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Jami J. Kinnunen

Publications and source records attributed to Jami J. Kinnunen.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

Non-Equilibrium Sock Dynamics: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Agitated Wash

It is a universal empirical observation that socks become unpaired in the laundry. We propose a quasiparticle theory of sock dynamics in which individual socks are modelled as bosonic excitations of the agitated laundry condensate. The sock dispersion relation is material-dependent: nondispersive materials retain their shape, while dispersive materials give rise to the well-documented phenomenon of sock shrinkage. In the convex regions of the dispersive spectrum, socks undergo Beliaev decay and spontaneously split into two lower-momentum socks, while in the concave regions the dominant process is Landau-Khalatnikov scattering, which degrades socks into lint and loose threads. In addition, the rotating drum creates sock-antisock pairs from the laundry vacuum via the dynamical Casimir effect. The coexistence of these creation and destruction channels gives rise to a fundamental ambiguity: an unpaired sock at the end of a wash cycle is equally consistent with the destruction of its partner or the spontaneous creation of an entirely new sock.

quant-ph↗

Attraction of a jerk

Jerk plays a pivotal role in the thrilling experience of many amusemement park rides. In addition to exploring the physical aspect of jerks, we tackle the empirical observation of an attractive force between passengers in the popular attraction, the spinning teacups. By modeling the complex system of rotating platforms, we show that pseudotorques induced by changing acceleration lead to jerky movements and an attractive interaction among riders. Our numerical analysis confirms the empirical observations, highlighting the connection between attraction and jerks.

physics.class-ph↗

Why is there no Poisson spot in a solar eclipse?

The Poisson spot is a fascinating lecture demonstration. Its simple explanation can lead to further questions, not only the one posed in the title, but also questions such as why the simple model that considers only light passing just outside the spherical object is successful. The Huygens-Fresnel diffraction model is applied to answer these questions.

physics.ed-ph↗

Unobserving the Moon: the spurious possibility of orbital decoupling due to solar neutrino Arago spot

The Arago spot is an intensity maximum at the center of a shadow created by constructive interference of diffracted waves around a spherical object. While the study of diffraction patterns usually concerns visible light, de Broglie's wave nature of matter makes diffraction theory applicable for particles, such as neutrinos, as well. During a solar eclipse, some of the neutrinos emitted by the Sun are diffracted by the Moon, resulting in a diffraction pattern that can be observed on Earth. In this paper we consider the theoretically emerging solar neutrino Arago spot as a means to measure the location of the Moon with high accuracy and consider its implication on the orbit of the Moon given Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Our results indicate that the Moon is not at immediate risk of orbital decoupling due to the observation of a solar neutrino Arago spot.

quant-ph↗

Light-induced topological superconductivity in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host deeply bound excitons interacting with itinerant electrons, and as such they represent an exciting new quantum many-body Bose-Fermi mixture. Here, we demonstrate that electrons interacting with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of exciton-polaritons can realise a two-dimensional topological $p_x+ip_y$ superconductor. Using strong coupling Eliashberg theory, we show that this is caused by an attractive interaction mediated by the BEC, which overcompensates the repulsive Coulomb interaction between the electrons. The hybrid light-matter nature of the BEC is crucial for achieving this, since it can be used to reduce retardation effects and increase the mediated interaction in regimes important for pairing. We finally show how the great flexibility of TMDs allows one to tune the critical temperature of the topological superconducting phase to be within experimental reach.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Excitation Spectrum and Superfluid Gap of an Ultracold Fermi Gas

Ultracold atomic gases are a powerful tool to experimentally study strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. In particular, ultracold Fermi gases with tunable interactions have allowed to realize the famous BEC-BCS crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid of weakly bound Cooper pairs. However, large parts of the excitation spectrum of fermionic superfluids in the BEC-BCS crossover are still unexplored. In this work, we use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the full momentum-resolved low-energy excitation spectrum of strongly interacting ultracold Fermi gases. This enables us to directly observe the smooth transformation from a bosonic to a fermionic superfluid that takes place in the BEC-BCS crossover. We also use our spectra to determine the evolution of the superfluid gap and find excellent agreement with previous experiments and self-consistent T-matrix calculations both in the BEC and crossover regime. However, towards the BCS regime a calculation that includes the effects of particle-hole correlations shows better agreement with our data.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

The Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state for ultracold fermions in lattice and harmonic potentials: a review

We review the concepts and the present state of theoretical studies of spin-imbalanced superfluidity, in particular the elusive Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, in the context of ultracold quantum gases. The comprehensive presentation of the theoretical basis for the FFLO state that we provide is useful also for research on the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in other physical systems. We focus on settings that have been predicted to be favourable for the FFLO state, such as optical lattices in various dimensions and spin-orbit coupled systems. These are also the most likely systems for near-future experimental observation of the FFLO state. Theoretical bounds, such as Bloch's and Luttinger's theorems, and experimentally important limitations, such as finite-size effects and trapping potentials, are considered. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of the various ideas presented for the observation of the FFLO state. We conclude our review with an analysis of the open questions related to the FFLO state, such as its stability, superfluid density, collective modes and extending the FFLO superfluid concept to new types of lattice systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Manipulating multimer propagation using lattice modulation

We propose a scheme for controlling the movement of dimers, trimers, and other multimers in optical lattices by modulating the lattice potential. In deep optical lattices the propagation of deeply bound atomic clusters is slowed down by the high energy cost of virtual intermediate states. Adapting the well-known method of lattice modulation spectroscopy, the movement of the clusters can be made resonant by utilizing sequences of bound-bound transitions. Using the scheme, the mobility of each specific cluster can be selectively controlled by tuning the modulation frequency. We formulate a simple and intuitive model and confirm the validity of the model by numerical simulations of dimers and trimers in a one-dimensional optical lattice.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Induced $p$-wave pairing in Bose-Fermi mixtures

Cooper pairing caused by an induced interaction represents a paradigm in our description of fermionic superfluidity. Here, we present a strong coupling theory for the critical temperature of $p$-wave pairing between spin polarised fermions immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The fermions interact via the exchange of phonons in the condensate, and our self-consistent theory takes into account the full frequency/momentum dependence of the resulting induced interaction. We demonstrate that both retardation and self-energy effects are important for obtaining a reliable value of the critical temperature. Focusing on experimentally relevant systems, we perform a systematic analysis varying the boson-boson and boson-fermion interaction strength as well as their masses, and identify the most suitable system for realising a $p$-wave superfluid. Our results show that such a superfluid indeed is experimentally within reach using light bosons mixed with heavy fermions.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Goldstone mode and pair-breaking excitations in atomic Fermi superfluids

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a central paradigm of elementary particle physics, magnetism, superfluidity and superconductivity. According to Goldstone's theorem, phase transitions that break continuous symmetries lead to the existence of gapless excitations in the long-wavelength limit. These Goldstone modes generally dominate the low-energy excitations, showing that symmetry breaking has a profound impact on the physical properties of matter. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of the elementary excitations in a homogeneous strongly interacting Fermi gas through the crossover from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules using two-photon Bragg spectroscopy. The spectra exhibit a discrete Goldstone mode, associated with the broken symmetry superfluid phase, as well as pair breaking single-particle excitations. Our techniques yield a direct determination of the superfluid pairing gap and speed of sound in close agreement with a strong-coupling theory.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Dynamical symmetry and pair tunneling in a one-dimensional Bose gas colliding with a mobile impurity

Using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TDMRG) we theoretically study the collision of a one-dimensional gas of interacting bosons with an impurity trapped in a shallow box potential. We study the dynamic response of both the impurity and the bosonic gas and find an approximate independence of the sign of the interaction (attractive or repulsive) between the impurity and the bosons. This sign-independence breaks down when the interaction energy is of the same order as the box potential depth, leading to resonant pair tunneling. Our predictions can be tested using contemporary techniques with ultracold atoms.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Momentum-resolved spectroscopy of a Fermi liquid

We consider a recent momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy experiment, in which Fermi liquid properties of a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas were studied. Here we show that by extending the Brueckner-Goldstone model, we can formulate a theory that goes beyond basic mean-field theories and that can be used for studying spectroscopies of dilute atomic gases in the strongly interacting regime. The model hosts well-defined quasiparticles and works across a wide range of temperatures and interaction strengths. The theory provides excellent qualitative agreement with the experiment. Comparing the predictions of the present theory with the mean-field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory yields insights into the role of pair correlations, Tan's contact, and the Hartree mean-field energy shift.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Quench-induced delocalization

We consider the evolution of an initially localized wave packet after a sudden change in the Hamiltonian, i.e.\ a quench. When both bound and scattering eigenstates exist in the post-quench Hamiltonian, one might expect partial delocalization of the wave packet to ensue. Here we show that if the quench consists of a sudden switching-off of short-range inter-particle interactions, then Tan's universal relations guarantee delocalization through the high-momentum tail of the momentum distribution. Furthermore, we consider the influence of the range of the interaction and show how a finite range alters the coupling to highly excited states. We illustrate our results using numerical simulations of externally trapped particles in one dimension. If the external potential is both disordered and correlated, then the interaction quench leads to transport via delocalized states, showing that localization in disordered systems is sensitive to non-adiabatic changes in the interactions between particles.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

One-dimensional Fermi polaron in a combined harmonic and periodic potential

We study an impurity in a one-dimensional potential consisting of a harmonic and a periodic part using both the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm and a variational ansatz. Attractive and repulsive contact interactions with a sea of fermions are considered. We find excellent agreement between TEBD and variational results and use the variational ansatz to investigate higher lattice bands. We conclude that the lowest band approximation fails at sufficiently strong interactions and develop a new method for computing the Tan contact parameter.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Delocalization of ultracold atoms in a disordered potential due to light scattering

We numerically study the expansion dynamics of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional disordered potential in the presence of a weak position measurement of the atoms. We specifically consider this position measurement to be realized by a combination of an external laser and a periodic array of optical microcavities along a waveguide. The position information is acquired through the scattering of a near-resonant laser photon into a specific eigenmode of one of the cavities. The time evolution of the atomic density in the presence of this light scattering mechanism is described within a Lindblad master equation approach, which is numerically implemented using the Monte Carlo wave function technique. We find that an arbitrarily weak rate of photon emission leads to a breakdown of Anderson localization of the atoms.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗