arXiv subjects

Jan Fuhrmann

Publications and source records attributed to Jan Fuhrmann.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

A mechanistic model to assess the effectiveness of test-trace-isolate-and-quarantine under limited capacities

Diagnostic testing followed by isolation of identified cases with subsequent tracing and quarantine of close contacts - often referred to as test-trace-isolate-and-quarantine (TTIQ) strategy - is one of the cornerstone measures of infectious disease control. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that an appropriate response to outbreaks requires us to be aware about the effectiveness of such containment strategies. This can be evaluated using mathematical models. We present a delay differential equation model of TTIQ interventions for infectious disease control. Our model incorporates a detailed mechanistic description of the state-dependent dynamics induced by limited TTIQ capacities. In addition, we account for transmission during the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including presymptomatic transmission, which may be particularly adverse to a TTIQ based control. Numerical experiments, inspired by the early spread of COVID-19 in Germany, reveal the effectiveness of TTIQ in a scenario where immunity within the population is low and pharmaceutical interventions are absent - representative of a typical situation during the (re-)emergence of infectious diseases for which therapeutic drugs or vaccines are not yet available. Stability and sensitivity analyses emphasize factors, partially related to the specific disease, which impede or enhance the success of TTIQ. Studying the diminishing effectiveness of TTIQ along simulations of an epidemic wave we highlight consequences for intervention strategies.

q-bio.PE↗

arXiv2021

A double critical mass phenomenon in a no-flux-Dirichlet Keller-Segel system

Derived from a biophysical model for the motion of a crawling cell, the system \[(*)~\begin{cases}u_t=Δu-\nabla\cdot(u\nabla v)\\0=Δv-kv+u\end{cases}\] is investigated in a finite domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq2$, with $k\geq0$. While a comprehensive literature is available for cases with $(*)$ describing chemotaxis systems and hence being accompanied by homogeneous Neumann-type boundary conditions, the presently considered modeling context, besides yet requiring the flux $\partial_νu-u\partial_νv$ to vanish on $\partialΩ$, inherently involves homogeneous Dirichlet conditions for the attractant $v$, which in the current setting corresponds to the cell's cytoskeleton being free of pressure at the boundary. This modification in the boundary setting is shown to go along with a substantial change with respect to the potential to support the emergence of singular structures: It is, inter alia, revealed that in contexts of radial solutions in balls there exist two critical mass levels, distinct from each other whenever $k>0$ or $n\geq3$, that separate ranges within which (i) all solutions are global in time and remain bounded, (ii) both global bounded and exploding solutions exist, or (iii) all nontrivial solutions blow up in finite time. While critical mass phenomena distinguishing between regimes of type (i) and (ii) belong to the well-understood characteristics of $(*)$ when posed under classical no-flux boundary conditions in planar domains, the discovery of a distinct secondary critical mass level related to the occurrence of (iii) seems to have no nearby precedent. In the planar case with the domain being a disk, the analytical results are supplemented with some numerical illustrations, and it is discussed how the findings can be interpreted biophysically for the situation of a cell on a flat substrate.

math.AP↗

arXiv2018

Nonlinear waves and polarization in diffusive directed particle flow

We consider a system of two reaction-diffusion-advection equations describing the one dimensional directed motion of particles with superimposed diffusion and mutual alignment. For this system we show the existence of traveling wave solutions for weak diffusion by singular perturbation techniques and provide evidence for their existence also for stronger diffusion. We discuss different types of wave fronts and their composition to more complex patterns and illustrate their emergence from generic initial data by simulations. We also investigate the dependence of the wave velocities on the model parameters.

math.AP↗

arXiv2017

Bifurcation of traveling waves in a Keller-Segel type free boundary model of cell motility

We study a two-dimensional free boundary problem that models motility of eukaryotic cells on substrates. This problem consists of an elliptic equation describing the flow of cytoskeleton gel coupled with a convection-diffusion PDE for the density of myosin motors. The two key properties of this problem are (i) presence of the cross diffusion as in the classical Keller-Segel problem in chemotaxis and (ii) nonlinear nonlocal free boundary condition that involves curvature of the boundary. We establish the bifurcation of the traveling waves from a family of radially symmetric steady states. The traveling waves describe persistent motion without external cues or stimuli which is a signature of cell motility. We also prove existence of non-radial steady states. Existence of both traveling waves and non-radial steady states is established via Leray-Schauder degree theory applied to a Liouville-type equation (which is obtained via a reduction of the original system) in a free boundary setting.

math.AP↗