arXiv subjects

Jenő Szirmai

Publications and source records attributed to Jenő Szirmai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

New Lower Bounds for Optimal Horoball Packing Density in Hyperbolic $n$-space for $6 \leq n \leq 9$

Koszul type Coxeter simplex tilings exist in hyperbolic $n$-space $\mathbb{H}^n$ up to $ n = 9$, and their horoball packings achieve the highest known regular ball packing densities for $n = 3, 4, 5$. In this paper we determine the optimal horoball packing densities of Koszul simplex tilings in dimensions $6 \leq n \leq 9$, which give new lower bounds for optimal packing density in each dimension. The symmetries of the packings are given by Coxeter simplex groups, and a parameter related to the Busemann function gives an isometry invariant description of different optimal horoball packing configurations.

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arXiv2021

Optimal ball and horoball packings generated by $3$-dimensional simply truncated Coxeter orthoschemes with parallel faces

In this paper we consider the ball and horoball packings belonging to $3$-dimensional Coxeter tilings that are derived by simply truncated orthoschemes with parallel faces. The goal of this paper to determine the optimal ball and horoball packing arrangements and their densities for all above Coxeter tilings in hyperbolic 3-space $\mathbb{H}^3$. The centers of horoballs are required to lie at ideal vertices of the polyhedral cells constituting the tiling, and we allow horoballs of different types at the various vertices. We prove that the densest packing of the above cases is realized by horoballs related to $\{\infty;3;6;\infty \}$ and $\{\infty;6;3;\infty \}$ tilings with density $\approx 0.8413392$.

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arXiv2021

Coverings with congruent and non-congruent hyperballs generated by doubly truncated Coxeter orthoschemes

After the investigation of the congruent and non-congruent hyperball packings related to doubly truncated Coxeter orthoscheme tilings \cite{SzJ1}, we consider the corresponding covering problems. In \cite{MSSz} the authors gave a partial classification of supergroups of some hyperbolic space groups whose fundamental domains will be integer parts of truncated tetrahedra, and determined the optimal congruent hyperball packing and covering configurations belonging to some of these classes. In this paper we compliment these results with the investigation of the non-congruent covering cases, and the remainig congruent cases. We prove, that between congruent and non-congruent hyperball coverings the thinnest belongs to the $\{7,3,7\}$ Coxeter tiling with density $\approx 1.26829$. This covering density is smaller than the conjectured lower bound density of L.~Fejes~Tóth for coverings with balls and horoballs. We also study the local packing arrangements related to $\{u,3,7\}$ $(6< u < 7, ~ u\in \mathbb{R})$ doubly truncated orthoschemes and the corresponding hyperball coverings. We prove, that these coverings are achieved their minimum density at parameter $u\approx 6.45953$ with covering density $\approx 1.26454$ which is smaller then the above record-small density, but this hyperball arrangement related to this locally optimal covering can not be extended to the entire $\mathbb{H}^3$. Moreover we see, that in the hyperbolic plane $\mathbb{H}^2$ the universal lower bound of the congruent circle, horocycle, hypercycle covering density $\frac{\sqrt{12}}π$ can be approximated arbitrarily well also with non-congruent hypercycle coverings generated by doubly truncated Coxeter orthoschemes.

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arXiv2020

Apollonius surfaces, circumscribed spheres of tetrahedra, Menelaus' and Ceva's theorems in $\SXR$ and $\HXR$ geometries

In the present paper we study $\SXR$ and $\HXR$ geometries, which are homogeneous Thurston 3-geometries. We define and determine the generalized Apollonius surfaces and with them define the "surface of a geodesic triangle". Using the above Apollonius surfaces we develop a procedure to determine the centre and the radius of the circumscribed geodesic sphere of an arbitrary $\SXR$ and $\HXR$ tetrahedron. Moreover, we generalize the famous Menelaus' and Ceva's theorems for geodesic triangles in both spaces. In our work we will use the projective model of $\SXR$ and $\HXR$ geometries described by E. Molnár in \cite{M97}.

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arXiv2020

Non-fundamental trunc-simplex tilings and their optimal hyperball packings and coverings in hyperbolic space I. For families F1-F4

Supergroups of some hyperbolic space groups are classified as a continuation of our former works. Fundamental domains will be integer parts of truncated tetrahedra belonging to families F1 - F4, for a while, by the notation of E. Molnár et al. in $2006$. As an application, optimal congruent hyperball packings and coverings to the truncation base planes with their very good densities are computed. This covering density is better than the conjecture of L.~Fejes~Tóth for balls and horoballs in $1964$.

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arXiv2020

Coverings with horo- and hyperballs generated by simply truncated orthoschemes

After having investigated the packings derived by horo- and hyperballs related to simple frustum Coxeter orthoscheme tilings we consider the corresponding covering problems (briefly hyp-hor coverings) in $n$-dimensional hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb{H}^n$ ($n=2,3$). We construct in the $2-$ and $3-$dimensional hyperbolic spaces hyp-hor coverings that are generated by simply truncated Coxeter orthocheme tilings and we determine their thinnest covering configurations and their densities. We prove that in the hyperbolic plane ($n=2$) the density of the above thinnest hyp-hor covering arbitrarily approximate the universal lower bound of the hypercycle or horocycle covering density $\frac{\sqrt{12}}π$ and in $\mathbb{H}^3$ the optimal configuration belongs to the $\{7,3,6\}$ Coxeter tiling with density $\approx 1.27297$ that is less than the previously known famous horosphere covering density $1.280$ due to L.~Fejes Tóth and K.~Böröczky. Moreover, we study the hyp-hor coverings in truncated orthosche\-mes $\{p,3,6\}$ $(6< p < 7, ~ p\in \mathbb{R})$ whose density function attains its minimum at parameter $p\approx 6.45962$ with density $\approx 1.26885$. That means that this locally optimal hyp-hor configuration provide smaller covering density than the former determined $\approx 1.27297$ but this hyp-hor packing configuration can not be extended to the entirety of hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$.

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arXiv2019

Interior angle sums of geodesic triangles in $S^2 \times R$ and $H^2 \times R$ geometries

In the present paper we study $S^2 \times R$ and $H^2 \times R$ geometries, which are homogeneous Thurston 3-geometries. We analyse the interior angle sums of geodesic triangles in both geometries and prove, that in $S^2 \times R$ space it can be larger or equal than $π$ and in $H^2 \times R$ space the angle sums can be less or equal than $π$. In our work we will use the projective model of $S^2 \times R$ and $H^2 \times R$ geometries described by E. Molnár in \cite{M97}.

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arXiv2018

Upper bound of density for packing of congruent hyperballs in hyperbolic $3-$space

In \cite{Sz17-2} we proved that to each saturated congruent hyperball packing exists a decomposition of $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ into truncated tetrahedra. Therefore, in order to get a density upper bound for hyperball packings, it is sufficient to determine the density upper bound of hyperball packings in truncated simplices. In this paper we prove, using the above results and the results of papers \cite{M94} and \cite{Sz14}, that the density upper bound of the saturated congruent hyperball (hypersphere) packings related to the corresponding truncated tetrahedron cells is realized in a regular truncated tetrahedra with density $\approx 0.86338$. Furthermore, we prove that the density of locally optimal congruent hyperball arrangement in regular truncated tetrahedron is not a monotonically increasing function of the height (radius) of corresponding optimal hyperball, contrary to the ball (sphere) and horoball (horosphere) packings.

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arXiv2018

Congruent and non-congruent hyperball packings related to doubly truncated Coxeter orthoschemes in hyperbolic $3$-space

In \cite{Sz17-2} we considered hyperball packings in $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space. We developed a decomposition algorithm that for each saturated hyperball packing provides a decomposition of $\HYP$ into truncated tetrahedra. In order to get a density upper bound for hyperball packings, it is sufficient to determine the density upper bound of hyperball packings in truncated simplices. Therefore, in this paper we examine the doubly truncated Coxeter orthoscheme tilings and the corresponding congruent and non-congruent hyperball packings. We proved that related to the mentioned Coxeter tilings the density of the densest congruent hyperball packing is $\approx 0.81335$ that is -- by our conjecture -- the upper bound density of the relating non-congruent hyperball packings too.

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arXiv2018

New Horoball Packing Density Lower Bound in Hyperbolic 5-space

We describe the optimal horoball packings of asymptotic Koszul type Coxeter simplex tilings of $5$-dimensional hyperbolic space where the symmetries of the packings are generated by Coxeter groups. We find that the optimal horoball packing density of $δ_{opt}=0.59421\dots$ is realized in an entire commensurability class of arithmetic Coxeter tilings. Eleven optimal arrangements are achieved by placing horoballs at the asymptotic vertices of the corresponding Coxeter simplices that give the fundamental domains. When multiple horoball types are allowed, in the case of the arithmetic Coxeter groups, the relative packing densities of the optimal horoball types are rational submultiples of $δ_{opt}$, corresponding to the Dirichlet-Voronoi cell densities of the packing. The packings given in this paper are so far the densest known in hyperbolic $5$-space.

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arXiv2018

Hyperball packings related to octahedron and cube tilings in hyperbolic space

In this paper we study congruent and non-congruent hyperball (hypersphere) packings of the truncated regular octahedron and cube tilings. These are derived from the Coxeter simplex tilings $\{p,3,4\}$ $(7\le p \in \mathbb{N})$ and $\{p,4,3\}$ $(5\le p \in \mathbb{N})$ in $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$. We determine the densest hyperball packing arrangement and its density with congruent and non-congruent hyperballs related to the above tilings in $\mathbb{H}^3$. We prove that the locally densest congruent or non-congruent hyperball configuration belongs to the regular truncated cube with density $\approx 0.86145$. This is larger than the Böröczky-Florian density upper bound for balls and horoballs. Our locally optimal non-congruent hyperball packing configuration cannot be extended to the entire hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$, but we determine the extendable densest non-congruent hyperball packing arrangement related to a regular cube tiling with density $\approx 0.84931$.

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arXiv2017

Infinite series of compact hyperbolic manifolds, as possible crystal structures

Previous discoveries of the first author (1984-88) on so-called hyperbolic football manifolds and our recent works (2016-17) on locally extremal ball packing and covering hyperbolic space $\HYP$ with congruent balls had led us to the idea that our "experience space in small size" could be of hyperbolic structure. In this paper we construct an infinite series of oriented hyperbolic space forms so-called cobweb (or tube) manifolds $Cw(2z, 2z, 2z)=Cw(2z)$, $3\le z$ odd, which can describe nanotubes, very probably.

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arXiv2017

Decomposition method related to saturated hyperball packings

In this paper we study the problem of hyperball (hypersphere) packings in $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space. We introduce a new definition of the non-compact saturated ball packings and describe to each saturated hyperball packing, a new procedure to get a decomposition of 3-dimensional hyperbolic space $\HYP$ into truncated tetrahedra. Therefore, in order to get a density upper bound for hyperball packings, it is sufficient to determine the density upper bound of hyperball packings in truncated simplices.

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arXiv2017

Bisector surfaces and circumscribed spheres of tetrahedra derived by translation curves in $\SOL$ geometry

In the present paper we study the $\SOL$ geometry that is one of the eight homogeneous Thurston 3-geomet\-ri\-es. We determine the equation of the translation-like bisector surface of any two points. We prove, that the isosceles property of a translation triangle is not equivalent to two angles of the triangle being equal and that the triangle inequalities do not remain valid for translation triangles in general. Moreover, we develop a method to determine the centre and the radius of the circumscribed translation sphere of a given {\it translation tetrahedron}. In our work we will use for computations and visualizations the projective model of $\SOL$ described by E. Molnár in \cite{M97}.

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arXiv2017

On hyperbolic cobweb manifolds

A compact hyperbolic "cobweb" manifold (hyperbolic space form) of symbol $Cw(6,6,6)$ will be constructed in Fig.1,4,5 as a representant of a presumably infinite series $Cw(2p,2p,2p)$ $(3 \le p \in \bN$ natural numbers). This is a by-product of our investigations \cite{MSz16}. In that work dense ball packings and coverings of hyperbolic space $\HYP$ have been constructed on the base of complete hyperbolic Coxeter orthoschemes $\mathcal{O}=W_{uvw}$ and its extended reflection groups $\bG$ (see diagram in Fig.~3. and picture of fundamental domain in Fig.~2). Now $u=v=w=6 (=2p)$. Thus the maximal ball contained in $Cw(6,6,6)$, moreover its minimal covering bal l (so diameter) can also be determined. The algorithmic procedure provides us with the proof of our statements.

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arXiv2017

Triangle angle sums related to translation curves in $\SOL$ geometry

After having investigated the geodesic and translation triangles and their angle sums in $\NIL$ and $\SLR$ geometries we consider the analogous problem in $\SOL$ space that is one of the eight 3-dimensional Thurston geometries. We analyse the interior angle sums of translation triangles in $\SOL$ geometry and prove that it can be larger or equal than $π$. In our work we will use the projective model of $\SOL$ described by E. Molnár in \cite{M97},

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arXiv2017

The football {5, 6, 6} and its geometries: from a sport tool to fullerens and further

This presentation starts with the regular polygons, of course, then with the Platonic and Archimedean solids. The latter ones are whose symmetry groups are transitive on the vertices, and in addition, whose faces are regular polygons (see only I. Prok's home page [11] for them). Then there come these symmetry groups themselves (starting with the cube and octahedron, of course, then icosahedron and dodecahedron). Then come the space filling properties: Namely the cube is a space filler for the Euclidean space E^3. Then we jump for the other regular solids that cannot fil E^3, but can hyperbolic space H^3, a new space. These can be understood better if we start regular polygons, of course, that cannot fil E^2 in general, but can fil the new plane H2, as hyperbolic or Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane. Now it raises the problem, whether a football polyhedron - with its congruent copies - fil a space. It turns out that E^3 is excluded (it remains an open problem - for you, of course, in other aspects), but H^3 can be filled as a schematic construction show this (Fig. 5), far from elementary. Then we mention some stories on Buckminster Fuller, an architect, who imagined first time fullerens as such crystal structures. Many problems remain open, of course, we are just in the middle of living science.

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arXiv2016

Top dense hyperbolic ball packings and coverings for complete Coxeter orthoscheme groups

In $n$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbf{H}^n$ $(n\ge2)$ there are $3$-types of spheres (balls): the sphere, horosphere and hypersphere. If $n=2,3$ we know an universal upper bound of the ball packing densities, where each ball volume is related to the volume of the corresponding Dirichlet-Voronoi (D-V) cell. E.g. in $\mathbf{H}^3$ the densest horoball packing is derived from the $\{3,3,6\}$ Coxeter tiling consisting of ideal regular simplices $T_{reg}^\infty$ with dihedral angles $\fracπ{3}$. The density of this packing is $δ_3^\infty\approx 0.85328$ and this provides a very rough upper bound for the ball packing densities as well. However, there are no "essential" results regarding the "classical" ball packings with congruent balls, and for ball coverings either. The goal of this paper to find the extremal ball arrangements in $\mathbf{H}^3$ with "classical balls". We consider only periodic congruent ball arrangements (for simplicity) related to the generalized, so-called {\it complete Coxeter orthoschemes} and their extended groups. In Theorems 1.1-1.2 we formulate also conjectures for the densest ball packing with density $0.77147\dots$ and the loosest ball covering with density $1.36893\dots$, respectively. Both are related with the extended Coxeter group $(5, 3, 5)$ and the so-called hyperbolic football manifold (look at Fig.~3). These facts can have important relations with fullerens in crystallography.

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