Stochastic many-body perturbation theory for Moir\'e states in twisted bilayer phosphorene
A new implementation of stochastic many-body perturbation theory for periodic 2D systems is presented. The method is used to compute quasiparticle excitations in twisted bilayer phosphorene. Excitation energies are studied using stochastic $G_0W_0$ and partially self-consistent $\bar \Delta GW_0$ approaches. The approach is inexpensive; it is used to study twisted systems with unit cells containing $>2,700$ atoms ($>13,500$ valence electrons), which corresponds to a minimum twisting angle of $\approx 3.1^\circ$. Twisted bilayers exhibit band splitting, increased localization and formation of localized Moir\'e impurity states, as documented by band-structure unfolding. Structural changes in twisted structures lift band degeneracies. Energies of the impurity states vary with the twisting angle due to an interplay between non-local exchange and polarization effects. The mechanisms of quasiparticle energy (de)stabilization due to twisting are likely applicable to a wide range of low-dimensional Moir\'{e} superstructures.