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Jason Aebischer

Publications and source records attributed to Jason Aebischer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

SMEFT ATLAS of $ΔF=2$ Transitions

We present a model-independent anatomy of the $ΔF=2$ transitions $K^0-\bar K^0$, $B_{s,d}-\bar B_{s,d}$ and $D^0-\bar D^0$ in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We present two master formulae for the mixing amplitude $\big[M_{12} \big]_\text{BSM}$. One in terms of the Wilson coefficients (WCs) of the Low-Energy Effective Theory (LEFT) operators evaluated at the electroweak scale $μ_\text{ew}$ and one in terms of the WCs of the SMEFT operators evaluated at the BSM scale $Λ$. The coefficients $P_a^{ij}$ entering these formulae contain all the information below the scales $μ_\text{ew}$ and $Λ$, respectively. Renormalization group effects from the top-quark Yukawa coupling play the most important role. The collection of the individual contributions of the SMEFT operators to $\big[M_{12}\big]_\text{BSM}$ can be considered as the SMEFT ATLAS of $ΔF=2$ transitions and constitutes a travel guide to such transitions far beyond the scales explored by the LHC. We emphasize that this ATLAS depends on whether the down-basis or the up-basis for SMEFT operators is considered. We illustrate this technology with tree-level exchanges of heavy gauge bosons ($Z^\prime$, $G^\prime$) and corresponding heavy scalars.

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Another SMEFT Story: $Z^\prime$ Facing New Results on $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, $ΔM_K$ and $K\toπν\barν$

Recently the RBC-UKQCD lattice collaboration presented new results for the hadronic matrix elements relevant for the ratio $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the Standard Model (SM). With the present knowledge of the Wilson coefficients and isospin breaking effects there is still much room for new physics (NP) contributions to $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ which could both enhance or suppress this ratio to agree with the data. The new SM value for the $K^0-\bar K^0$ mass difference $ΔM_K$ from RBC-UKQCD is on the other hand by $2σ$ above the data hinting for NP required to suppress $ΔM_K$. Simultaneously the most recent results for $K^+\rightarrowπ^+ν\barν$ from NA62 and for $K_{L}\rightarrowπ^0ν\barν$ from KOTO still allow for significant NP contributions. We point out that the suppression of $ΔM_K$ by NP requires the presence of new CP-violating phases with interesting implications for $K\toπν\barν$, $K_S\toμ^+μ^-$ and $K_L\toπ^0\ell^+\ell^-$ decays. Considering a $Z^\prime$-scenario within the SMEFT we analyze the dependence of all these observables on the size of NP still allowed by the data on $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$. The NP QCD penguin scenario for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ is excluded by SMEFT renormalization group effects in $\varepsilon_K$ so that NP effects in $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ are governed by electroweak penguins. We also investigate for the first time whether the presence of a heavy $Z^\prime$ with flavour violating couplings could generate through top Yukawa renormalization group effects FCNCs mediated by the SM $Z$-boson. The outcome turns out to be very interesting.

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Flavour Violating Effects of Yukawa Running in SMEFT

We study Yukawa Renormalization Group (RG) running effects in the context of the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT).The Yukawa running being flavour dependent leads to RG-induced off-diagonal entries, so that initially diagonal Yukawa matrices at the high scale have to be rediagonalized at the electroweak (EW) scale. Performing such flavour rotations can lead to flavour violating operators which differ from the ones obtained through SMEFT RG evolution. We show, that these flavour rotations can have a large impact on low-energy phenomenology. In order to demonstrate this effect, we compare the two sources of flavour violation numerically as well as analytically and study their influence on several examples of down-type flavour transitions. For this purpose we consider $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing, $b\to sγ$, $b\to s \ell \ell$ as well as electroweak precision observables. We show that the rotation effect can be comparable or even larger than the contribution from pure RGE evolution of the Wilson coefficients.

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$\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the Standard Model at the Dawn of the 2020s

We reanalyse the ratio $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the Standard Model (SM) using most recent hadronic matrix elements from the RBC-UKQCD collaboration in combination with most important NNLO QCD corrections to electroweak penguin contributions and the isospin-breaking corrections. We illustrate the importance of the latter by using their latest estimate from chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) based on the $octet$ approximation for lowest-lying mesons and a very recent estimate in the $nonet$ scheme that takes into account the contribution of $η_0$. We find $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)^{(8)}_\text{SM} = (17.4 \pm 6.1) \times 10^{-4}$ and $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)^{(9)}_\text{SM} = (13.9 \pm 5.2) \times 10^{-4}$, respectively. Despite a very good agreement with the measured value $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{exp} = (16.6 \pm 2.3) \times 10^{-4}$, the large error in $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{SM}$ still leaves room for significant new physics (BSM) contributions to this ratio. We update the 2018 master formula for $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{BSM}$ valid in any extension beyond the SM without additional light degrees of freedom. We provide new values of the penguin parameters $B_6^{(1/2)}(μ)$ and $B_8^{(3/2)}(μ)$ at the $μ$-scales used by the RBC-UKQCD collaboration and at lower scales $\mathcal{O}(1\,\text{GeV})$ used by ChPT and DQCD. We present semi-analytic formulae for $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{SM}$ in terms of these parameters and $\hatΩ_\text{eff}$ that summarizes isospin-breaking corrections to this ratio. We stress the importance of lattice calculations of the $\mathcal{O}(α_\text{em})$ contributions to the hadronic matrix elements necessary for the removal of renormalization scheme dependence at $\mathcal{O}(α_\text{em})$ in the present analyses of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$.

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On the Importance of NNLO QCD and Isospin-breaking Corrections in $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$

Following the 1999 analysis of Gambino, Haisch and one of us, we stress that all the recent NLO analyses of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the Standard Model (SM) suffer from the renormalization scheme dependence present in the electroweak penguin contributions as well as from scale uncertainties in them related to the matching scale $μ_W$ and in particular to $μ_t$ in $m_t(μ_t)$. We also reemphasize the important role of isospin-breaking and QED effects in the evaluation of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$. Omitting all these effects, as done in the 2015 analysis by RBC-UKQCD collaboration, and choosing as an example the QCD penguin ($Q_6$) and electroweak penguin ($Q_8$) parameters $B_6^{(1/2)}$ and $B_8^{(3/2)}$ to be $B_6^{(1/2)} = 0.80 \pm 0.08$ and $B_8^{(3/2)} = 0.76 \pm 0.04$ at $μ= m_c = 1.3$ GeV, we find $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{SM} = (9.4 \pm 3.5) \times 10^{-4}$, whereas including them results in $(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon)_\text{SM} = (5.6\pm 2.4) \times 10^{-4}$. This is an example of an anomaly at the $3.3\,σ$ level, which would be missed without these corrections. NNLO QCD contributions to QCD penguins are expected to further enhance this anomaly. We provide a table for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ for different values of $B_6^{(1/2)}$ and the isospin-breaking parameter $\hatΩ_\text{eff}$, that should facilitate monitoring the values of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the SM when the RBC-UKQCD calculations of hadronic matrix elements including isospin-breaking corrections and QED effects will improve with time.

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Quark-Lepton Connections in $Z^\prime$ Mediated FCNC Processes: Gauge Anomaly Cancellations at Work

We consider scenarios with a heavy $Z^\prime$ gauge boson with flavour non-universal quark and lepton couplings with the goal to illustrate how the cancellation of gauge anomalies generated by the additional U(1)$^\prime$ gauge symmetry would imply correlations between FCNC processes in the quark sector, in the lepton sector and most interestingly between quark flavour and lepton flavour violating processes. We present scenarios with only left-handed flavour-violating $Z^\prime$ couplings and those with also right-handed flavour-violating couplings. These are characterized by a small number of free parameters but in contrast to gauge anomaly cancellation in the Standard Model, that takes place separately within each generation, in our scenarios anomaly cancellation involves simultaneously quarks and leptons of all three generations. Our models involve, beyond the ordinary quarks and leptons, three heavy right-handed neutrinos. The models with only left-handed FCNCs of $Z^\prime$ involve beyond $g_{Z^\prime}$ and $M_{Z^\prime}$ two real parameters characterizing the charges of all fermions under the U(1)$^\prime$ gauge symmetry and the CKM and PMNS ones in the quark and lepton sectors, respectively. The models with the right-handed FCNCs of $Z^\prime$ involve few additional parameters. Imposing constraints from well measured $ΔF=2$ observables we identify interesting correlations that involve e.g. $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, $B_{s,d}\toμ^+μ^-$, $B\to K(K^*) \ell^+\ell^-$, $K^+\rightarrowπ^+ν\barν$, $K_{L}\rightarrowπ^0ν\barν$ and purely lepton flavour violating decays like $μ\to eγ$, $μ\to 3 e$, $τ\to 3μ$ and $μ-e$ conversion} among others. Also $(g-2)_{μ,e}$ are considered. The impact of the experimental $μ\to eγ$, $μ\to 3 e$ and in particular $μ-e$ conversion bounds on rare $K$ and $B$ decays is emphasized.

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Computing Tools for the SMEFT

The increasing interest in the phenomenology of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), has led to the development of a wide spectrum of public codes which implement automatically different aspects of the SMEFT for phenomenological applications. In order to discuss the present and future of such efforts, the "SMEFT-Tools 2019" Workshop was held at the IPPP Durham on the 12th-14th June 2019. Here we collect and summarize the contents of this workshop.

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Master formula for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ beyond the Standard Model

We present for the first time a master formula for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, the ratio probing direct CP violation in $K \to ππ$ decays, valid in any theory beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The formula makes use of hadronic matrix elements of BSM operators calculated recently in the Dual QCD approach and the ones of the SM operators from lattice QCD. We emphasize the large impact of several scalar and tensor BSM operators in the context of the emerging $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ anomaly. We have implemented the results in the open source code flavio.

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Anatomy of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ beyond the Standard Model

We present for the first time a model-independent anatomy of the ratio $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the context of the $ΔS = 1$ effective theory with operators invariant under QCD and QED and in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with the operators invariant under the full SM gauge group. Our goal is to identify the new physics scenarios that are probed by this ratio and which could help to explain a possible deviation from the SM that is hinted by the data. To this end we derive a master formula for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, which can be applied to any theory beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in which the Wilson coefficients of all contributing operators have been calculated at the electroweak scale. The relevant hadronic matrix elements of BSM operators are from the Dual QCD approach and the SM ones from lattice QCD. Within SMEFT, the constraints from $K^0$ and $D^0$ mixing as well as electric dipole moments limit significantly potential new physics contributions to $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$. Correlations of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ with $K\toπν\barν$ decays are briefly discussed. Building on our EFT analysis and the model-independent constraints, we discuss implications of a possible deviation from the SM in $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ for model building, highlighting the role of the new scalar and tensor matrix elements in models with scalar mediators.

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B-decay discrepancies after Moriond 2019

Following the updated measurement of the lepton flavour universality (LFU) ratio R_K in B -> Kll decays by LHCb, as well as a number of further measurements, e.g. R_K* by Belle and B_s -> mu mu by ATLAS, we analyse the global status of new physics in b -> s transitions in the weak effective theory at the b-quark scale, in the Standard Model effective theory at the electroweak scale, and in simplified models of new physics. We find that the data continues to strongly prefer a solution with new physics in semi-leptonic Wilson coefficients. A purely muonic contribution to the combination C_9 = -C_10, well suited to UV-complete interpretations, is now favoured with respect to a muonic contribution to C_9 only. An even better fit is obtained by allowing an additional LFU shift in C_9. Such a shift can be renormalization-group induced from four-fermion operators above the electroweak scale, in particular from semi-tauonic operators, able to account for the potential discrepancies in b -> c transitions. This scenario is naturally realized in the simplified U_1 leptoquark model. We also analyse simplified models where a LFU effect in b -> sll is induced radiatively from four-quark operators and show that such a setup is on the brink of exclusion by LHC di-jet resonance searches.

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A Global Likelihood for Precision Constraints and Flavour Anomalies

We present a global likelihood function in the space of dimension-six Wilson coefficients in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). The likelihood includes contributions from flavour-changing neutral current B decays, lepton flavour universality tests in charged- and neutral-current B and K decays, meson-antimeson mixing observables in the K, B, and D systems, direct CP violation in K -> ππ, charged lepton flavour violating B, tau, and muon decays, electroweak precision tests on the Z and W poles, the anomalous magnetic moments of the electron, muon, and tau, and several other precision observables, 265 in total. The Wilson coefficients can be specified at any scale, with the one-loop running above and below the electroweak scale automatically taken care of. The implementation of the likelihood function is based on the open source tools flavio and wilson as well as the open Wilson coefficient exchange format (WCxf) and can be installed as a Python package. It can serve as a basis either for model-independent fits or for testing dynamical models, in particular models built to address the anomalies in B physics. We discuss a number of example applications, reproducing results from the EFT and model building literature.

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BSM Hadronic Matrix Elements for $ε'/ε$ and $K\toππ$ Decays in the Dual QCD Approach

We calculate for the first time all four-quark hadronic matrix elements of local operators possibly contributing to $K\toππ$ decays and in particular to the ratio $ε'/ε$ beyond the Standard Model (BSM). To this end we use the Dual QCD (DQCD) approach. In addition to 7 new mirror operators obtained from the SM ones by flipping the chirality, we count 13 BSM four-quark operators of a given chirality linearly independent of each other and of the aforesaid 14 operators for which hadronic matrix elements are already known. We present results in two bases for all these operators, one termed DQCD basis useful for the calculation of the hadronic matrix elements in the DQCD approach and the other called SD basis suited to the short distance renormalization group evolution above the 1~GeV scale. We demonstrate that the pattern of long distance evolution (meson evolution) matches the one of short distance evolution (quark-gluon evolution), a property which to our knowledge cannot be presently achieved in any other analytical framework. The highlights of our paper are chirally enhanced matrix elements of tensor-tensor and scalar-scalar BSM operators. They could thereby explain the emerging $ε'/ε$ anomaly which is strongly indicated within DQCD with some support from lattice QCD. On the other hand we do not expect the BSM operators to be relevant for the $ΔI=1/2$ rule.

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Wilson: a Python package for the running and matching of Wilson coefficients above and below the electroweak scale

Wilson is a Python library for matching and running Wilson coefficients of higher-dimensional operators beyond the Standard Model. Provided with the numerical values of the Wilson coefficients at a high new physics scale, it automatically performs the renormalization group evolution within the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), matching onto the weak effective theory (WET) at the electroweak scale, and QCD/QED renormalization group evolution below the electroweak scale down to hadronic scales relevant for low-energy precision tests. The matching and running encompasses the complete set of dimension-six operators in both SMEFT and WET. The program builds on the Wilson coefficient exchange format (WCxf) and can thus be easily combined with a number of existing public codes.

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$\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in and beyond the Standard Model

Estimates of the CP violating observable $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ have gained some attention in the past few years. Depending on the long-distance treatment used, they exhibit up to $2.9σ$ deviation from the experimentally measured value. Such a deviation motivates the investigation of New Physics (NP) effects in the process $K\toππ$. In my talk I will review the Standard Model (SM) prediction for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, with a special focus on the Dual QCD approach. On the NP side, I will discuss a recent computation of the hadronic matrix elements of NP operators. Furthermore a master formula for BSM effects in $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ is presented. Finally, a treatment of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ using the SM effective theory (SMEFT) will be discussed together with possible correlations to other observables.

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QCD Improved Matching for Semi-Leptonic B Decays with Leptoquarks

Leptoquarks (LQs) provide very promising solutions to the tensions between the experimental measurements and the SM predictions of $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ and $b\to cτν$ processes. In this case the LQ masses are in general at the TeV scale and they can thus be produced at high energy colliders and dedicated LHC searches are ongoing. While for LQ production and decay the $O(α_s)$ corrections have been known for a long time, the $O(α_s)$ corrections to the matching on 2-quark-2-lepton operators have not been calculated, yet. In this article we close this gap by computing the QCD corrections to the matching of LQ models on the effective SM Lagrangian for both scalar and vector LQs. We find an enhancement of the Wilson coefficients of vector operators with respect to the tree-level results of around 8 % (13 %) if they originate from scalar (vector) LQs. This softens the LHC bounds and increases the allowed parameter space of LQ models addressing the flavour anomalies.

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Matching of gauge invariant dimension 6 operators for $b\to s$ and $b\to c$ transitions

New physics realized above the electroweak scale can be encoded in a model independent way in the Wilson coefficients of higher dimensional operators which are invariant under the Standard Model gauge group. In this article, we study the matching of the $SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ gauge invariant dim-6 operators on the standard $B$ physics Hamiltonian relevant for $b \to s$ and $b\to c$ transitions. The matching is performed at the electroweak scale (after spontaneous symmetry breaking) by integrating out the top quark, $W$, $Z$ and the Higgs particle. We first carry out the matching of the dim-6 operators that give a contribution at tree level to the low energy Hamiltonian. In a second step, we identify those gauge invariant operators that do not enter $b \to s$ transitions already at tree level, but can give relevant one-loop matching effects.

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WCxf: an exchange format for Wilson coefficients beyond the Standard Model

We define a data exchange format for numerical values of Wilson coefficients of local operators parameterising low-energy effects of physics beyond the Standard Model. The format facilitates interfacing model-specific Wilson coefficient calculators, renormalisation group (RG) runners, and observable calculators. It is designed to be unambiguous (defining a non-redundant set of operators with fixed normalisation in each basis), extensible (allowing the addition of new EFTs or bases by the user), and robust (being based on industry standard file formats with parsers implemented in many programming languages). We have implemented the format for the Standard Model EFT (SMEFT) and for the weak effective theory (WET) below the electroweak scale and have added interfaces to a number of public codes dealing with SMEFT or WET. We also provide command-line utilities and a Python module for convenient manipulation of WCxf files, including translation between different bases and matching from SMEFT to WET.

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B physics Beyond the Standard Model at One Loop: Complete Renormalization Group Evolution below the Electroweak Scale

General analyses of $B$-physics processes beyond the Standard Model require accounting for operator mixing in the renormalization-group evolution from the matching scale down to the typical scale of $B$ physics. For this purpose the anomalous dimensions of the full set of local dimension-six operators beyond the Standard Model are needed. We present here for the first time a complete and non-redundant set of dimension-six operators relevant for $B$-meson mixing and decay, together with the complete one-loop anomalous dimensions in QCD and QED. These results are an important step towards the automation of general New Physics analyses.

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