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J. Smit

Publications and source records attributed to J. Smit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2017

Localized Control of Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxide Film by Capping-layer- induced Octahedral Distortion

With reduced dimensionality, it is often easier to modify the properties of ultra-thin films than their bulk counterparts. Strain engineering, usually achieved by choosing appropriate substrates, has been proven effective in controlling the properties of perovskite oxide films. An emerging alternative route for developing new multifunctional perovskite is by modification of the oxygen octahedral structure. Here we report the control of structural oxygen octahedral rotation in ultra-thin perovskite SrRuO3 films by the deposition of a SrTiO3 capping layer, which can be lithographically patterned to achieve local control. Using a scanning Sagnac magnetic microscope, we show increase in the Curie temperature of SrRuO3 due to the suppression octahedral rotations revealed by the synchrotron x-ray diffraction. This capping-layer-based technique may open new possibilities for developing functional oxide materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2003

$\Phi$-derivable approximations in gauge theories

We discuss the method of $\Phi$-derivable approximations in gauge theories. There, two complications arise, namely the violation of Bose symmetry in correlation functions and the gauge dependence. For the latter we argue that the error introduced by the gauge dependent terms is controlled, therefore not invalidating the method.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Chern-Simons number asymmetry from CP-violation during tachyonic preheating

We consider the creation of non-zero Chern-Simons number in a model of the early Universe, where the Higgs field experiences a fast quench at the end of inflation. We perform numerical lattice simulations in the Abelian Higgs model in 1+1 dimensions and in the SU(2)-Higgs model in 3+1 dimensions with an added effective CP-violating term. We also comment on the appropriate choice of vacuum initial conditions for classical simulations.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Gauge-fixing dependence of Phi-derivable approximations

We examine the problem of gauge dependence of the 2PI effective action and its Phi-derivable approximations in gauge theories. The dependence on the gauge-fixing condition is obtained. The result shows that Phi-derivable approximations, defined as truncations of the 2PI effective action at a certain order, have a controlled gauge dependence, i.e. the gauge dependent terms appear at higher order than the truncation order. Furthermore, using the stationary point obtained for the approximation to evaluate the complete 2PI effective action boosts the order at which the gauge dependent terms appear to twice the order of truncation. We also comment on the significance of this controlled gauge dependence.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Initial conditions for simulated `tachyonic preheating' and the Hartree ensemble approximation

In numerical simulations studying preheating in the classical approximation there is the problem how to derive the classical initial conditions from the quantum vacuum fluctuations. In past treatments, the initial conditions often put an energy density into the classical field of order of the cutoff, leading to a divergent temperature after thermalization. We suggest a solution to the problem which follows naturally from a Hartree ensemble approximation, introduced recently as an improvement over the standard Hartree approximation. We study the effects on particle numbers of the various treatments, within the context of `tachyonic preheating' in 1+1 dimensional $ϕ^4$ theory.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Thermalization in a Hartree Ensemble Approximation to Quantum Field dynamics

For homogeneous initial conditions, Hartree (gaussian) dynamical approximations are known to have problems with thermalization, because of insufficient scattering. We attempt to improve on this by writing an arbitrary density matrix as a superposition of gaussian pure states and applying the Hartree approximation to each member of such an ensemble. Particles can then scatter via their back-reaction on the typically inhomogeneous mean fields. Starting from initial states which are far from equilibrium we numerically compute the time evolution of particle distribution functions and observe that they indeed display approximate thermalization on intermediate time scales by approaching a Bose-Einstein form. However, for very large times the distributions drift towards classical-like equipartition.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Staying Thermal with Hartree Ensemble Approximations

We study thermal behavior of a recently introduced Hartree ensemble approximation, which allows for non-perturbative inhomogeneous field configurations as well as for approximate thermalization, in the $\phi^4$ model in 1+1 dimensions. Using ensembles with a free field thermal distribution as out-of-equilibrium initial conditions we determine thermalization time scales. The time scale for which the system stays in approximate quantum thermal equilibrium is an indication of the time scales for which the approximation method stays reasonable. This time scale turns out to be two orders of magnitude larger than the time scale for thermalization, in the range of couplings and temperatures studied. We also discuss simplifications of our method which are numerically more efficient and make a comparison with classical dynamics.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Thermalisation of inhomogeneous quantum scalar fields in 1+1D

Using an improved version of the Hartree approximation, allowing for ensembles of inhomogeneous configurations, we show in a $λϕ^4$ theory, that initially the system thermalises with a Bose-Einstein distribution. For later times and larger couplings we see deviations.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Finite Temperature Simulations from Quantum Field Dynamics?

We describe a Hartree ensemble method to approximately solve the Heisenberg equations for the \phi^4 model in 1+1 dimensions. We compute the energies and number densities of the quantum particles described by the \phi field and find that the particles initially thermalize with a Bose-Einstein distribution for the particle density. Gradually, however, the distribution changes towards classical equipartition. Using suitable initial conditions quantum thermalization is achieved much faster than the onset of this undesirable equipartition. We also show how the numerical efficiency of our method can be significantly improved.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2000

Damping and the Hartree Ensemble Approximation

We study a Hartree ensemble approximation for real-time dynamics in the toy model of 1+1 dimensional scalar field theory. Damping behavior seen in numerical simulations is compared with analytical predictions based on perturbation theory in the original (non-Hartree-approximated) model.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2000

Scalar Field Dynamics: Classical, Quantum and in Between

Using a Hartree ensemble approximation, we investigate the dynamics of the \f^4 model in 1+1 dimensions. We find that the fields initially thermalize with a Bose-Einstein distribution for the fields. Gradually, however, the distribution changes towards classical equipartition. Using suitable initial conditions quantum thermalization is achieved much faster than the onset of this undesirable equipartition. We also show how the numerical efficiency of our method can be significantly improved.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Twin Peaks

The on-shell imaginary part of the retarded selfenergy of massive $\vr^4$ theory in 1+1 dimensions is logarithmically infrared divergent. This leads to a zero in the spectral function, separating its usual bump into two. The twin peaks interfere in time-dependent correlation functions, which causes oscillating modulations on top of exponential-like decay, while the usual formulas for the decay rate fail. We see similar modulations in our numerical results for a mean field correlator, using a Hartree ensemble approximation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

Real-time dynamics in the 1+1 D abelian Higgs model with fermions

In approximate dynamical equations, inhomogenous classical (mean) gauge and Higgs fields are coupled to quantized fermions. The equations are solved numerically on a spacetime lattice. The fermions appear to equilibrate according to the Fermi-Dirac distribution with time-dependent temperature and chemical potential.

hep-lat↗
arXiv1998

Sphaleron rate at high temperature in 1+1 dimensions

We resolve the controversy in the high temperature behavior of the sphaleron rate in the abelian Higgs model in 1+1 dimensions. The $T^2$ behavior at intermediate lattice spacings is found to change into $T^{2/3}$ behavior in the continuum limit. The results are supported by analytic arguments that the classical approximation is good for this model.

hep-lat↗
arXiv1998

High Temperature Behavior of the Chern-Simons Diffusion Rate in the 1+1 D Abelian Higgs Model

We give arguments that in the 1+1 dimensional abelian Higgs model the classical approximation can be good for the leading high temperature behavior of real time processes. The Chern-Simons diffusion rate (`sphaleron rate') is studied numerically in this approximation. New results at high temperature show a $T^{2/3}$ behavior of the rate at sufficiently small lattice spacing.

hep-lat↗
arXiv1997

Numerical study of plasmon properties in the SU(2)-Higgs model

Using the (effective) classical approximation, we compute numerically time-dependent correlation functions in the SU(2)-Higgs model around the electroweak phase transition, for $m_H \approx m_W$. The parameters of the classical model have been determined previously by the dimensional reduction relations for time-independent correlators. The $H$ and $W$ correlation functions correspond to gauge invariant fields. They show damped oscillatory behavior from which we extract frequencies $\om$ and damping rates $\gm$. In the Higgs phase the damping rates have roughly the values obtained in analytic calculations in the quantum theory. In the plasma phase (where analytic estimates for gauge invariant fields are not available), the damping rate associated with $H$ is an order of magnitude larger than in the Higgs phase, while the $W$ correlator appears to be overdamped, with a small rate. The frequency $\om_H$ shows a clear dip at the transition. The results are approximately independent of the lattice spacing, but this appears to be compatible with the lattice spacing dependence expected from perturbation theory.

hep-lat↗
arXiv1995

Correlations and Binding in 4D Dynamical Triangulation

We study correlations on the euclidean spacetimes generated in Monte Carlo simulations of the model. In the elongated phase, curvature correlations appear to fall off like a fractional power. Near the transition to the crumpled phase this power is consistent with 4. We also present improved data of our computations of the binding energy of test particles.

hep-lat↗