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Jack C. Straton

Publications and source records attributed to Jack C. Straton.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

Indefinite integrals of Bessel and Struve functions with half-integer indices, and incomplete gamma functions with integer indices, all times $Exp(-ax^{2})$ and divided by powers

Indefinite integrals are found for 63 half-integer Bessel and Struve functions, and incomplete gamma functions with integer indices, each multiplied by $Exp(-ax^{2})$ and divided by powers. A series solution is given for the individual terms (of any inverse power) in such functions, split into even and odd portions. Eight integrals are given involving these series.

math.GM

An infinite set of one-range addition theorems without an infinite second series, for Slater orbitals and it derivatives, applicable more than one coordinate system

Addition theorems have been indispensable tools for the reduction of quantum transition amplitudes. They are normally utilized at the start of the process to move the angular dependence within plane waves and Coulomb potentials, and the like, into a sum over Spherical Harmonics that allows the angular integration to be carried out. These have historically been ``two-range'' addition theorems, characterized by the two-fold notation $r_{>}=Max[r_{1},r_{2}]$ and $r_{<}=Min[r_{1},r_{2}]$ and comprising a single infinite series. More recently, ``one-range'' addition theorems have been created that have no such piecewise notation, but at the cost of a second infinite series. We use a very different approach to derive an infinite set of addition theorems for Slater orbitals and its derivatives that retain the one-range variable dependence but have, at worst, a finite second series rather than an infinite one. Also unlike previous addition theorems, they are applicable to more than one coordinate system. One of these addition theorem may also be used for Yukawa-like functions that may appear late in the reduction of amplitude integrals and we show its utility for an integral that has stubbornly defied reduction to analytic form for nearly sixty years.

math.GM

$\,_{3}F_{4}$ hypergeometric functions as a sum of a product of $\,_{2}F_{3}$ functions

This paper shows that certain $\,_{3}F_{4}$ hypergeometric functions can be expanded in sums of pair products of $\,_{1}F_{2}$ functions. In special cases, the $\,_{3}F_{4}$ hypergeometric functions reduce to $\,_{2}F_{3}$ functions. Further special cases allow one to reduce the $\,_{2}F_{3}$ functions to $\,_{1}F_{2}$ functions, and the sums to products of $\,_{0}F_{1}$ (Bessel) and $\,_{1}F_{2}$ functions. This expands the class of hypergeometric functions having summation theorems beyond those expressible as pair-products of generalized Whittaker functions, $\,_{2}F_{1}$ functions, and $\,_{3}F_{2}$ functions into the realm of $\,_{p}F_{q}$ functions where $p<q$ for both the summand and terms in the series.

math.GM

Summed series involving \,_{1}F_{2} hypergeometric functions

In a prior paper we found that the Fourier-Legendre series of a Bessel function of the first kind J_{N}\left(kx\right) and of a modified Bessel functions of the first kind I_{N}\left(kx\right) lead to an infinite set of series involving \,_{1}F_{2} hypergeometric functions (extracted therefrom) that could be summed, having values that are inverse powers of the eight primes 1/\left(2^{i}3^{j}5^{k}7^{l}11^{m}13^{n}17^{o}19^{p}\right) multiplying powers of the coefficient k, for the first 22 terms in each series. The present paper shows how to generate additional, doubly infinite summed series involving \,_{1}F_{2} hypergeometric functions from Chebyshev polynomial expansions of Bessel functions, and trebly infinite sets of summed series involving \,_{1}F_{2} hypergeometric functions from Gegenbauer polynomial expansions of Bessel functions.

math.GM

$\,_{3}F_{4}$ hypergeometric functions as a sum of a product of $\,_{2}F_{3}$ functions

This paper shows that certain $\,_{3}F_{4}$ hypergeometric functions may be expanded in sums of pair products of $\,_{2}F_{3}$ functions. This expands the class of hypergeometric functions having summation theorems beyond those expressible as pair-products of generalized Whittaker functions, $\,_{2}F_{1}$ functions, and $\,_{3}F_{2}$ functions into the realm of $\,_{P}F_{Q}$ functions where $P<Q$ for both the summand and terms in the series. In addition to its intrinsic value, this result has a specific application in calculating the response of the atoms to laser stimulation in the Strong Field Approximation.

math.GM

The Fourier-Legendre series of Bessel functions of the first kind and the summed series involving $\,_{2}F_{3}$ hypergeometric functions that arise from them

The Bessel function of the first kind $J_{N}\left(kx\right)$ is expanded in a Fourier-Legendre series, as is the modified Bessel functions of the first kind $I_{N}\left(kx\right)$. The purpose of these expansions in Legendre polynomials was not an attempt to rival established \emph{numerical methods} for calculating Bessel functions, but to provide a form for $J_{N}\left(kx\right)$ useful for \emph{analytical} work in the area of strong laser fields, where analytical integration over scattering angles is essential. Despite their primary purpose, we can easily truncate the series at 21 terms to provide 33-digit accuracy that matches IEEE extended precision in some compilers. The analytical theme is furthered by showing that infinite series of like-powered contributors (involving $\,_{2}F_{3}$ hypergeometric functions) extracted from the Fourier-Legendre series may be summed, having values that are inverse powers of the eight primes $1/\left(2^{i}3^{j}5^{k}7^{l}11^{m}13^{n}17^{o}19^{p}\right)$ multiplying powers of the coefficient $k$.

math.GM

Integral representations over finite limits for quantum amplitudes

We extend prior work to derive three additional M-1-dimensional integral representations--over the interval $[0,1]$ --for products of M Slater orbitals that allows their magnitudes of coordinate vector differences (square roots of polynomials) $|{\bf x}_{1}-{\bf x}_{2}|=\sqrt{x_{1}^{2}-2x_{1}x_{2}\cosθ+x_{2}^{2}}$ to be moved from disjoint products of functions into a single quadratic form whose square my be completed. This provides more alternatives to Fourier transforms that introduce a 3M-dimensional momentum integral for those products of Slater orbitals, followed by another set of M-1-dimensional integral representations to combine those denominators into one denominator having a single (momentum) quadratic form. The current work is also slightly more compact than Gaussian transforms that introduce an M-dimensional integral for products of M Slater orbitals. We have found that two of these M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval $[0,1]$ are numerically stable, as was the prior version having integrals running over the interval $[0,\infty]$, and one does not need to test for a sufficiently large upper integration limit. For analytical reductions of integrals arising from any of the three, however, there is the possible drawback for large M of there being fewer tabled integrals over $[0,1]$ than over $[0,\infty]$. These representations have integration variables within square roots as arguments of Macdonald functions. In a number of cases, these may be converted to Meijer G-functions for which a single tabled integral exists over the interval $[0,\infty]$ of the prior paper, and from which other forms may be found. Finally, we introduce a fourth integral representation that is not easily generalizable to large M, but may well provide a bridge for finding the requisite integrals for such Meijer G-functions over $[0,1]$.

math.GM

An integral transform for quantum amplitudes

The central impediment to reducing multidimensional integrals of transition amplitudes to analytic form, or at least to a fewer number of integral dimensions, is the presence of magnitudes of coordinate vector differences (square roots of polynomials) $|{\bf x}_{1}-{\bf x}_{2}|^{2}=\sqrt{x_{1}^{2}-2x_{1}x_{2}\cosθ+x_{2}^{2}}$ in disjoint products of functions. Fourier transforms circumvent this by introducing a three-dimensional momentum integral for each of those products, followed in many cases by another set of integral transforms to move all of the resulting denominators into a single quadratic form in one denominator whose square my be completed. Gaussian transforms introduce a one-dimensional integral for each such product while squaring the square roots of coordinate vector differences and moving them into an exponential. Addition theorems may also be used for this purpose, and sometimes direct integration is even possible. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. An alternative integral transform to Fourier transforms and Gaussian transforms is derived herein and utilized. A number of consequent integrals of Macdonald functions, hypergeometric functions, and Meijer G-functions with complicated arguments is given.

math.GM

Clarifying multiple-tip effects on Scanning Tunneling Microscopy imaging of 2D periodic objects and crystallographic averaging in the spatial frequency domain

Crystallographic image processing (CIP) techniques may be utilized in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to glean information that has been obscured by signals from multiple probe tips. This may be of particular importance for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and requires images from a sample that is periodic in two dimensions. The image-forming current for multiple tips in STM is derived in a more straightforward manner than prior approaches. The Fourier spectrum of the current for p4mm Bloch surface wave functions and a pair of delta function tips reveals the tip-separation dependence of various types of image obscurations. In particular our analyses predict that quantum interference should be visible on a macroscopic scale in the form of bands quite distinct from the basket-weave patterns a purely classical model would create at the same periodic double STM tip separations. A surface wave function that models the essential character of highly (0001) oriented pyrolytic graphite (technically known as HOPG) is introduced and used for a similar tip-separation analysis. Using a bonding H_2 tip wave function with significant spatial extent instead of this pair of infinitesimal Dirac delta function tips does not affect these outcomes in any observable way. This is explained by Pierre Curie's well known symmetry principle. Classical simulations of multiple tip effects in STM images may be understood as modeling multiple tip effects in images that were recorded with other types of SPMs). Our analysis clarifies why CIP and crystallographic averaging work well in removing the effects of a blunt SPM tip (that consist of multiple mini-tips) from the recorded 2D periodic images and also outlines the limitations of this image processing techniques for certain spatial separations of STM mini-tips.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Reducing a class of two-dimensional integrals to one-dimension with application to Gaussian Transforms

Quantum theory is awash in multidimensional integrals that contain exponentials in the integration variables, their inverses, and inverse polynomials of those variables. The present paper introduces a means to reduce pairs of such integrals to one dimension when the integrand contains powers times an arbitrary function of xy/(x+y) multiplying various combinations of exponentials. In some cases these exponentials arise directly from transition-amplitudes involving products of plane waves, hydrogenic wave functions, Yukawa and/or Coulomb potentials. In other cases these exponentials arise from Gaussian transforms of such functions.

math.GM