arXiv subjects

J. Xin

Publications and source records attributed to J. Xin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Iterative bounds on effective transport for advection diffusion in periodic flow fields

Over three decades ago a Stieltjes integral representation for the effective diffusivity of a tracer in a steady fluid velocity field was developed, involving the spectral measure of a compact self-adjoint operator and the P\'eclet number of the flow. Rigorous bounds on the homogenized diffusivity could then be obtained from knowledge of the moments of the spectral measure. A recent extension to space-time periodic flows involves an unbounded self-adjoint operator. Though Pad\'e approximants provide upper and lower bounds in terms of the moments, the lack of a general method for calculating them has significantly limited the utility of this approach. Here we develop an iterative method that enables an arbitrary number of moments, hence bounds, to be calculated analytically in closed form for spatially and space-time periodic flows. The known behavior of the effective diffusivity for a 2D steady cellular flow is accurately captured by high order upper and lower bounds. The bounds extend to 3D steady and time periodic flow fields away from the advection dominated regime where an open issue remains concerning the divergence of the bounds.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2023

NvDEx-100 Conceptual Design Report

Observing nuclear neutrinoless double beta (0vbb) decay would be a revolutionary result in particle physics. Observing such a decay would prove that the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, help to study the absolute mass of neutrinos, explore the origin of their mass, and may explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe by lepton number violation. We propose developing a time projection chamber (TPC) using high-pressure 82SeF6 gas and top-metal silicon sensors for read-out in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 82Se, called the NvDEx experiment. Besides being located at CJPL with the world's thickest rock shielding, NvDEx combines the advantages of the high Qbb (2.996 MeV) of 82Se and the TPC's ability to distinguish signal and background events using their different topological characteristics. This makes NvDEx unique, with great potential for low-background and high-sensitivity 0vbb searches. NvDEx-100, a NvDEx experiment phase with 100 kg of SeF6 gas, is being built, with plans to complete installation at CJPL by 2025. This report introduces 0vbb physics, the NvDEx concept and its advantages, and the schematic design of NvDEx-100, its subsystems, and background and sensitivity estimation.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

A Geometric Blind Source Separation Method Based on Facet Component Analysis

Given a set of mixtures, blind source separation attempts to retrieve the source signals without or with very little information of the the mixing process. We present a geometric approach for blind separation of nonnegative linear mixtures termed {\em facet component analysis} (FCA). The approach is based on facet identification of the underlying cone structure of the data. Earlier works focus on recovering the cone by locating its vertices (vertex component analysis or VCA) based on a mutual sparsity condition which requires each source signal to possess a stand-alone peak in its spectrum. We formulate alternative conditions so that enough data points fall on the facets of a cone instead of accumulating around the vertices. To find a regime of unique solvability, we make use of both geometric and density properties of the data points, and develop an efficient facet identification method by combining data classification and linear regression. For noisy data, we show that denoising methods may be employed, such as the total variation technique in imaging processing, and principle component analysis. We show computational results on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data to substantiate our method.

math.NA↗

arXiv2011

A Sparse Semi-Blind Source Identification Method and Its Application to Raman Spectroscopy for Explosives Detection

Rapid and reliable detection and identification of unknown chemical substances is critical to homeland security. It is challenging to identify chemical components from a wide range of explosives. There are two key steps involved. One is a nondestructive and informative spectroscopic technique for data acquisition. The other is an associated library of reference features along with a computational method for feature matching and meaningful detection within or beyond the library. Recently several experimental techniques based on Raman scattering have been developed to perform standoff detection and identification of explosives, and they prove to be successful under certain idealized conditions. However data analysis is limited to standard least squares method assuming the complete knowledge of the chemical components. In this paper, we develop a new iterative method to identify unknown substances from mixture samples of Raman spectroscopy. In the first step, a constrained least squares method decomposes the data into a sum of linear combination of the known components and a non-negative residual. In the second step, a sparse and convex blind source separation method extracts components geometrically from the residuals. Verification based on the library templates or expert knowledge helps to confirm these components. If necessary, the confirmed meaningful components are fed back into step one to refine the residual and then step two extracts possibly more hidden components. The two steps may be iterated until no more components can be identified. We illustrate the proposed method in processing a set of the so called swept wavelength optical resonant Raman spectroscopy experimental data by a satisfactory blind extraction of a priori unknown chemical explosives from mixture samples.

math.NA↗

arXiv2011

A Semi-Blind Source Separation Method for Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy of Atmospheric Gas Mixtures

Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying trace gases in atmospheric chemistry \cite{Platt_Stutz08}. DOAS spectra consist of a linear combination of complex multi-peak multi-scale structures. Most DOAS analysis routines in use today are based on least squares techniques, for example, the approach developed in the 1970s uses polynomial fits to remove a slowly varying background, and known reference spectra to retrieve the identity and concentrations of reference gases. An open problem is to identify unknown gases in the fitting residuals for complex atmospheric mixtures. In this work, we develop a novel three step semi-blind source separation method. The first step uses a multi-resolution analysis to remove the slow-varying and fast-varying components in the DOAS spectral data matrix $X$. The second step decomposes the preprocessed data $\hat{X}$ in the first step into a linear combination of the reference spectra plus a remainder, or $\hat{X} = A\,S + R$, where columns of matrix $A$ are known reference spectra, and the matrix $S$ contains the unknown non-negative coefficients that are proportional to concentration. The second step is realized by a convex minimization problem $S = \mathrm{arg} \min \mathrm{norm}\,(\hat{X} - A\,S)$, where the norm is a hybrid $\ell_1/\ell_2$ norm (Huber estimator) that helps to maintain the non-negativity of $S$. The third step performs a blind independent component analysis of the remainder matrix $R$ to extract remnant gas components. We first illustrate the proposed method in processing a set of DOAS experimental data by a satisfactory blind extraction of an a-priori unknown trace gas (ozone) from the remainder matrix. Numerical results also show that the method can identify multiple trace gases from the residuals.

math.NA↗

arXiv2010

Signal processing of acoustic signals in the time domain with an active nonlinear nonlocal cochlear model

A two space dimensional active nonlinear nonlocal cochlear model is formulated in the time domain to capture nonlinear hearing effects such as compression, multi-tone suppression and difference tones. The micromechanics of the basilar membrane (BM) are incorporated to model active cochlear properties. An active gain parameter is constructed in the form of a nonlinear nonlocal functional of BM displacement. The model is discretized with a boundary integral method and numerically solved using an iterative second order accurate finite difference scheme. A block matrix structure of the discrete system is exploited to simplify the numerics with no loss of accuracy. Model responses to multiple frequency stimuli are shown in agreement with hearing experiments. A nonlinear spectrum is computed from the model, and compared with FFT spectrum for noisy tonal inputs. The discretized model is efficient and accurate, and can serve as a useful auditory signal processing tool.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2002

KPP Front Speeds in Random Shears and the Parabolic Anderson Problem

We study the asymptotics of front speeds of the reaction-diffusion equations with Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (KPP) nonlinearity and zero mean stationary ergodic Gaussian shear advection on the entire plane. By exploiting connections of KPP front speeds with the almost sure Lyapunov exponents of the parabolic Anderson problem, and with the homogenized Hamiltonians of Hamilton-Jacobi equations, we show that front speeds enhancement is quadratic in the small root mean square (rms) amplitudes of white in time zero mean Gaussian shears, and it grows at the order of the large rms amplitudes. However, front speeds diverge logarithmically if the shears are time independent zero mean stationary ergodic Gaussian fields.

math-ph↗

arXiv2001

Modeling Vocal Fold Motion with a Continuum Fluid Dynamic Model, I. Derivation and Analysis

Vocal fold (VF) motion is fundamental to voice production and diagnosis in speech and health sciences. The motion is a consequence of air flow interacting with elastic vocal fold structures. Motivated by existing lumped mass models and known flow properties, we propose to model the continuous shape of vocal fold in motion by the two dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with an elastic damped driven wave equation on the fold cover. In this paper, instead of pursuing a direct two dimensional numerical simulation, we derive reduced quasi-one-dimensional model equations by averaging two dimensional solutions along the flow cross sections. We then analyze the oscillation modes of the linearized system about a flat fold, and found that the fold motion goes through a Hopf bifurcation into temporal oscillation if the flow energy is sufficient to overcome the damping in the fold consistent with the early models. We also analyze the further reduced system under the quasi-steady approximation and compare the resulting vocal fold equation in the small vibration regime with that of the Titze model. Our model shares several qualitative features with the Titze model yet differs in the specific form of energy input from the air flow to the fold. Numerical issues and results of the quasi-one-dimensional model system will be presented in part II (view resulting web VF animation at http://www.ma.utexas.edu/users/jxin).

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2000

Self-Similar Decay in the Kraichnan Model of a Passive Scalar

We study the two-point correlation function of a freely decaying scalar in Kraichnan's model of advection by a Gaussian random velocity field, stationary and white-noise in time but fractional Brownian in space with roughness exponent $0<ζ<2$, appropriate to the inertial-convective range of the scalar. We find all self-similar solutions, by transforming the scaling equation to Kummer's equation. It is shown that only those scaling solutions with scalar energy decay exponent $a\leq (d/γ)+1$ are statistically realizable, where $d$ is space dimension and $γ=2-ζ$. An infinite sequence of invariants $J_\ell, \ell=0,1,2,...$ is pointed out, where $J_0$ is Corrsin's integral invariant but the higher invariants appear to be new. We show that at least one of the first two invariants, $J_0$ or $J_1$, must be nonzero for realizable initial data. We classify initial data in long-time domains of attraction of the self-similar solutions, based upon these new invariants. Our results support a picture of ``two-scale'' decay with breakdown of self-similarity for a range of exponents $(d+γ)/γ< a < (d+2)/γ,$ analogous to what has recently been found in decay of Burgers turbulence.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1995

Global Large Time Self-similarity of a Thermal-Diffusive Combustion System with Critical Nonlinearity

We study the initial value problem of the thermal-diffusive combustion system: $u_{1,t} = u_{1,x,x} - u_1 u^2_2, u_{2,t} = d u_{2,xx} + u_1 u^2_2, x \in R^1$, for non-negative spatially decaying initial data of arbitrary size and for any positive constant $d$. We show that if the initial data decays to zero sufficiently fast at infinity, then the solution $(u_1,u_2)$ converges to a self-similar solution of the reduced system: $u_{1,t} = u_{1,xx} - u_1 u^2_2, u_{2,t} = d u_{2,xx}$, in the large time limit. In particular, $u_1$ decays to zero like ${\cal O}(t^{-\frac{1}{2}-δ})$, where $δ> 0$ is an anomalous exponent depending on the initial data, and $u_2$ decays to zero with normal rate ${\cal O}(t^{-\frac{1}{2}})$. The idea of the proof is to combine the a priori estimates for the decay of global solutions with the renormalization group (RG) method for establishing the self-similarity of the solutions in the large time limit.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1994

Global Existence and Large Time Asymptotic Bounds of $L^{infty}$ Solutions of Thermal Diffusive Combustion Systems on $R^{n}$

We consider the initial value problem for the thermal-diffusive combustion systems of the form: $u_{1,t}= Delta_{x}u_1 - u_1 u_2^m$, $u_{2,t}= d Delta_{x} u_2 + u_1 u_2^m$, $x in R^{n}$, $n geq 1$, $m geq 1$, $d > 1$, with bounded uniformly continuous nonnegative initial data. For such initial data, solutions can be simple traveling fronts or complicated domain walls. Due to the well-known thermal-diffusive instabilities when $d$, the Lewis number, is sufficiently away from one, front solutions are potentially chaotic. It is known in the literature that solutions are uniformly bounded in time in case $d leq 1$ by a simple comparison argument. In case $d >1$, no comparison principle seems to apply. Nevertheless, we prove the existence of global classical solutions and show that the $L^{infty}$ norm of $u_2$ can not grow faster than $O(log log t)$ for any space dimension. Our main tools are local $L^{p}$ a-priori estimates and time dependent spatially decaying test functions. Our results also hold for the Arrhenius type reactions.

chao-dyn↗