arXiv subjects

J. Yang

Publications and source records attributed to J. Yang.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Extreme magnetoresistance and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in ferromagnetic DySb

The electronic structures of a representative rare earth monopnictide (i.e., DySb) under high magnetic field (i.e., in the ferromagnetic state) are studied from both experimental and theoretical aspects. A non-saturated extremely large positive magnetoresistance (XMR) is observed (as large as 3.7*10^4% at 1.8 K and 38.7 T), along with the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations that are well reproduced by our first principles calculations. Three possible origins of XMR are examined. Although a band inversion is found theoretically, suggesting that DySb might be topologically nontrivial, it is deeply underneath the Fermi level, which rules out a topological nature of the XMR. The total densities of electron-like and hole-like carriers are not fully compensated, showing that compensation is unlikely to account for the XMR. The XMR is eventually understood in terms of high mobility that is associated with the steep linear bands. This discovery is important to the intensive studies on the XMR of rare earth monopnictides.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Evidence for breathing-type pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions in the charge density wave phase of 1$T$-TiSe$_2$

The charge density wave (CDW) phase in 1$T$-TiSe$_2$ is investigated using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and neutron scattering measurements. Our ARPES results reveal a clear temperature dependence of the chemical potential of the system. They also demonstrate specific changes encountered by the Se 4$p$ valence and Ti 3$d$ conduction bands as the temperature of the system is decreased through $T_{\text{CDW}}$. The valence band undergoes a downward shift, whereas the conduction band remains unaffected. The crystal structure in the CDW state shows a distinct split of the Ti-Se atomic correlations that are reminiscent of Jahn-Teller distortions, manifested in a breathing-type mode. The ARPES data together with the local structure analysis support a direct link between Jahn-Teller-like distortions and the CDW order in 1$T$-TiSe$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at redshift 7.5

Quasars are the most luminous non-transient objects known and as a result they enable studies of the Universe at the earliest cosmic epochs. Despite extensive efforts, however, the quasar ULAS J1120+0641 at z=7.09 has remained the only one known at z>7 for more than half a decade. Here we report observations of the quasar ULAS J134208.10+092838.61 (hereafter J1342+0928) at redshift z=7.54. This quasar has a bolometric luminosity of 4e13 times the luminosity of the Sun and a black hole mass of 8e8 solar masses. The existence of this supermassive black hole when the Universe was only 690 million years old---just five percent of its current age---reinforces models of early black-hole growth that allow black holes with initial masses of more than about 1e4 solar masses or episodic hyper-Eddington accretion. We see strong evidence of absorption of the spectrum of the quasar redwards of the Lyman alpha emission line (the Gunn-Peterson damping wing), as would be expected if a significant amount (more than 10 per cent) of the hydrogen in the intergalactic medium surrounding J1342+0928 is neutral. We derive a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen, although the exact fraction depends on the modelling. However, even in our most conservative analysis we find a fraction of more than 0.33 (0.11) at 68 per cent (95 per cent) probability, indicating that we are probing well within the reionization epoch of the Universe.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2018

Orbital selectivity causing anisotropy and particle-hole asymmetry in the charge density wave gap of $2H$-TaS$_2$

We report an in-depth Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study on $2H$-TaS$_2$, a canonical incommensurate Charge Density Wave (CDW) system. This study demonstrates that just as in related incommensurate CDW systems, $2H$-TaSe$_2$ and $2H$-NbSe$_2$, the energy gap ($Δ_{\text{cdw}}\,$) of $2H$-TaS$_2$ is localized along the K-centered Fermi surface barrels and is particle-hole asymmetric. The persistence of $Δ_{\text{cdw}}\,$ even at temperatures higher than the CDW transition temperature $\it{T}_{\text{cdw}}\,$ in $2H$-TaS$_2$, reflects the similar pseudogap (PG) behavior observed previously in $2H$-TaSe$_2$ and $2H$-NbSe$_2$. However, in sharp contrast to $2H$-NbSe$_2$, where $Δ_{\text{cdw}}\,$ is non-zero only in the vicinity of a few "hot spots" on the inner K-centered Fermi surface barrels, $Δ_{\text{cdw}}\,$ in $2H$-TaS$_2$ is non-zero along the entirety of both K-centered Fermi surface barrels. Based on a tight-binding model, we attribute this dichotomy in the momentum dependence and the Fermi surface specificity of $Δ_{\text{cdw}}\,$ between otherwise similar CDW compounds to the different orbital orientations of their electronic states that are involved in CDW pairing. Our results suggest that the orbital selectivity plays a critical role in the description of incommensurate CDW materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Terahertz-based attosecond metrology of relativistic electron beams

Photons, electrons, and their interplay are at the heart of photonic devices and modern instruments for ultrafast science [1-10]. Nowadays, electron beams of the highest intensity and brightness are created by photoemission with short laser pulses, and then accelerated and manipulated using GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The electron beams are utilized to directly map photoinduced dynamics with ultrafast electron scattering techniques, or further engaged for coherent radiation production at up to hard X-ray wavelengths [11-13]. The push towards improved timing precision between the electron beams and pump optical pulses though, has been stalled at the few tens of femtosecond level, due to technical challenges with synchronizing the high power rf fields with optical sources. Here, we demonstrate attosecond electron metrology using laser-generated single-cycle THz radiation, which is intrinsically phase locked to the optical drive pulses, to manipulate multi-MeV relativistic electron beams. Control and single-shot characterization of bright electron beams at this unprecedented level open up many new opportunities for atomic visualization.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2018

Non-stoichiometry effects on the extreme magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetal WTe2

Non-stoichiometry effect on the extreme magnetoresistance is systematically investigated for the Weyl semimetal WTe2. Magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity are measured for the as-grown samples with a slight difference in Te vacancies and the annealed samples with increased Te vacancies. The fittings to a two-carrier model show that the magnetoresistance is strongly dependent on the residual resistivity ratio (i.e., the degree of non-stoichiometry), which is eventually understood in terms of electron doping which not only breaks the balance between electron-type and hole-type carrier densities but also reduces the average carrier mobility. Thus, compensation effect and ultrahigh mobility are probably the main driving force of the extreme magnetoresistance in WTe2.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Lattices With Internal Resonator Defects

We consider a variety of settings involving chains with one or more defects stemming from the introduction of nodes bearing internal resonators. Motivated by experimental results in woodpile elastic lattices with one or two defects, we consider a variety of different theoretical scenarios. These include multi-defect chains and their ability to transmit, reflect, and especially trap energy; they also include settings with linear vs. nonlinear defects of variable interaction exponent. Moreover, they involve defects which are spatially separated and either statically, or more effectively dynamically, enable the confinement of energy between the separated defects. Wherever possible, comparisons of the experiments with numerical simulations, as well as with theoretical intuition are also offered, to provide a justification for the observed findings.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2018

Constraining the radio jet proper motion of the high-redshift quasar J2134-0419 at z=4.3

To date, PMN J2134-0419 (at a redshift z=4.33) is the second most distant quasar known with a milliarcsecond-scale morphology permitting direct estimates of the jet proper motion. Based on two-epoch observations, we constrained its radio jet proper motion using the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. The observations were conducted with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 5 GHz on 1999 November 26 and 2015 October 6. We imaged the central 10-pc scale radio jet emission and modeled its brightness distribution. By identifying a jet component at both epochs separated by 15.86 yr, a proper motion of mu=0.035 +- 0.023 mas/yr is found. It corresponds to an apparent superluminal speed of beta_a=4.1 +- 2.7 c . Relativistic beaming at both epochs suggests that the jet viewing angle with respect to the line of sight is smaller than 20 deg, with a minimum bulk Lorentz factor Gamma=4.3. The small value of the proper motion is in good agreement with the expectations from the cosmological interpretation of the redshift and the current cosmological model. Additionally we analyzed archival Very Large Array observations of J2143-0419 and found indication of a bent jet extending to ~30 kpc.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2018

The correlation of co-located hydrogen masers

The correlation of co-located hydrogen masers (H-masers) is difficult to measure because their common-mode noise induced by the environment will be cancelled out during the comparison measurement. With the development of fibre-based high-precision time and frequency transfer technique, the correlation of co-located hydrogen masers can be directly measured with the help of remote H-masers. Recently, a fiber-based frequency synchronization network was constructed in the Beijing region by connecting 5 H-masers from 4 institutions. The correlation coefficient of atomic clocks is defined and the correlation between two co-located H-masers is measured using both experimental and simulative methods. The results show that the correlation is not prominent until the averaging time is larger than $\sim10^3$s; then, the coefficient grows rapidly for averaging times ranging from $\sim10^3$s to $\sim10^5$s and decreases beyond $\sim10^5$s up to 5 days.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2018

Chandra X-rays from the redshift 7.54 quasar ULAS J1342+0928

We present a 45 ks Chandra observation of the quasar ULAS J1342+0928 at z=7.54. We detect 14.0^{+4.8}_{-3.7} counts from the quasar in the observed-frame energy range 0.5-7.0 keV (6-sigma detection), representing the most distant non-transient astronomical source identified in X-rays to date. The present data are sufficient only to infer rough constraints on the spectral parameters. We find an X-ray hardness ratio of HR = -0.51^{+0.26}_{-0.28} between the 0.5-2.0 keV and 2.0-7.0 keV ranges and derive a power-law photon index of Gamma = 1.95^{+0.55}_{-0.53}. Assuming a typical value for high-redshift quasars of Gamma = 1.9, ULAS J1342+0928 has a 2-10 keV rest-frame X-ray luminosity of L_{2-10} = 11.6^{+4.3}_{-3.5} x 10^{44} erg/s. Its X-ray-to-optical power-law slope is alpha_{OX}=-1.67^{+0.16}_{-0.10}, consistent with the general trend indicating that the X-ray emission in the most bolometrically powerful quasars is weaker relative to their optical emission.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2017

The Most Compact Bright Radio-loud AGN -- II. VLBA Observations of Ten Sources at 43 and 86~GHz

Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), hosting powerful relativistic jet outflows, provide an excellent laboratory for studying jet physics. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) enables high-resolution imaging on milli-arcsecond (mas) and sub-mas scales, making it a powerful tool to explore the inner jet structure, shedding light on the formation, acceleration and collimation of AGN jets. In this paper, we present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of ten radio-loud AGNs at 43 and 86~GHz, which were selected from the {\it Planck} catalogue of compact sources and are among the brightest in published VLBI images at and below 15 GHz. The image noise levels in our observations are typically 0.3 mJy beam$^{-1}$ and 1.5 mJy beam$^{-1}$ at 43 and 86 GHz, respectively. Compared with the VLBI data observed at lower frequencies from the literature, our observations with higher resolution (the highest resolution up to 0.07 mas at 86 GHz and 0.18 mas at 43 GHz) and at higher frequencies detected new jet components at sub-parsec scales, offering valuable data for studies of the physical properties of innermost jets. These include compactness factor of the radio structure (the ratio of core flux density to total flux density), and core brightness temperature ($T_{\rm b}$). In all these sources, the compact core accounts for a significant fraction ($> 60\%$) of the total flux density. Their correlated flux density at the longest baselines is higher than 0.16 Jy. The compactness of these sources make them good phase calibrators of mm-wavelength ground-based and space VLBI.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

Probing the gravitational redshift with an Earth-orbiting satellite

We present an approach to testing the gravitational redshift effect using the RadioAstron satellite. The experiment is based on a modification of the Gravity Probe A scheme of nonrelativistic Doppler compensation and benefits from the highly eccentric orbit and ultra-stable atomic hydrogen maser frequency standard of the RadioAstron satellite. Using the presented techniques we expect to reach an accuracy of the gravitational redshift test of order $10^{-5}$, a magnitude better than that of Gravity Probe A. Data processing is ongoing, our preliminary results agree with the validity of the Einstein Equivalence Principle.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2017

Demonstration of dispersive rarefaction shocks in hollow elliptical cylinder chains

We report an experimental and numerical demonstration of dispersive rarefaction shocks (DRS) in a 3D-printed soft chain of hollow elliptical cylinders. We find that, in contrast to conventional nonlinear waves, these DRS have their lower amplitude components travel faster, while the higher amplitude ones propagate slower. This results in the backward-tilted shape of the front of the wave (the rarefaction segment) and the breakage of wave tails into a modulated waveform (the dispersive shock segment). Examining the DRS under various impact conditions, we find the counter-intuitive feature that the higher striker velocity causes the slower propagation of the DRS. These unique features can be useful for mitigating impact controllably and efficiently without relying on material damping or plasticity effects.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2017

Scaling of Memories and Crossover in Glassy Magnets

Glassiness is ubiquitous and diverse in characteristics in nature. Understanding their differences and classification remains a major scientific challenge. Here, we show that scaling of magnetic memories with time can be used to classify magnetic glassy materials into two distinct classes. The systems studied are high-temperature superconductor-related materials, spin-orbit Mott insulators, frustrated magnets, and dilute magnetic alloys. Our bulk magnetization measurements reveal that most densely populated magnets exhibit similar memory behavior characterized by a relaxation exponent of 1-n ~ 0.6(1). This exponent is different from 1-n ~ 1/3 of dilute magnetic alloys that was ascribed to their hierarchical and fractal energy landscape and is also different from 1-n=1 of the conventional Debye relaxation expected for a spin solid, a state with long range order. Furthermore, our systematic study on dilute magnetic alloys with varying magnetic concentration exhibits crossovers among the two glassy states and spin solid.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv2017

Magnetism in artificial Ruddlesden-Popper iridates leveraged by structural distortions

We report on the tuning of magnetic interactions in superlattices composed of single and bilayer SrIrO$_3$ inter-spaced with SrTiO$_3$. Magnetic scattering shows predominately $c$-axis antiferromagnetic orientation of the magnetic moments for the bilayer justifying these systems as viable artificial analogues of the bulk Ruddlesden-Popper series iridates. Magnon gaps are observed in both superlattices, with the magnitude of the gap in the bilayer being reduced to nearly half that in its bulk structural analogue, Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$. We assign this to modifications in the anisotropic exchange driven by bending of the $c$-axis Ir-O-Ir bond and subsequent local environment changes, as detected by x-ray diffraction and modeled using spin wave theory. These findings explain how even subtle structural modulations driven by heterostructuring in iridates are leveraged by spin orbit coupling to drive large changes in the magnetic interactions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2017

Structural Phase Transition, Antiferromagnetism and Two Superconducting Domes in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$ (0 $< x \leq$ 0.75)

We report $^{75}$As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) / nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$. There are two superconducting domes in this material. The first one appears at 0.03 $\leq$ $x$ $\leq$ 0.2 with $T_{\rm c}$$^{max}$ = 27 K, and the second one at 0.25 $\leq$ $x$ $\leq$ 0.75 with $T_{\rm c}$$^{max}$ = 30 K. By NMR and TEM, we demonstrate that a $C4$-to-$C2$ structural phase transition (SPT) takes place above both domes, with the transition temperature $T_{\rm s}$ varying strongly with $x$. In the first dome, the SPT is followed by an antiferromagnetic (AF) transition, but neither AF order nor low-energy spin fluctuations are found in the second dome. In LaFeAsO$_{0.97}$F$_{0.03}$, we find that AF order and superconductivity coexist microscopically via $^{75}$As nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/$T_1$) measurements. In the coexisting region, 1/$T_1$ decreases at $T_{\rm c}$ but becomes to be proportional to $T$ below 0.6$T_{\rm c}$, indicating gapless excitations. Therefore, in contrast to the early reports, the obtained phase diagram for $x \leq$ 0.2 is quite similar to the doped BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ system. The electrical resistivity in the second dome can be fitted by $ρ= {{ρ}_{0}}+A{{T}^{n}}$ with $n$ = 1 and a maximal coefficient $A$ at around $x_{opt}$ = 0.5$\sim$0.55 where $T_{\rm s}$ extrapolates to zero and $T_{\rm c}$ is the maximal, which suggest the importance of quantum critical fluctuations associated with the SPT. We have constructed a complete phase diagram of LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$, which provides insight into the relationship between SPT, antiferromagnetism and superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2017

Single-dish and VLBI observations of Cygnus X-3 during the 2016 giant flare episode

In September 2016, the microquasar Cygnus X-3 underwent a giant radio flare, which was monitored for 6 days with the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station and the Sardinia Radio Telescope. Long observations were performed in order to follow the evolution of the flare on a hourly scale, covering six frequency ranges from 1.5 GHz to 25.6 GHz. The radio emission reached a maximum of 13.2 +/- 0.7 Jy at 7.2 GHz and 10 +/- 1 Jy at 18.6 GHz. Rapid flux variations were observed at high radio frequencies at the peak of the flare, together with rapid evolution of the spectral index: alpha steepened from 0.3 to 0.6 within 5 hours. This is the first time that such fast variations are observed, giving support to the evolution from optically thick to optically thin plasmons in expansion moving outward from the core. Based on the Italian network (Noto, Medicina and SRT) and extended to the European antennas (Torun, Yebes, Onsala), VLBI observations were triggered at 22 GHz on five different occasions, four times prior to the giant flare, and once during its decay phase. Flux variations of 2-hour duration were recorded during the first session. They correspond to a mini-flare that occurred close to the core ten days before the onset of the giant flare. From the latest VLBI observation we infer that four days after the flare peak the jet emission was extended over 30 mas.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

Effective quantum state reconstruction using compressive sensing in NMR quantum computing

The number of measurements required to reconstruct the states of quantum systems increases exponentially with the quantum system dimensions, which makes the state reconstruction of high-qubit quantum systems have a great challenge in physical quantum computing experiments. Compressive sensing (CS) has been verified as a effective technique in the reconstruction of quantum state, however, it is still unknown that if CS can reconstruct quantum states given the less data measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this paper, we propose an effective NMR quantum state reconstruction method based on CS. Different from the conventional CS-based quantum state reconstruction, our method uses the actual observation data from NMR experiments rather than the data measured by the Pauli operators. We implement measurements on quantum states in practical NMR computing experiments and reconstruct states of 2,3,4 qubits using fewer number of measurements, respectively. The proposed method is easy to implement and performs more efficiently with the increase of the system dimension size. The performance reveals both efficiency and accuracy, which provides an alternative for the quantum state reconstruction in practical NMR.

quant-ph↗