arXiv subjects

Jameel-Un Nabi

Publications and source records attributed to Jameel-Un Nabi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Investigation of important weak interaction nuclei in presupernova evolution

The project aims to investigate most important weak interaction nuclei in the presupernova evolution of massive stars. To achieve the goal, an ensemble containing 728 nuclei in the mass range A = 1--100 was considered. We computed the mass fractions of these nuclei using Saha's equation for predetermined values of \textit{$T$}, \textit{$ρ$} and \textit{$Y_e$} and assuming nuclear statistical equilibrium. The nuclear partition functions were obtained using a newly introduced recipe where excited states, up to 10 $MeV$, were treated as discrete. The weak interaction rates (electron capture (\textit{ec}) and $β$-decay (\textit{bd})) were calculated in a \textit{totally} microscopic fashion using the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model and without assuming the Brink-Axel hypothesis. The calculated rates were coupled with the computed mass fractions to investigate the time rate of change of lepton to baryon fraction of the stellar matter. We compare our results with the previous calculations reported in the literature. Noticeable differences up to orders of magnitude are reported with previous calculations. These differences may influence the evolution of the star in the later stages of presupernova. We present a list of top 50 \textit{ec} and \textit{bd} nuclei which have the largest effect on $Y_e$ for conditions after silicon core burning. The competition between the \textit{ec} and \textit{bd} rates in stellar core was investigated and it was found that $Y_e$ = 0.424--0.455 is the interval where the \textit{bd} results are bigger than the \textit{ec} rates.

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arXiv2019

Reexamination of the $β^+$ decay process of $^{13}\rm{N}$ nucleus

It is known from the scattering theory that the phase-shift of elastic collision does not provide a unique potential to describe the bound state of the two-particle system. The bound state wave function is the most crucial input for various nuclear processes bearing astrophysical significance. In this paper, we emphasize on the important role of the asymptotic normalization coefficients for description of the $^{13}\rm{N}\longrightarrow {^{13}\rm{C}}+β^++ν_e$ reaction. Using experimental data of the elastic scattering phase-shift of proton and neutron on $^{12}\rm{C}$, we find the asymptotic normalization coefficients which determine the tail of the bound state wave functions. This allows us to modify the wave functions of $^{13}\rm{N}$ and $^{13}\rm{C}$ within the single-particle approach using the inverse scattering theory. These wave functions are used to determine the nuclear matrix element for calculation of the half-life and log{\textit ft} values of $β^+$ decay of $^{13}\rm{N}$. The calculated values of the log{\textit ft} and half-life are smaller than the measured values when the single-particle wave functions are employed. Using overlap functions, instead of single-particle functions, we obtain a better comparison. The overlap function is represented as the product of single-particle function and the corresponding spectroscopic factor.

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arXiv2019

Study of the effect of newly calculated phase space factor on beta-decay half-lives

We present results for $β$-decay half-lives based on a new recipe for calculation of phase space factors recently introduced. Our study includes $fp$-shell and heavier nuclei of experimental and astrophysical interests. The investigation of the kinematics of some $β$-decay half-lives is presented, and new phase space factor values are compared with those obtained with previous theoretical approximations. Accurate calculation of nuclear matrix elements is a pre-requisite for reliable computation of $β$-decay half-lives and is not the subject of this paper. This paper explores if improvements in calculating the $β$-decay half-lives can be obtained when using a given set of nuclear matrix elements and employing the new values of the phase space factors. Although the largest uncertainty in half-lives computations come from the nuclear matrix elements, introduction of the new values of the phase space factors may improve the comparison with experiment. The new half-lives are systematically larger than previous calculations and may have interesting consequences for calculation of stellar rates.

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arXiv2017

Algorithm for the asymptotic nuclear coefficients calculations using phase shift data for charged particles scattering

A new algorithm for the asymptotic nuclear coefficients calculation, which we call the $Δ$-method, is proved and developed. This method was proposed in Ref. [O. L. Ramírez Suárez and J.-M. Sparenberg, arXiv: 1602.04082 [nucl-th] (2016)] but no proof was given. We apply it to the bound state situated near the channel threshold when the Sommerfeld parameter is quite large within the experimental energy region. As a result, the value of the conventional effective-range function $K_l(k^2)$ is actually defined by the Coulomb term. One of the resulting effects is the wrong description of energy behavior of the elastic scattering phase shift $δ_l$ reproduced from the fitted total effective-range function $K_l(k^2)$. This leads to an improper value of the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) value. No such problem arises if we fit only the nuclear term. The difference between the total effective-range function and the Coulomb part at real energies is the same as the nuclear term. Then we can proceed using just this $Δ$-method to calculate the pole position values and the ANC. We apply it to the vertices $^4\rm{He}+ {^{12}\rm{C}}\longleftrightarrow {^{16}\rm{O}}$ and $^3\rm{He}+ {^4\rm{He}}\longleftrightarrow {^7\rm{Be}}$. The calculated ANCs can be used to find the radiative capture reaction cross sections of the transfers to the $^{16}\rm{O}$ bound final states as well as to the $^7\rm{Be}\longleftrightarrow {^7\rm{Be}}$. The calculated ANCs can be used to find the radiative capture reaction cross sections of the transfers to the $^{16}\rm{O}$ bound final states as well as to the $^7\rm{Be}$.

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arXiv2017

$β$-decay properties of waiting point nuclei for astrophysical applications

We report microscopic calculation of key $β$-decay properties for some of the crucial waiting point species having neutron closed magic shells 50 and 82. Our calculation bear astrophysical significance vis-á-vis speeding of the $r$-process. The $β$-decay properties include half-lives, energy rates of $β$-delayed neutrons and their emission probabilities, both under terrestrial and stellar conditions. We perform a pn-QRPA calculation with a separable multi-shell interaction and include both allowed and unique first-forbidden (U1F) transitions in our calculation. We compare our results with previous calculations and measured data. Our calculation is in good agreement with the experimental data. For certain cases, we noted a significant decrease in the half-life calculation with the contribution of U1F transitions. This is in contradiction to the shell model study where only for $N$ = 126 waiting-point nuclei, the forbidden transitions were reported to significantly reduce the calculated half-lives. Our model fulfills the Ikeda sum rule for even-even cases. For odd-A cases the rule is violated by up to 15$\%$ for $^{125}$Tc.

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arXiv2016

New phase space calculations for beta-decay half-lives

We revisit the computation of the phase space factors (PSF) involved in the positron decay and electron capture (EC) processes for a large number of nuclei of experimental interest. To obtain the electron/positron wave functions needed in computation, we develop a code for solving accurately the Dirac equation with a nuclear potential derived from a realistic proton density distribution in the nucleus. The finite nuclear size (FNS) and screening effects are included through recipes which differ from those used in previous calculations. Comparing our results with former calculations employing approximate methods but computed with the same Q-values, we find a close agreement for positron decays, while for the EC process there are relevant differences. For the EC process we also find that the screening effect has a notable influence on the computed PSF values specially for light nuclei. Further, we re-computed the same PSF values but using the most recent Q-values reported in literature. In several cases these new Q-values differ significantly from the older ones, which results in large differences in the PSF values as compared with previous results. These new PSF values proposed here, can contribute to a more reliable calculation of the beta decay rates, which are key quantities in the study of nuclei far from the stability line, as well as to better understanding of the stellar evolution.

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arXiv2016

$β$-decay half-lives and nuclear structure of exotic proton-rich waiting point nuclei under $rp$-process conditions

We investigate even-even nuclei in the $A\sim70$ mass region within the framework of the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (\mbox{pn-QRPA}) and the interacting boson model-1 (\mbox{IBM-1}). Our work includes calculation of the energy spectra and the potential energy surfaces $V(β,γ)$ of Zn, Ge, Se, Kr and Sr nuclei with the same proton and neutron number, $N = Z$. The parametrization of the \mbox{IBM-1} Hamiltonian was performed for the calculation of the energy levels in the ground state bands. Geometric shape of the nuclei was predicted by plotting the potential energy surfaces $V(β,γ)$ obtained from the \mbox{IBM-1} Hamiltonian in the classical limit. The \mbox{pn-QRPA} model was later used to compute half-lives of the neutron-deficient nuclei which were found to be in very good agreement with the measured ones. The \mbox{pn-QRPA} model was also used to calculate the Gamow-Teller strength distributions and was found to be in decent agreement with the measured data. We further calculate the electron capture and positron decay rates for these $N$ = $Z$ waiting point (WP) nuclei in the stellar environment employing the \mbox{pn-QRPA} model. For the $rp$-process conditions, our total weak rates are within a factor two compared with the Skyrme HF+BCS+QRPA calculation. All calculated electron capture rates are comparable to the competing positron decay rates under $rp$-process conditions. Our study confirms the finding that electron capture rates form an integral part of the weak rates under $rp$-process conditions and should not be neglected in the nuclear network calculations.

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arXiv2016

Gamow-Teller (GT$\pm$) strength distributions of $^{56}Ni$ for ground and excited states

Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions play an important and consequential role in many astrophysical phenomena. These include, but are not limited to, electron and positron capture rates which determine the fate of massive stars and play an intricate role in the dynamics of core collapse. These $GT_{\pm}$ transitions rates are the significant inputs in the description of supernova explosions. $GT_{\pm}$ strength function values are sensitive to the $^{56}Ni$ core excitation in the middle \textit{pf}-shell region and to the size of the model space as well. We used the pn-QRPA theory for extracting the GT strength for ground and excited states of $^{56}Ni$. We then used these GT strength distributions to calculate the electron \textit{and} positron capture rates which show differences with the earlier calculations. One curious finding of this paper is our enhanced electron capture rates on $^{56}Ni$ at presupernova temperatures. These differences need to be taken into account for the modeling of the early stages of Type II supernova evolution.

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arXiv2016

Gamow-Teller strength distributions and neutrino energy loss rates due to chromium isotopes in stellar matter

Gamow-Teller transitions in isotopes of chromium play a consequential role in the presupernova evolution of massive stars. $β$-decay and electron capture rates on chromium isotopes significantly affect the time rate of change of lepton fraction ($\dot{Y_{e}}$). Fine-tuning of this parameter is one of the key for simulating a successful supernova explosion. The (anti)neutrinos produced as a result of electron capture and $β$-decay are transparent to stellar matter during presupernova phases. They carry away energy and this result in cooling the stellar core. In this paper we present the calculations of Gamow-Teller strength distributions and (anti)neutrino energy loss rates due to weak interactions on chromium isotopes of astrophysical importance. We compare our results with measured data and previous calculations wherever available.

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arXiv2016

First-forbidden transitions and stellar $β$-decay rates of Zn and Ge isotopes

First-forbidden (FF) charge-changing transitions become relatively important for nuclei as their proton number increases. This is because the strength of allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions decreases with increasing Z. The FF transitions play an important role in reducing the half-lives as against those calculated from taking the GT transitions alone into account. In this paper we calculate allowed GT as well as $0^{+} \rightarrow 0^{-}$ and $0^{+} \rightarrow 2^{-}$ transitions for neutron-rich Zn and Ge isotopes. Two different pn-QRPA models were used with a schematic separable interaction to calculate GT and FF transitions. Half-lives calculated after inclusion of FF transitions were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Our calculations were also compared to previous QRPA calculations and were found to be in better agreement with measured data. Stellar $β$-decay rates were calculated for these nuclei including allowed GT and unique FF transitions for astrophysical applications. $^{86,88}$Ge has a sizeable contribution to the total stellar rate from unique FF transitions.

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arXiv2016

First-forbidden $\mathbfβ$-decay rates, energy rates of $β$-delayed neutrons and probability of $β$-delayed neutron emissions for neutron-rich nickel isotopes

First-forbidden (FF) transitions can play an important role in decreasing the calculated half-lives specially in environments where allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions are unfavored. Of special mention is the case of neutron-rich nuclei where, due to phase-space amplification, FF transitions are much favored. We calculate the allowed GT transitions in various pn-QRPA models for even-even neutron-rich isotopes of nickel. Here we also study the effect of deformation on the calculated GT strengths. The FF transitions for even-even neutron-rich isotopes of nickel are calculated assuming the nuclei to be spherical. Later we take into account deformation of nuclei and calculate GT + unique FF transitions, stellar $β$-decay rates, energy rate of $β$-delayed neutrons and probability of $β$-delayed neutron emissions. The calculated half-lives are in excellent agreement with measured ones and might contribute in speeding-up of the $r$-matter flow.

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arXiv2016

Charge-changing transitions and capture strengths of pf-shell nuclei with $T_{z} = -2$ at proton drip-line

Charge-changing transitions, commonly referred to as Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions, and electron capture/$β^{+}$-decay strengths for pf-shell nuclei with $T_{z} = - 2$ at proton drip-line have been calculated using the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model. The total GT$_{+}$ strength values and electron capture/$β^{+}$-decay rates are needed for the study of the late stages of the stellar evolution. The pn-QRPA theory is used for a microscopic calculation of GT strength distribution functions and associated stellar electron capture/$β^{+}$-decay rates of proton-rich pf-shell nuclei with $T_{z} = - 2$ in the mass range 46 $\leq$ A $\leq$ 56 at proton drip-line. Standard quenching factor of 0.74, usually implemented in the shell model calculation, has been incorporated for the comparison with experimental data (wherever available). The calculated GT strength of the two proton-rich nuclei, $^{52}$Ni and $^{56}$Zn are compared with experimental data of corresponding mirror nuclei. It has been found that the pn-QRPA results are in good agreement with the experimental data as well as shell model result. It is noted that the total GT strength increases linearly with the increase of mass number. The electron capture/$β^{+}$-decay rates for proton-rich nuclei are calculated on a temperature and density scale relevant to presupernova evolution of massive stars. The $β^{+}$ decay half-lives are compared with measured and other theoretical calculations.

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arXiv2016

Spin-isospin transitions in chromium isotopes within the quasiparticle random phase approximation

Beta decay and electron capture on isotopes of chromium are advocated to play a key role in the stellar evolution process. In this paper we endeavor to study charge-changing transitions for 24 isotopes of chromium ($^{42-65}$Cr). These include neutron-rich and neutron-deficient isotopes of chromium. Three different models from the QRPA genre, namely the pn-QRPA, the Pyatov method (PM) and the Schematic model (SM), were selected to calculate and study the Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in chromium isotopes. The SM was employed separately in the particle-particle ($pp$) and $pp$ + particle-hole ($ph$) channels. To study the effect of deformation, the SM was first used assuming the nuclei to be spherical and later to be deformed. The PM was used both in $pp$ and $pp$ + $ph$ channels but only for the case of spherical nuclei. The pn-QRPA calculation was done by considering both $pp$ and $ph$ forces and taking deformation of nucleus into consideration. A recent study proved this version of pn-QRPA to be the best for calculation of GT strength distributions amongst the QRPA models. The pn-QRPA model calculated GT distributions had low-lying centroids and small widths as compared to other QRPA models. Our calculation results were also compared with other theoretical models and measurements wherever available. Our results are in decent agreement with previous measurements and shell model calculations.

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arXiv2014

Electron capture strength on odd-A nucleus $\mathbf{^{59}}$Co in explosive astrophysical environment

The Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions within massive stars play sumptuous role in the dynamics of core collapse supernovae. GT strength distributions and electron capture rates have been calculated for odd-A nucleus $^{59}$Co within the proton-neutron quasiparticles random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) formalism. The pn-QRPA results are compared with other model calculations and (n, p) reaction experiment carried out at TRIUMF charge-exchange facility. The pn-QRPA calculated a total $B(GT_{+})$ strength of 3.3 for $^{59}$Co to be compared with the shell model value of 2.5 and the 1.9 $\pm$ 0.1 in the (n, p) charge-exchange reaction. Aufderheide et. al. \cite{Aufderheide93} extracted total strength equaling 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. The placement of GT centroid at 5.6 MeV by the pn-QRPA model is in reasonable agreement with the shell model centroid at 5.1 MeV whereas the measured GT centroid was placed at 4.4 $\pm$ 0.3 MeV in the (n, p) experiment. Fuller, Fowler and Newman (FFN) \cite{FFN80, FFN82, FFN82b}, placed the GT centroid at too low excitation energy of 2.0 MeV in the daughter nucleus $^{59}$Fe, and this misplacement led to the enhancement of FFN rates. The suppressed pn-QRPA and shell model electron capture rates are in good agreement with each other. The rates are suggestive of higher value of $Y_{e}$ (electron-to-baryon ratio) and may contribute to a more massive homologously collapsing core resulting in a more energetic shock. It might be interesting for the simulators to check the effect of these suppressed rates on the fine-tuning of the time rate of $Y_{e}$, the concomitant heavy element nucleosynthesis, and, on the energetics of the subsequent shock wave.

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arXiv2014

Study of Gamow-Teller transitions in isotopes of titanium within the quasi particle random phase approximation

The Gamow-Teller (GT) transition is inarguably one of the most important nuclear weak transitions of the spin-isosopin $στ$ type. It has many applications in nuclear and astrophysics. These include, but are not limited to, r-process $β$-decays, stellar electron captures, neutrino cooling rates, neutrino absorption and inelastic scattering on nuclei. The quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) is an efficient way to generate GT strength distribution. In order to better understand both theoretical systematics and uncertainties, we compare the GT strength distributions, centroid and width calculations for $^{40-60}$Ti isotopes, using the pn-QRPA, Pyatov method (PM) and the Schematic model (SM). The pn-QRPA and SM are further sub-divided into three categories in order to highlight the role of particle-particle (pp) force and deformation of the nucleus in the GT strength calculations. In PM, we study only the influence of the pp force in the calculation. We also compare with experimental results and other calculations where available. We found that the inclusion of pp force and deformation significantly improves the performance of SM and pn-QRPA models. Incorporation of pp force leads to pinning down the centroid value in the PM. The calculated GT strength functions using the pn-QRPA (C) and SM (C) models are in reasonable agreement with measured data.

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arXiv2014

The Nuclear Structure and Associated Electron Capture Rates on Odd-Z Nucleus $^{51}$V in Stellar Matter

The Gamow-Teller strength distribution function, B(GT), for the odd Z parent $^{51}$V, $N-Z$ =5, up to 30 MeV of excitation energy in the daughter $^{51}$Ti is calculated in the domain of proton-neutron Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (pn-QRPA) theory. The pn-QRPA results are compared against other theoretical calculations, (n, p) and high resolution (d, $^{2}$He) reaction experiments. For the case of (d, $^{2}$He) reaction the calibration was performed for $0\leq E_{j} \leq 5.0$ MeV, where the authors stressed that within this excitation energy range the $ΔL = 0$ transition strength can be extracted with high accuracy for $^{51}$V. Within this energy range the current pn-QRPA total B(GT) strength 0.75 is in good agreement with the (d, $^{2}$He) experiment's total strength of 0.9 $\pm$ 0.1. The pn-QRPA calculated Gamow-Teller centroid at 4.20 MeV in daughter $^{51}$Ti is also in good agreement with high resolution (d, $^{2}$He) experiment which placed the Gamow-Teller centroid at 4.1 $\pm$ 0.4 MeV in daughter $^{51}$Ti. The low energy detailed Gamow-Teller structure and Gamow-Teller centroid play a sumptuous role in associated weak decay rates and consequently affect the stellar dynamics. The stellar weak rates are sensitive to the location and structure of these low-lying states in daughter $^{51}$Ti. The calculated electron capture rates on $^{51}$V in stellar matter are also in good agreement with the large scale shell model rates.

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arXiv2014

Nuclear inputs of key iron isotopes for core-collapse modeling and simulation

From the modeling and simulation results of presupernova evolution of massive stars, it was found that isotopes of iron, $^{54,55,56}$Fe, play a significant role inside the stellar cores, primarily decreasing the electron-to-baryon ratio ($Y_{e}$) mainly via electron capture processes thereby reducing the pressure support. The neutrinos produced, as a result of these capture processes, are transparent to the stellar matter and assist in cooling the core thereby reducing the entropy. The structure of the presupernova star is altered both by the changes in $Y_{e}$ and the entropy of the core material. Here we present the microscopic calculation of Gamow-Teller strength distributions for isotopes of iron. The calculation is also compared with other theoretical models and experimental data. Presented also are stellar electron capture rates and associated neutrino cooling rates, due to isotopes of iron, in a form suitable for simulation and modeling codes. It is hoped that the nuclear inputs presented here should assist core-collapse simulators in the process of fine-tuning of the $Y_{e}$ parameter during various phases of presupernova evolution of massive stars. A reliable and accurate time evolution of this parameter is a possible key to generate a successful explosion in modeling of core-collapse supernovae.

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arXiv2014

The estimation of neutrino flux produced by $\mathbf{pep}$ reactions in the Sun

The experimental result of the solar neutrino flux at one AU produced by the $p+p+e \rightarrow d+ν_e$ reaction (\textit{pep}) was announced for the first time in 2012 by the Borexino collaboration. This neutrino flux was significantly greater than the flux predicted by Bahcall and May, who used two body approaches for calculation of this reaction. We have used the three-body model for the proton-proton-electron system in the continuous spectrum of energy to determine the rate of the \textit{pep} reaction and have estimated the neutrino flux. Our result of the neutrino flux is 25-40\% more than the Bachall \textit{et al.} value and depends on the shape of nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) potential. Moreover, the calculated flux lies within the confidence interval of the experimental data in the case of pure attractive potentials as well as potential having repulsion at small distances between nucleons.

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