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Jan Troost

Publications and source records attributed to Jan Troost.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

The Topological Symmetric Orbifold

We analyse topological orbifold conformal field theories on the symmetric product of a complex surface M. By exploiting the mathematics literature we show that a canonical quotient of the operator ring has structure constants given by Hurwitz numbers. This proves a conjecture in the physics literature on extremal correlators. Moreover, it allows to leverage results on the combinatorics of the symmetric group to compute more structure constants explicitly. We recall that the full orbifold chiral ring is given by a symmetric orbifold Frobenius algebra. This construction enables the computation of topological genus zero and genus one correlators, and to prove the vanishing of higher genus contributions. The efficient description of all topological correlators sets the stage for a proof of a topological AdS/CFT correspondence. Indeed, we propose a concrete mathematical incarnation of the proof, relating Gromow-Witten theory in the bulk to the quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme on the boundary.

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Lie Algebra Fermions

We define a supersymmetric quantum mechanics of fermions that take values in a simple Lie algebra. We summarize what is known about the spectrum and eigenspaces of the Laplacian which corresponds to the Koszul differential d. Firstly, we concentrate on the zero eigenvalue eigenspace which coincides with the Lie algebra cohomology. We provide physical insight into useful tools to compute the cohomology, namely Morse theory and the Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence. We list explicit generators for the Lie algebra cohomology ring. Secondly, we concentrate on the eigenspaces of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics with maximal eigenvalue at given fermion number. These eigenspaces have an explicit description in terms of abelian ideals of a Borel subalgebra of the simple Lie algebra. We also introduce a model of Lie algebra valued fermions in two dimensions, where the spaces of maximal eigenvalue acquire a cohomological interpretation. Our work provides physical interpretations of results by mathematicians, and simplifies the proof of a few theorems. Moreover, we recall that these mathematical results play a role in pure supersymmetric gauge theory in four dimensions, and observe that they give rise to a canonical representation of the four-dimensional chiral ring.

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Liouville Quantum Gravity

We define a three-dimensional quantum theory of gravity as the holographic dual of the Liouville conformal field theory. The theory is consistent and unitary by definition. The corresponding theory of gravity with negative cosmological constant has peculiar properties. The quantum theory has no normalisable AdS3 vacuum. The model contains primary black holes with zero spin. All states can be interpreted as black holes dressed with boundary gravitons. There is a unique universal interaction between these states consistent with unitarity and the conformal symmetry of the model. This theory of gravity, though conceptually isolated from other models of quantum gravity, is worth scrutinising.

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Pure and Twisted Holography

We analyse a simple example of a holographically dual pair in which we topologically twist both theories. The holography is based on the two-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Liouville conformal field theory that defines a unitary bulk quantum supergravity theory in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The supersymmetric version of three-dimensional Liouville quantum gravity allows for a topological twist on the boundary and in the bulk. We define the topological bulk supergravity theory in terms of twisted boundary conditions. We corroborate the duality by calculating the chiral configurations in the bulk supergravity theory and by quantising the solution space. Moreover, we note that the boundary calculation of the structure constants of the chiral ring carries over to the bulk theory as well. We thus construct a topological AdS/CFT duality in which the bulk theory is independent of the boundary metric.

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Topological Open/Closed String Dualities: Matrix Models and Wave Functions

We sharpen the duality between open and closed topological string partition functions for topological gravity coupled to matter. The closed string partition function is a generalised Kontsevich matrix model in the large dimension limit. We integrate out off-diagonal degrees of freedom associated to one source eigenvalue, and find an open/closed topological string partition function, thus proving open/closed duality. We match the resulting open partition function to the generating function of intersection numbers on moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces with boundaries and boundary insertions. Moreover, we connect our work to the literature on a wave function of the KP integrable hierarchy and clarify the role of the extended Virasoro generators that include all time variables as well as the coupling to the open string observable.

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Topological Gravity with Non-Compact Matter

We couple twisted non-compact N=(2,2) supersymmetric models to topological gravity in two dimensions. We propose expressions for the genus zero correlation functions based on a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili integrable hierarchy. Moreover, we prove recursion relations satisfied by the topological gravity amplitudes at all genera and compute characteristic critical exponents. We discuss the extent to which moving beyond the N=2 central charge barrier opens a window on two-dimensional gravity with central charge larger than one.

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A Duality in Two-Dimensional Gravity

We demonstrate an equivalence between two integrable flows defined in a polynomial ring quotiented by an ideal generated by a polynomial. This duality of integrable systems allows us to systematically exploit the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy and its tau-function to propose amplitudes for non-compact topological gravity on Riemann surfaces of arbitrary genus. We thus quantise topological gravity coupled to non-compact topological matter and demonstrate that this phase of topological gravity at N=2 matter central charge larger than three is equivalent to the phase with matter of central charge smaller than three.

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Twisted Massive Non-Compact Models

We study interacting massive N=(2,2) supersymmetric field theories in two dimensions which arise from deforming conformal field theories with a continuous spectrum. Firstly, we deform N=2 superconformal Liouville theory with relevant operators, and twist the theory into a topological quantum field theory. These theories can be thought of as twisted Landau-Ginzburg models with negative power superpotential. We determine the structure constants of the chiral ring and therefore all correlators of these topological quantum field theories. We provide general formulas for the deformed operators of given charge as well as explicit solutions to the WDVV equations. Secondly, we analyze the topological anti-topological sector of the theory. We compute the metric at the conformal point through localization. Moreover, we show that the topological-anti-topological fusion differential equations on the metric in a family of non-compact theories takes the affine Toda form. The metric as a function of the family of theories is identical to the metric in certain deformed compact models. For a negative cubic power Landau-Ginzburg superpotential, for instance, it is governed by the Painlevé III differential equation.

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The Conformal Characters

We revisit the study of the multiplets of the conformal algebra in any dimension. The theory of highest weight representations is reviewed in the context of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category of modules. The Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials code the relation between the Verma modules and the irreducible modules in the category and are the key to the characters of the conformal multiplets (whether finite dimensional, infinite dimensional, unitary or non-unitary). We discuss the representation theory and review in full generality which representations are unitarizable. The mathematical theory that allows for both the general treatment of characters and the full analysis of unitarity is made accessible. A good understanding of the mathematics of conformal multiplets renders the treatment of all highest weight representations in any dimension uniform, and provides an overarching comprehension of case-by-case results. Unitary highest weight representations and their characters are classified and computed in terms of data associated to cosets of the Weyl group of the conformal algebra. An executive summary is provided, as well as look-up tables up to and including rank four.

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An Elliptic Triptych

We clarify three aspects of non-compact elliptic genera. Firstly, we give a path integral derivation of the elliptic genus of the cigar conformal field theory from its non-linear sigma-model description. The result is a manifestly modular sum over a lattice. Secondly, we discuss supersymmetric quantum mechanics with a continuous spectrum. We regulate the theory and analyze the dependence on the temperature of the trace weighted by the fermion number. The dependence is dictated by the regulator. From a detailed analysis of the dependence on the infrared boundary conditions, we argue that in non-compact elliptic genera right-moving supersymmetry combined with modular covariance is anomalous. Thirdly, we further clarify the relation between the flat space elliptic genus and the infinite level limit of the cigar elliptic genus.

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On the gl(1|1) Wess-Zumino-Witten Model

We continue the study of the gl(1|1) Wess-Zumino-Witten model. The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations for the one, two, three and four point functions are analyzed, for vertex operators corresponding to typical and projective representations. We illustrate their interplay with the logarithmic global conformal Ward identities. We compute the four point function for one projective and three typical representations. Three coupled first order Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations are integrated consecutively in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions, and we assemble the solutions into a local correlator. Moreover, we prove crossing symmetry of the four point function of four typical representations at generic momenta. Throughout, the map between the gl(1|1) Wess-Zumino-Witten model and symplectic fermions is exploited and extended.

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Permutations of Massive Vacua

We discuss the permutation group G of massive vacua of four-dimensional gauge theories with N=1 supersymmetry that arises upon tracing loops in the space of couplings. We concentrate on superconformal N=4 and N=2 theories with N=1 supersymmetry preserving mass deformations. The permutation group G of massive vacua is the Galois group of characteristic polynomials for the vacuum expectation values of chiral observables. We provide various techniques to effectively compute characteristic polynomials in given theories, and we deduce the existence of varying symmetry breaking patterns of the duality group depending on the gauge algebra and matter content of the theory. Our examples give rise to interesting field extensions of spaces of modular forms.

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The Arithmetic of Supersymmetric Vacua

We provide explicit formulas for the number of vacua of four-dimensional pure N=1 super Yang-Mills theories on a circle, with any simple gauge algebra and any choice of center and spectrum of line operators. These form a key ingredient in the semi-classical calculation of the number of massive vacua of N=1* gauge theories with gauge algebra su(n) compactified on a circle. Using arithmetic, we express that number in an SL(2,Z) duality invariant manner. We confirm our tally of massive vacua of the N=1* theories by a count of inequivalent extrema of the exact superpotential. Furthermore, we compute a formula for a refined index that distinguishes massive vacua according to their unbroken discrete gauge group.

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Exact WKB Analysis of N = 2 Gauge Theories

We study N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with gauge group SU(2) coupled to fundamental flavours, covering all asymptotically free and conformal cases. We re-derive, from the conformal field theory perspective, the differential equations satisfied by omega deformed instanton partition functions. We confirm their validity at leading order in one of the deformation parameters via a saddle-point analysis of the partition function. In the semi-classical limit we show that these differential equations take a form amenable to exact WKB analysis. We compute the monodromy group associated to the differential equations in terms of deformed and Borel resummed Seiberg-Witten data. For each case, we study pairs of Stokes graphs that are related by flips and pops, and show that the monodromy groups allow one to confirm the Stokes automorphisms that arise as the phase of the deformation parameter is varied. Finally, we relate the Borel resummed monodromies with the traditional Seiberg-Witten variables in the semi-classical limit.

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On the N=1* Gauge Theory on a Circle and Elliptic Integrable Systems

We continue our study of the N=1* supersymmetric gauge theory and its relation to elliptic integrable systems. Upon compactification on a circle, we show that the semi-classical analysis of the massless and massive vacua depends on the classification of nilpotent orbits, as well as on the conjugacy classes of the component group of their centralizer. We demonstrate that semi-classically massless vacua can be lifted by Wilson lines in unbroken discrete gauge groups. The pseudo-Levi subalgebras that play a classifying role in the nilpotent orbit theory are also key in defining generalized Inozemtsev limits of (twisted) elliptic integrable systems. We illustrate our analysis in the N=1* theories with gauge algebras su(3), su(4), so(5) and for the exceptional gauge algebra G2. We map out modular duality diagrams of the massive and massless vacua. Moreover, we provide an analytic description of the branches of massless vacua in the case of the su(3) and the so(5) theory. The description of these branches in terms of the complexified Wilson lines on the circle invokes the Eichler-Zagier technique for inverting the elliptic Weierstrass function. After fine-tuning the coupling to elliptic points of order three, we identify the Argyres-Douglas singularities of the su(3) theory.

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The Covariant Chiral Ring

We construct a covariant generating function for the spectrum of chiral primaries of symmetric orbifold conformal field theories with N=(4,4) supersymmetry in two dimensions. For seed target spaces K3 and T4, the generating functions capture the SO(21) and SO(5) representation theoretic content of the chiral ring respectively. Via string dualities, we relate the transformation properties of the chiral ring under these isometries of the moduli space to the Lorentz covariance of perturbative string partition functions in flat space.

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Counting the Massive Vacua of N=1* Super Yang-Mills Theory

We compute the number of massive vacua of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory mass-deformed to preserve N=1 supersymmetry, for any gauge group G. We use semi-classical techniques and efficiently reproduce the known counting for A,B and C-type gauge groups, present the generating function for both O(2n) and SO(2n), and compute the supersymmetric index for gauge groups of exceptional type. A crucial role is played by the classification of nilpotent orbits, as well as global properties of their centralizers. We give illustrative examples of new features of our analysis for the D-type algebras.

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Pure N=2 Super Yang-Mills and Exact WKB

We apply exact WKB methods to the study of the partition function of pure N=2 epsilon_i-deformed gauge theory in four dimensions in the context of the 2d/4d correspondence. We study the partition function at leading order in epsilon_2/epsilon_1 (i.e. at large central charge) and in an expansion in epsilon_1. We find corrections of the form ~ exp[- SW periods / epsilon_1] to this expansion. We attribute these to the exchange of the order of summation over gauge instanton number and over powers of epsilon_1 when passing from the Nekrasov form of the partition function to the topological string theory inspired form. We conjecture that such corrections should be computable from a worldsheet perspective on the partition function. Our results follow upon the determination of the Stokes graphs associated to the Mathieu equation with complex parameters and the application of exact WKB techniques to compute the Mathieu characteristic exponent.

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