arXiv subjects

J. Southworth

Publications and source records attributed to J. Southworth.

223 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

arXiv2005

Abundances from disentangled component spectra of close binary stars: An observational test of an earlz mixing in high-mass stars

Recent theoretical calculations of stellar evolutionary tracks for rotating high-mass stars suggests that the chemical composition of the surface layers changes even whilst the star is evolving on the Main Sequence. The abundance analysis of binary components with precisely known fundamental stellar quantities allows a powerful comparison with theory. The observed spectra of close binary stars can be separated into the individual spectra of the component stars using the method of spectral disentangling on a time-series of spectra taken over the orbital cycle. Recently, Pavlovski & Hensberge (2005, A&A, 439, 309) have shown that, even with moderately high line-broadening, metal abundances can be derived from disentangled spectra with a precision of 0.1 dex. In a continuation of this project we have undertaken a detailed abundance analysis of the components of another two high-mass binaries, V453 Cyg, and V380 Cyg. Both binaries are well-studied systems with modern solutions. The components are close to the TAMS and therefore very suitable for an observational test of early mixing in high-mass stars.

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arXiv2004

Eclipsing binaries as standard candles: HD 23642 and the distance to the Pleiades

We present a reanalysis of the light curves of HD 23642, a detached eclipsing binary star in the Pleiades open cluster, with emphasis on a detailed error analysis. We compare the masses and radii of the two stars to predictions of stellar evolutionary models and find that the metal and helium abundances of the Pleiades are approximately solar. We present a new method for finding distances to eclipsing binaries, of spectral types A to M, using the empirical calibrations of effective temperature versus surface brightness given by Kervella et al. (2004). We use the calibration for K-filter surface brightness to determine a distance of 139.1 +/- 3.5 pc to HD 23642 and the Pleiades. This distance is in excellent agreement with distances found from the use of theoretical and empirical bolometric corrections. We show that the determination of distance, both from the use of surface brightness relations and from the use of bolometric corrections, is more accurate and precise at infrared wavelengths than at optical wavelengths. The distance to HD 23642 is consistent with that derived from photometric methods and Hubble Space Telecscope parallaxes, but is inconsistent with the distance measured using Hipparcos parallaxes of HD 23642 and of other Pleiades stars.

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arXiv2004

Eclipsing binaries in open clusters. III. V621 Per in chi Persei

V621 Persei is a detached eclipsing binary in the open cluster chi Persei which is composed of an early B-type giant star and a main sequence secondary component. From high-resolution spectroscopic observations and radial velocities from the literature, we determine the orbital period to be 25.5 days and the primary velocity semiamplitude to be K = 64.5 +/- 0.4 km/s. No trace of the secondary star has been found in the spectrum. We solve the discovery light curves of this totally-eclipsing binary and find that the surface gravity of the secondary star is log(g_B) = 4.244 +/- 0.054 (cm/s). We compare the absolute masses and radii of the two stars in the mass--radius diagram, for different possible values of the primary surface gravity, to the predictions of stellar models. We find that log(g_A) is approximately 3.55, in agreement with values found from fitting Balmer lines with synthetic profiles. The expected masses of the two stars are 12 Msun and 6 Msun, and the expected radii are 10 Rsun and 3 Rsun. The primary component is near the blue loop stage in its evolution.

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arXiv2004

Accurate fundamental parameters of eclipsing binary stars

The study of detached eclipsing binaries is one of the most powerful ways to investigate the properties of individual stars and stellar systems. We present preliminary masses, radii and effective temperatures for the eclipsing binary WW Aurigae, which is composed of two metallic-lined A-type stars. We also reanalyse the data on HD 23642, an A-type eclipsing binary member of the Pleiades open cluster with a metallic-lined component, and determine its distance to be 139 +/- 4 pc. This is in agreement with the traditional Pleiades distance, but in disagreement with distance to the Pleiades, and to HD 23642 itself, derived from Hipparcos trigonometrical parallaxes.

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arXiv2004

Eclipsing binaries in open clusters. II. V453 Cyg in NGC 6871

We derive absolute dimensions of the early B-type detached eclipsing binary V453 Cygni (B0.4 IV + B0.7 IV, P=3.89d), a member of the open cluster NGC 6871. From the analysis of new, high-resolution, spectroscopy and the UBV light curves of Cohen (1974) we find the masses to be 14.36 +/- 0.20 and 11.11 +/- 0.13 Msun, the radii to be 8.55 +/- 0.06 and 5.49 +/- 0.06 Rsun, and the effective temperatures to be 26600 +/- 500 and 25 500 +/- 800 K for the primary and secondary stars, respectively. The surface gravities of 3.731 +/- 0.012 and 4.005 +/- 0.015 indicate that V453 Cyg is reaching the end of its main sequence lifetime. We have determined the apsidal motion period of the system to be 66.4 +/- 1.8 yr using the technique of Lacy (1992) extended to include spectroscopic data as well as times of minimum light, giving a density concentration coefficient of log(k_2) = -2.226 +/- 0.024. Contaminating (third) light has been detected for the first time in the light curve of V453 Cyg; previous analyses without this effect systematically underestimate the ratio of the radii of the two stars. The absolute dimensions of the system have been compared to the stellar evolution models of the Granada, Geneva, Padova and Cambridge groups. All model sets fit the data on V453 Cyg for solar helium and metal abundances and an age of 10.0 +/- 0.2 Myr. The Granada models also agree fully with the observed log(k_2) once general relativistic effects have been accounted for. The Cambridge models with convective core overshooting fit V453 Cyg better than those without. Given this success of the theoretical predictions, we briefly discuss which eclipsing binaries should be studied in order to further challenge the models.

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arXiv2003

Eclipsing binaries in open clusters

Accurate physical parameters have been determined for two early-type detached eclipsing binaries in the open cluster h Persei (NGC 869). Masses accurate to 1.5% are derived from high-resolution spectroscopy and radii accurate to 4--6% have been obtained from fitting the existing light curves. The four stars are placed in the mass radius plane and compared to the theoretical stellar models of the Granada Group. The best-fitting models have a low metallicity of approximately Z=0.01 and a high helium abundance of Y=0.34. This is the first determination of the bulk metallicity of the Perseus Double Cluster. Recent studies have assumed a solar metallicity so their results should be reviewed.

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arXiv2003

Eclipsing binaries in open clusters. I. V615 Per and V618 Per in h Per

We derive absolute dimensions for two early-type main sequence detached eclipsing binaries in the young open cluster h Persei (NGC 869). V615 Persei has a spectral type of B7V and a period of 13.7d. V618 Persei is A2V and has a period of 6.4d. New ephemerides are calculated for both systems. The masses of the component stars have been derived using high-resolution spectroscopy and are 4.08+/-0.06 Msun and 3.18+/-0.05 Msun for V615 Per and 2.33+/-0.03 Msun and 1.56+/-0.02 Msun for V618 Per. The radii have been measured by fitting the available light curves using EBOP and are 2.29+/-0.14 Rsun and 1.90+/-0.09 Rsun for V615 Per and 1.64+/-0.07 Rsun and 1.32+/-0.07 Rsun for V618 Per. By comparing the observed spectra of V615 Per to synthetic spectra from model atmospheres we find that the effective temperatures of the two stars are 15000+/-500 K and 11000+/-500 K. The equatorial rotational velocities of the primary and secondary components of V615 Per are 28+/-5 km/s and 8+/-5 km/s, respectively. Both components of V618 Per rotate at 10+/-5 km/s. The equatorial rotational velocities for synchronous rotation are about 10 km/s for all four stars. The timescales for orbital circularisation for both systems, and the timescale for rotational synchronisation of V615 Per, are much greater than the age of h Per. Their negligible eccentricities and equatorial rotational velocities therefore support the hypothesis that they were formed by 'delayed breakup'. We have compared the radii of these stars to models by the Granada and the Padova groups for stars of the same masses but different compositions. We conclude that the metallicity of the stars is about Z=0.01. This appears to be the first estimate of the bulk metallicity of h Per. Recent photometric studies have assumed a solar metallicity so their results should be reviewed.

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