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James M. Cline

Publications and source records attributed to James M. Cline.

191 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
arXiv1997

Supersymmetric Electroweak Phase Transition: Dimensional Reduction versus Effective Potential

We compare two methods of analyzing the finite-temperature electroweak phase transition in the minimal supersymmetric standard model: the traditional effective potential (EP) approach, and the more recently advocated procedure of dimensional reduction (DR). The latter tries to avoid the infrared instabilities of the former by matching the full theory to an effective theory that has been studied on the lattice. We point out a limitation of DR that caused a large apparent disagreement with the effective potential results in our previous work. We also incorporate wave function renormalization into the EP, which is shown to decrease the strength of the phase transition. In the regions of parameter space where both methods are expected to be valid, they give similar results, except that the EP is significantly more restrictive than DR for the range of baryogenesis-allowed values of $\tanβ$, $m_h$, the critical temperature, and the up-squark mass parameter $m_U$. In contrast, the DR results are consistent with $2\lsim\tanβ\lsim 4$, $m_h<80$ GeV, and $m_U$ sufficiently large to have universality of the squark soft-breaking masses at the GUT scale, in a small region of parameter space. We suggest that the differences between DR and EP are due to higher-order perturbative corrections rather than infrared effects.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1996

Supersymmetric Electroweak Phase Transition: Beyond Perturbation Theory

We compute the three-dimensional effective action for the minimal supersymmetric standard model, which describes the light modes of the theory near the finite-temperature electroweak phase transition, keeping the one-loop corrections from the third generation quarks and squarks. Using the lattice results of Kajantie {\it et al.}\ for the phase transition in the same class of 3-D models, we find that the strength of the phase transition is sufficient for electroweak baryogenesis, in much broader regions of parameter space than have been indicated by purely perturbative analyses. In particular we find that, while small values of $\tanβ$ are favored, positive results persist even for arbitrarily large values of $\tanβ$ if the mass of the $A^0$ boson is between 40 and 120 GeV, a region of parameters which has not been previously identified as being favorable for electroweak baryogenesis.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1996

R_b Problem: Loop Contributions and Supersymmetry

I summarize a part of the work done with Bamert, Burgess, London and Nardi (hep-ph/9602438) in which we find simplified expressions for the possible one-loop contributions to the $R_b$ parameter from new virtual particles, including supersymmetric ones. Our expressions make it easier to identify which models and choices of parameters are best able to solve the $R_b$ problem.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1995

Creating Matter at the Electroweak Phase Transition

I summarize recent results (work done in collaboration with Kimmo Kainulainen and Axel Vischer) in which we make quantitative predictions for the baryon asymmetry of the universe in the charge transport mechanism of electroweak baryogenesis. Making favorable assumptions about the unknown quantities relevant to the problem, we find that the mechanism is marginally capable of creating a baryon asymmetry as large as that observed. (Talk presented at Great Lakes Cosmology Workshop, Case Western Reserve University, and at MRST `95, University of Rochester, May 6-8, 1995.)

hep-ph↗
arXiv1995

Diffusion and Debye Screening Near Expanding Domain Walls

We study the effect of Debye screening of hypercharge when a net fermion number is reflected from a domain wall during a first order phase transition, which may be relevant for electroweak baryogenesis. We give a simple method for computing the effect of screening within the diffusion approximation, whose results are compatible with those of a more elaborate treatment based on the Boltzmann equation. Our formalism takes into account the differences in mobility of different particle species. We believe it is conceptually simpler than other accounts of screening that have appeared in this context. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that Debye screening can actually {\it enhance} electroweak baryogenesis by a modest factor ($\sim 2$).

hep-ph↗
arXiv1994

Quark Diffusion and Baryogenesis at the Electroweak Phase Transition

Baryogenesis at the electroweak phase transition may take place through CP-violating reflections of quarks from expanding bubbles of the broken symmetry phase. We formulate and approximately solve the transport equations for the reflected quark asymmetries. The results are comparable to a previous Monte Carlo calculation and allow for analytic estimates of the baryon asymmetry $ΔB$ when the bubble walls have a small velocity. Our method predicts no velocity-dependence for $ΔB$ in the small $v$ limit, unlike results obtained from a simplified treatment based on the diffusion equation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1994

Protecting the Primordial Baryon Asymmetry From Erasure by Sphalerons

If the baryon asymmetry of the universe was created at the GUT scale, sphalerons together with exotic sources of $(B-L)$-violation could have erased it, unless the latter satisfy stringent bounds. We elaborate on how the small Yukawa coupling of the electron drastically weakens previous estimates of these bounds.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1993

Stability of Neutrinos in the Singlet Majoron Model

We show that there is no one-loop enhancement of the rate for a light neutrino to decay into a lighter neutrino plus a majoron, contrary to a recent claim. Thus the light neutrinos must satisfy the cosmological bound of having masses less than 35 eV in the singlet majoron model, or else violate the constraint imposed by galaxy formation. In the latter case, $ν_τ$ could have a mass between 40 and 500 keV, while satisfying all other cosmological constraints.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1993

Constraints on Majoron Models, Neutrino Masses and Baryogenesis

We derive strong contraints on the Yukawa couplings and the vacuum expectation value in the singlet majoron model, taking into account the possibility of a small gravitationally induced mass for the majoron. If the present baryon asymmetry was created earlier than at the electroweak phase transition, then to preserve it from the combined effects of lepton number violating interactions and electroweak sphalerons, we find that stringent constraints on the Yukawa couplings, $h < 10^{-7}$, and the majoron scale, $v_s < v_{EW}$, must be satisfied. We also carefully rederive baryogenesis bounds on neutrino masses, finding that in general they apply not to the masses themselves, but only to related parameters, and they are numerically somewhat less stringent than has previously been claimed.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1992

New Neutrino Physics Without Fine Tuning

We show how a 17 keV neutrino, the solar neutrino problem, and the atmospheric muon-neutrino deficit could all be the low-energy residues of the same pattern of lepton-number breaking at and above the weak scale, with no requirement for fine-tuning a symmetry-breaking scale at lower energies. Talk given at ``Beyond the Standard Model III'', Carleton University, June 1992.

hep-ph↗