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J. W. Moffat

Publications and source records attributed to J. W. Moffat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Can a Local Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?

In a complete quantum theory, one would construct it based on what we can observe in a system and operationally define in our universe. This philosophy goes back to some of the original ideals of quantum theory defined by W. Heisenberg, N. Bohr, and others as part of the Copenhagen school of thought. We argue in this letter that that if one wishes to construct a complete quantum field theory, that it is most natural to construct it based on a nonlocal theory of observable principles. If this interpretation is valid, then the one-particle nonrelativistic limit that recovers quantum mechanics would as well be dynamically nonlocal. In this interpretation we derive the nonlocal Schrödinger equation. We will as well demonstrate that the canonical position--momentum commutator and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle emerge from translation covariance.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2026

A First Bound on the Moffat Energy and Thorium-229 Clock as a Probe of the Nonlocal Time-Energy Structure and a Proposed Experiment for the use of Nuclear Entanglement and Squeezed States to Test Nonlocal Quantum Field Theory

In this paper we derive the nonlocal Time-Energy uncertainty principle and then apply the published $^{229}$Th nuclear clock data as a first probe of the nonlocality scale \(E_M\). By using the direct clock-energy channel, we find conservative lower bounds on \(E_M\) at the tens of MeV scale, with optimistic present-data estimates reaching the hundred MeV scale. Including the known nuclear sensitivity enhancement of the $^{229}$Th transition gives us stronger model dependent bounds in the GeV range, while nuclear-scale reference-energy scenarios can reach the TeV range. The conclusion we draw from this is that nuclear clocks already provide an experimental route from nonlocal time--energy uncertainty to measurable laboratory bounds on non-Planckian nonlocality. We explore the idea of using a squeezed-state experiment with the $^{229}\mathrm{Th}$ nuclear clock to test the time--energy structure of nonlocal quantum field theory. The idea is reasonably obtainable within the near future of nuclear clock experiments. One would prepare an ensemble of thorium nuclei in a coherent superposition of the nuclear ground state and the low-lying isomeric clock state, entangle the participating nuclei through a collective interaction, and generate a family of spin-squeezed states with a tunable squeezing parameter $r$. Then a phase-controlled analysis pulse will rotate the selected collective nuclear quadrature into a measurable ground-isomer population difference. Near a strongly polarized collective state the normalized operators $J_y/\sqrt{S}$ and $J_z/\sqrt{S}$ obey the same approximate canonical algebra as the phase and amplitude quadratures of a squeezed optical mode. We use this experiment to either probe or bound the nonlocal energy scale $E_M$.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2026

Conditions for Gravitational-Wave Echo Suppression in Diffeomorphism-Invariant Nonlocal Quantum Gravity

Gravitational-wave echoes can arise when perturbations are trapped between distinct scattering structures in the effective potential of an ultracompact merger remnant. We examine the conditions under which analytic nonlocal smearing can reduce such signals in a Gaussian-smeared regular compact-object geometry. For configurations possessing a true event horizon, the standard purely ingoing boundary condition excludes an inner echo cavity independently of the ultraviolet completion. For horizonless configurations, smoothness alone does not eliminate echoes. The axial Regge--Wheeler potential can contain a trapping region bounded by an inner centrifugal barrier and an outer potential maximum. We distinguish echoes caused by the global geometric potential from reflection by an additional localized inner transition layer. If such a layer is smeared over a proper radial length $\ellNL$ and the metric function is approximately constant across it, its tortoise-coordinate width is enhanced by the gravitational redshift. In the weak-scattering approximation, a Gaussian layer produces the conditional suppression. This result requires a localized weak interaction, slow variation of the background across the layer, and a valid Born approximation. It is not a model-independent exclusion of echoes from smooth horizonless objects. The analysis identifies the redshift, nonlocal-length, and potential-structure conditions that must be evaluated before gravitational-wave observations can be converted into constraints on analytic nonlocal quantum gravity.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

On Gauge-Invariant Entire-Function Regulators and UV Finiteness in NonLocal Quantum Field Theory

In this paper we clarify the status of gauge invariant entire function regulators in NonLocal Quantum Field Theory, in this the regulator is implemented as an entire function of the covariant Laplace--Beltrami operator. Working in the background-field formalism and expanding around flat, trivial backgrounds, we show that plane waves diagonalize the d'Alembertian so that the entire function reduces to a multiplicative form factor in Minkowski momentum space. After Wick rotation to the Euclidean axis, this produces exponential ultraviolet damping in loop integrals without introducing additional poles or branch cuts. Our analysis provides a gauge covariant justification for the use of entire function regulators in nonlocal quantum field theory.

hep-th↗
arXiv2026

An inquiry into the Absence of Fermion Doubling and why the Nielsen-Ninomiya Theorem Does Not Apply to Nonlocal Quantum Field Theory

In this paper we will examine if nonlocal quantum field theory will suffer from the fermion doubling pathology. We find that for a nonlocal Dirac theory, that no additional fermion species are introduced. This is provided that the form factor is nonvanishing at every point. The proof follows from the invertibility of the entire-function operator, which implies that the nonlocal Dirac operator has exactly the same kernel and finite-momentum zero set as the original local Dirac operator. We will distinguish this result from the standard Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem, which applies local lattice fermions on a compact Brillouin zone. We provide a general criterion for fermion doubling, a test for genuine and false doubling, and then a test procedure for mathematical and physical fermion doubling. We then will go on to distinguish this result from finite derivative truncations, which can introduce spurious polynomial zeros. We then conclude that fermion doubling is absent in the full continuum nonlocal theory.

hep-th↗
arXiv2026

On the Standard Model Mass Spectrum and Interactions In the Holomorphic Unified Field Theory

We present a unified, ultraviolet-finite framework for the full Standard Model particle mass spectrum based on the Holomorphic Unified Field Theory augmented by nonlocal entire-function regulators. Starting from a single holomorphic action on the complexified spacetime manifold \( M^4_{\mathbb{C}} \), with a Hermitian metric unifying gravity, gauge, and matter sectors, we embed exponential regulator insertions to render all loop integrals finite without breaking gauge or diffeomorphism invariance. After spontaneous breaking of the electroweak and grand unified symmetries, analytic expressions for the charged lepton, quark, and neutrino mass matrices are derived in terms of holomorphic Yukawa textures and regulator form factors. A minimal Froggatt-Nielsen flavon sector fixes all \( \mathcal{O}(1) \) coefficients in terms of two continuous inputs. Regulator-suppressed one- and two-loop renormalization group evolution then yields predictions for all fermion masses, CKM and PMNS mixing angles, \( W \) and \( Z \) boson masses, and the Higgs boson mass and self-couplings. Finally, under a mild set of geometric and topological assumptions we show that gauge coupling unification, three chiral families, hypercharge quantization, and the shape of the Higgs potential are genuine predictions of the holomorphic nonlocal framework.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

On the Invariant and Geometric Structure of the Holomorphic Unified Field Theory

We present the invariant structure of a Holomorphic Unified Field Theory in which gravity and gauge interactions arise from a single geometric framework. The theory is formulated using a product principal bundle, with one connection, and curvature equipped with a Hermitian field on a complexification of spacetime. From a single $\mathrm{Diff}(M)\times G$-invariant action, variation yields the Einstein and Yang-Mills equations together with their paired Bianchi identities. A compatibility condition is implemented either definitionally or through an auxiliary penalty functional. It enforces that the antisymmetric part of our Hermitian field is the gauge field's exact curvature on the real slice.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2026

On the Complexified Spacetime Manifold Mapping of AdS to dS

In a complex manifold, one can bridge anti-de Sitter and de Sitter spacetimes via analytic continuation, preserving geometric invariants and regularity, avoiding singularities during the AdS-dS transition. It unifies gravitational and gauge interactions under a complexified symmetry group, maintaining bulk unitarity for both AdS and dS. Boundary unitarity is upheld in AdS but not in dS due to the spacelike conformal boundary. The theory uses holographic principles like the MacDowell-Mansouri and Quantum Extremal Surface prescriptions to align entanglement and black hole entropy with AdS/CFT and general relativity. HUFT provides insights into AdS and dS holography, the cosmological constant, and quantum gravity unitarity and entanglement.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2025

Finite Nonlocal Holomorphic Unified Quantum Field Theory

In this paper the non-local finite quantum-gravity framework is incorporated into the Complex non-Riemannian Holomorphic Unified Field Theory formulated on a complexified four-dimensional manifold. By introducing entire-function regulators $F(\Box) = \exp\!\bigl(\Box / M_*^2\bigr)$ into the holomorphic Einstein-Hilbert action, we achieve perturbative UV finiteness at all loop orders, while preserving BRST invariance and holomorphic gauge symmetry. We derive the modified gauge-gravity coupling sector, perform a one-loop effective-action computation in a contour-regularized metric background, and demonstrate the absence of new counterterms and problematic complex-pole structures. Extending the construction to nontrivial curved backgrounds, we verify infrared recovery of General Relativity and full holomorphic gauge invariance. Finally, we explore phenomenological consequences, including corrected graviton and gauge-boson scattering amplitudes in self-dual backgrounds, finite Hawking spectra for regularized Schwarzschild and Kerr geometries, and proposed tests of the equivalence principle. This work lays the foundation for a self-consistent, unitary four-dimensional quantum-gravity and Holomorphic Unified Field Theory framework.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2025

Dynamical Dark Energy at Late Time $Λ$CDM

We investigate the dynamical properties of dark energy through a detailed analysis of its equation of state parameter $w(z)$ as a function of redshift. We derive a general expression for $w(z)$ from the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) equations, establishing a direct relationship between the dark energy equation of state and the observable Hubble parameter $H(z)$ and its derivative. Using the relation $w(z) = -1 + \frac{2(1+z)}{3H(z)} \frac{dH}{dz}$, we develop an approximation method valid for $z \lesssim 1$ that accounts for the changing balance between matter and dark energy contributions to cosmic expansion. We compare our theoretical framework with recent observational data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) DR2, analysing how well the commonly used Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization $w(z) = -1 + w_a \frac{z}{1+z}$ captures the evolution of dark energy. Our results indicate that the dark energy equation of state exhibits a monotonic evolution with redshift, transitioning from deceleration to acceleration around $z \approx 0.7$. Notably, our predicted $w_{\mathrm{DE}}$ remains greater than $-1$ across all redshifts, avoiding phantom energy scenarios that would violate the null energy condition. This work demonstrates how precise measurements of the cosmic expansion history can constrain the nature of dark energy and provides a framework for testing dynamical dark energy models against current and future cosmological observations.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2025

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

This paper examines the Higgs particle self-coupling and its implications for electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model. We review the current experimental constraints on the Higgs trilinear coupling and discuss the challenges in measuring it precisely. The potential consequences of deviations from the Standard Model prediction are explored, including the possibility of new physics. We then consider an alternative ultraviolet complete electroweak theory based on finite quantum field theory, which does not require spontaneous symmetry breaking or a non-zero vacuum expectation value. The predictions of this model for particle masses and the stability of the electroweak vacuum are compared to the standard Higgs mechanism. Finally, we review the SM derivation of the W-boson mass, its dependence on radiative corrections and its experimentally determined value.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2025

Complex Riemannian Spacetime, Removal of Black Hole Singularities And Black Hole Paradoxes

An approach is presented to resolve key paradoxes in black hole physics through the application of complex Riemannian spacetime. We extend the Schwarzschild metric into the complex domain, employing contour integration techniques to remove singularities while preserving essential features of the original solution. A new regularized radial coordinate is introduced, leading to a singularity-free description of black hole interiors. Crucially, we demonstrate how this complex extension resolves the long-standing paradox of event horizon formation occurring only in the infinite future of distant observers. By analyzing trajectories in complex spacetime, we show that the horizon can form in finite complex time, reconciling the apparent contradiction between proper and coordinate time descriptions. This approach also provides a framework for the analytic continuation of information across event horizons, resolving the Hawking information paradox. We explore the physical interpretation of the complex extension versus its projection onto real spacetime. The gravitational collapse of a dust sphere with negligible dust is explored in the complex spacetime extension. The approach offers a mathematically rigorous framework for exploring quantum gravity effects within the context of classical general relativity.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2024

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed the presence of bright and well-formed galaxies at high redshifts, challenging the predictions of the standard Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) cosmological model. This paper explores the potential of Modified Gravity (MOG), specifically Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity (STVG), to account for the rapid formation of these galaxies in the early universe. By enhancing the gravitational constant through a dimensionless parameter $α$ and incorporating a massive vector field $ϕ_μ$, MOG predicts deeper gravitational wells that can accelerate the collapse of baryonic matter. We present theoretical insights demonstrating how MOG can facilitate the increase in star formation rate and early formation of galaxies, offering a compelling alternative to LCDM. Our findings suggest that MOG provides a viable framework for understanding the rapid growth of galaxies observed by JWST.

astro-ph.GA↗
arXiv2024

Implications of the Milky Way Declining Rotation Curve

Almost all spiral galaxies have been observed to have flattening rotation curves. The new Gaia DR3 released data shows a Milky Way sharply Keplerian declining rotation curve, starting at $\sim 16$ kpc and ending at 26.5 kpc. The data reduces the total Milky Way mass by an order of magnitude, $M=2.06\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$, compared to the standard required dark matter halo mass, $(2-5)\times10^{12}M_\odot$. Newtonian and modified gravity (MOG) fits are applied to the Gaia DR3 rotation curve data. The fit obtained using MOG has a total mass of $M\sim1.3\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$, while the Newtonian fit predicts a mass of $M\sim2\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$. These are in excess of the estimated visible baryon mass of the Milky Way, $M_b\sim (0.6-1.0)\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$. It is possible that if the cicumgalactic (CGM) plasma-gas continues to be confirmed experimentally, then the additional baryon mass required to account for the estimated total Milky Way mass could be attributed to the CGM hot plasma-gas halo.

astro-ph.GA↗
arXiv2023

Ultraviolet Complete Quantum Field Theory and Particle Model

An ultraviolet complete particle model is constructed for the observed particles of the standard model. The quantum field theory associates infinite derivative entire functions with propagators and vertices, which make quantum loops finite and maintain Poincaré invariance and unitarity of the model. The electroweak model $SU(2)\times U(1)$ group is treated as a broken symmetry group with non-vanishing experimentally determined boson and fermion masses. A spontaneous symmetry breaking of the vacuum by a scalar Higgs field is not invoked to restore boson and fermion masses to the initially massless $SU(2)\times U(1)$ Lagrangian of the standard model. The hierarchy naturalness problem of the Higgs boson mass is resolved and the model contains only experimentally observed masses and coupling constants. The model can predict a stable vacuum evolution. Experimental tests to distinguish the standard model from the alternative model are proposed. The finite quantum field theory can be extended to quantum gravity.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2022

Neutrino Masses and Helicities

Models of neutrinos and their mass generation by self-energy radiative corrections are formulated in an ultraviolet complete quantum field theory (UCQFT). A model of the three flavors of neutrinos as Majorana fermions is developed as the minimal model. A model incorporating an SU(2) singlet sterile neutrino can also be formulated.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2021

The cosmological background and the "external field" in Modified Gravity (MOG)

We investigate the contributions of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric of the standard cosmology as an asymptotic boundary condition on the first-order approximation of the gravitational field in Moffat's theory of modified gravity (MOG). We also consider contributions due to the fact that the MOG theory does not satisfy the shell theorem or Birkhoff's theorem, resulting in what is known as the "external field effect" (EFE). We show that while both these effects add small contributions to the radial acceleration law, the result is orders of magnitude smaller than the radial acceleration in spiral galaxies.

gr-qc↗