arXiv subjects

J. Schultz

Publications and source records attributed to J. Schultz.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Microscopic Observation of Non-Ergodic States in Two-Dimensional Non-Topological Bubble Lattices

Disordered 2D lattices, including hexatic and various glassy states, are observed in a wide range of 2D systems including colloidal nanoparticle assemblies and fluxon lattices. Their disordered nature determines the stability and mobility of these systems, as well as their response to the external stimuli. Here we report on the controlled creation and characterization of a disordered 2D lattice of non-topological magnetic bubbles in the non-centrosymmetric ferrimagnetic alloy Mn$_{1.4}$PtSn. By analyzing the type and frequency of fundamental lattice defects, such as dislocations, the orientational correlation, as well as the induced motion of the lattice in an external field, a non-ergodic glassy state, stabilized by directional application of an external field, is revealed.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

Optical and acoustic plasmons in the layered material Sr$_2$RuO$_4$

We use momentum-dependent electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission to study collective charge excitations in the layer metal Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. This metal has a transition from a perfect Fermi liquid below $T\approx30\,$K into a "strange" metal phase above $T\approx800\,$K. We cover a complete range between in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations. Outside the classical range of electron-hole excitations, leading to a Landau damping, we observe well-defined plasmons. The optical (acoustic) plasmon due to an in-phase (out-of-phase) charge oscillation of neighbouring layers exhibits a quadratic (linear) positive dispersion. Using a model for the Coulomb interaction of the charges in a layered system, it is possible to describe the range of optical plasmon excitations at high energies in a mean-field random phase approximation without taking correlation effects into account. In contrast, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering data show at low energies an enhancement of the acoustic plasmon velocity due to correlation effects. This difference can be explained by an energy dependent effective mass which changes from $\approx$ 3.5 at low energy to 1 at high energy near the optical plasmon energy. There are no signs of over-damped plasmons predicted by holographic theories.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2024

Transport of Intensity Phase Retrieval in the Presence of Intensity Variations and Unknown Boundary Conditions

The so-called Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) phase retrieval technique is widely applied in light, x-ray and electron optics to reconstruct, e.g., refractive indices, electric and magnetic fields in solids. Here, we present a largely improved TIE reconstruction algorithm, which properly considers intensity variations as well as unknown boundary conditions in a finite difference implementation of the Transport of Intensity partial differential equation. That largely removes reconstruction artifacts encountered in state-of-the-art Poisson solvers of the TIE, and hence significantly increases the applicability of the technique.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Spectral field mapping in plasmonic nanostructures with nanometer resolution

Plasmonic nanostructures and devices are rapidly transforming light manipulation technology by allowing to modify and enhance optical fields on sub-wavelength scales. Advances in this field rely heavily on the development of new characterization methods for the fundamental nanoscale interactions. However, the direct and quantitative mapping of transient electric and magnetic fields characterizing the plasmonic coupling has been proven elusive to date. Here we demonstrate how to directly measure the inelastic momentum transfer of surface plasmon modes via the energy-loss filtered deflection of a focused electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. By scanning the beam over the sample we obtain a spatially and spectrally resolved deflection map and we further show how this deflection is related quantitatively to the spectral component of the induced electric and magnetic fields pertaining to the mode. In some regards this technique is an extension to the established differential phase contrast into the dynamic regime.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2007

Precision measurements of the total and partial widths of the psi(2S) charmonium meson with a new complementary-scan technique in antiproton-proton annihilations

We present new precision measurements of the psi(2S) total and partial widths from excitation curves obtained in antiproton-proton annihilations by Fermilab experiment E835 at the Antiproton Accumulator in the year 2000. A new technique of complementary scans was developed to study narrow resonances with stochastically cooled antiproton beams. The technique relies on precise revolution-frequency and orbit-length measurements, while making the analysis of the excitation curve almost independent of machine lattice parameters. We study the psi(2S) meson through the processes pbar p -> e+ e- and pbar p -> J/psi + X -> e+ e- + X. We measure the width to be Gamma = 290 +- 25(sta) +- 4(sys) keV and the combination of partial widths Gamma_e+e- * Gamma_pbarp / Gamma = 579 +- 38(sta) +- 36(sys) meV, which represent the most precise measurements to date.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2007

The nature of the infrared counterpart of IGR J19140+0951

The INTEGRAL observatory has been (re-)discovering new X-ray sources since the beginning of nominal operations in early 2003. These sources include X-ray binaries, Active Galactic Nuclei, cataclysmic variables, etc. Amongst the X-ray binaries, the true nature of many of these sources has remained largely elusive, though they seem to make up a population of highly absorbed high-mass X-ray binaries. One of these new sources, IGR J19140+0951, was serendipitously discovered on 2003 Mar 6 during an observation of the galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105. We observed IGR J19140+0951 with UKIRT in order to identify the infrared counterpart. Here we present the H- and K-band spectra. We determined that the companion is a B0.5-type bright supergiant in a wind-fed system, at a distance $\la$ 5 kpc.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Measurement of the branching ratios $ψ^\prime \to e^+ e^-$, $ψ^\prime \to J/ψππ$ and $ψ^\prime \to J/ψη$

We have measured several branching ratios for $ψ^\prime$ decay using the data collected by FNAL E835 experiment during year 2000, obtaining ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to e^+ e^-) = 0.0068\pm0.0001\pm0.0004$, ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψπ^+ π^-) = 0.292\pm0.005\pm0.018$, ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψπ^0 π^0) = 0.167\pm0.005\pm0.014$ and ${\cal B}(ψ^\prime \to J/ψη) = 0.028\pm0.002\pm0.002$. We also present a measurement of the dipion mass distribution in the decays $ψ^\prime \to J/ψππ$.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2004

Unveiling the Nature of the High Energy Source IGR J19140+0951

We report on high energy observations of IGR J19140+0951 performed with RXTE on three occasions in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and INTEGRAL during a very well sampled and unprecedented high energy coverage of this source from early-March to mid-May 2003. Our analysis shows that IGR J19140+0951 spends most of its time in a very low luminosity state, probably corresponding to the state observed with RXTE, and characterised by thermal Comptonisation. In some occasions we observe variations of the luminosity by a factor of about 10 during which the spectrum can show evidence for a thermal component, besides thermal Comptonisation by a hotter plasma than during the low luminosity state. The spectral parameters obtained from the spectral fits to the INTEGRAL and RXTE data strongly suggest that IGR J19140+0951 hosts a neutron star rather than a black hole. Very importantly, we observe variations of the absorption column density (with a value as high as ~10^23 cm^-2). Our spectral analysis also reveals a bright iron line detected with both RXTE/PCA and INTEGRAL/JEM-X, at different levels of luminosity. We discuss these results and the behaviour of IGR J19140+0951, and show, by comparison with other well known systems (Vela X-1, GX 301-2, 4U 2206+54), that IGR J19140+0951 is most probably a High Mass X-ray Binary.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Discovery of a new INTEGRAL source: IGR J19140+0951

IGR J19140+0951 (formerly known as IGR J19140+098) was discovered with the INTEGRAL satellite in March 2003. We report the details of the discovery, using an improved position for the analysis. We have performed a simultaneous study of the 5-100 keV JEM-X and ISGRI spectra from which we can distinguish two different states. From the results of our analysis we propose that IGR J19140+0951 is a persistent Galactic X-ray binary, probably hosting a neutron star although a black hole cannot be completely ruled out.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

JEM-X background models

Background and determination of its components for the JEM-X X-ray telescope on INTEGRAL are discussed. A part of the first background observations by JEM-X are analysed and results are compared to predictions. The observations are based on extensive imaging of background near the Crab Nebula on revolution 41 of INTEGRAL. Total observing time used for the analysis was 216502 s, with the average of 25 cps of background for each of the two JEM-X telescopes. JEM-X1 showed slightly higher average background intensity than JEM-X2. The detectors were stable during the long exposures, and weak orbital phase dependence in the background outside radiation belts was observed. The analysis yielded an average of 5 cps for the diffuse background, and 20 cps for the instrument background. The instrument background was found highly dependent on position, both for spectral shape and intensity. Diffuse background was enhanced in the central area of a detector, and it decreased radially towards the edge, with a clear vignetting effect for both JEM-X units. The instrument background was weakest in the central area of a detector and showed a steep increase at the very edges of both JEM-X detectors, with significant difference in spatial signatures between JEM-X units. According to our modelling, instrument background dominates over diffuse background in all positions and for all energies of JEM-X.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

X-ray properties of 4U 1543-624

4U 1543-624 is a relatively bright persistent low-mass X-ray binary. Analysis of archival data from ASCA, SAX and RXTE is presented. The X-ray continuum be can modeled with the standard low-mass X-ray binary spectrum, an isothermal blackbody and a Comptonized component. Variations in the luminosity and flux ratio of the continuum components are seen. An increase in luminosity is accompanied by a decrease in the blackbody luminosity and a hardening of the spectrum. Most low-mass X-ray binaries have softer spectra and higher blackbody luminosities in high luminosity states. The Fe K-alpha line is seen only in the high luminosity spectra. A narrow feature near 0.7 keV, previously detected in the ASCA data, is also seen in the SAX data. A qualitative model of the system is presented. The X-ray observations can be explained by a low inclination system (face-on disk) containing a slowly (P >> ms) rotating neutron star. A slowly rotating neutron star would imply either that the system is a young low-mass X-ray binary, or that the accretion rate is unusually low. The empirical relation between optical and X-ray luminosity and orbital period suggests a relatively short period.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

BeppoSAX observations of the EXS 1737.9-2952 region II: Analysis of sources

(Abridged) Spectral and time variability analysis of the region of the hard X-ray transient EXS 1737.9-2952 near the Galactic Centre (GC), using data from the Narrow Field Instruments of BeppoSAX is reported. The main results are the MECS spectra of the 10 identified sources. Fluxes obtained with spectral fits are 1.7-4.8E-12 erg / cm2 s. The absorption is in the range N_H=0.5-6.7E22 / cm2, indicating that the sources are at least at the distance of the GC, and thus have L_x > 2-5E34 erg/s (2-10 keV). A powerlaw with photon index 1.1-1.8 generally gives a fair fit, but a strong iron line (at 6-7 keV) is evident for 5 sources and exists at lower confidence in the others. The fits indicate differences in line position in the range 6.1-7.0 keV suggesting that the ionisation state and/or emission mechanism may not be the same in all sources. The time-binned data indicates that two sources are variable on a time scale of hours at confidence > 99.99%, and one at 99.67%. These sources could be low-mass X-ray binaries. The other sources are most probably X-ray binaries or SNRs. A MECS spectrum from a subfield including 8 of the new sources and a major contribution of diffuse emission yielded a fairly good fit to a power-law spectrum with photon index 1.3 and a strong iron line at 6.8 keV. Another field with only residual emission and no point sources yielded spectral parameters close to the diffuse emission near GC observed by other investigators, except for the high interstellar absorption. The PDS spectrum of the same region is more difficult to interpret due to lack of spatial resolution and a larger FOV that contains the bright hard X-ray source 1E1740.7-2942. The source for the hard X-ray transient EXS 17137.9-2952 cannot be identified from the present observations.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

In.XS: project for a future spaceborne hard X-ray all-sky survey

The latest all-sky survey in hard X-ray band was performed by the HEAO-1 satellite (13-80 keV) with an angular resolution of 24x48 arcmin. A diffuse hard X-Ray background (HXB) was detected between 3 and 50 keV. The main scientific goal of In.XS is to resolve a large fraction of this HXB into individual sources. As no distortion by Compton up-scattering is seen in the spectrum of the microwave background, the hard X-ray background is believed to be mainly due to point sources. Type I Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have softer X-ray spectra than the hard X-ray background, so other sources must be considered, like faint Type II or absorbed AGN. These could be distinguished through hard X-ray spectroscopic or hardness ratio observations. Here we present In.XS - a mission concept designed to conduct the first imaging all-sky hard X-ray (2-80 keV) survey. The angular resolution of nearly 1 arcmin and good sensitivity at high energies is provided by the latest multilayer focussing mirrors, with semiconductor-based (GaAs) arrays of detectors. We also describe the mission operations, and how the all-sky survey will be complemented by follow-up pointed observations of selected fields. The good angular resolution will allow correlations and identification with objects seen at other wavelengths. In addition, since a large fraction of the Type II AGN luminosity is emitted in the hard X-ray band, this survey will provide a large unbiased sample of the AGN population. This may provide constraints on AGN evolution through the possible observation of a turnover in deep field source statistics.

astro-ph↗