arXiv subjects

Jeremy Rothschild

Publications and source records attributed to Jeremy Rothschild.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Taming non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations in subthreshold CMOS circuits

As CMOS technology scales down, thermal fluctuations increasingly impact circuit behavior, posing challenges to conventional circuit design. However, the inherent stochasticity introduced by thermal noise is now being explored as a potential resource in the emerging field of probabilistic computing. This work presents a fully CMOS experimental platform that enables direct control over its intrinsic thermal fluctuations. These devices function as programmable multivariate Gaussian samplers, offering a hardware primitive for energy-efficient stochastic computing and serving as an experimental platform for studies in electronic noise and stochastic thermodynamics.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2025

Improved diffusive approximation of Markov jump processes close to equilibrium

Diffusive approximations of Markov jump processes often fail to accurately capture large fluctuations. This is confounding, as the rare events triggered by these large fluctuations, such as the failure of electronic memories, are often the object of interest. In this paper we present an improved diffusive approximation, extending a method previously limited to equilibrium systems. Using new tools from stochastic thermodynamics, we prove its validity to linear order in departures from equilibrium and demonstrate its superior accuracy over the Kramers-Moyal expansion in predicting both steady-state and transient properties, including the error rate of a non-equilibrium electronic memory.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

Phenomenology and dynamics of competitive ecosystems beyond the niche-neutral regimes

Structure, composition and stability of ecological populations are shaped by the inter- and intra-species interactions within these communities. It remains to be fully understood how the interplay of these interactions with other factors, such as immigration, control the structure, diversity and the long term stability of ecological systems in the presence of noise and fluctuations. We address this problem using a minimal model of interacting multi-species ecological communities that incorporates competition, immigration and demographic noise. We find that the complete phase diagram exhibits rich behavior with multiple regimes that go beyond the classical 'niche' and 'neutral' regimes, extending and modifying the 'neutral-like' or 'niche-like' dichotomy. In particular, we observe novel regimes that cannot be characterized as either 'niche' or 'neutral' where a multimodal species abundance distribution is observed. We characterize the transitions between the different regimes and show how they arise from the underlying kinetics of the species turnover, extinction and invasion. Our model serves as a minimal null model of noisy competitive ecological systems, against which more complex models that include factors such as mutations and environmental noise can be compared.

q-bio.PE↗

arXiv2021

Pleiotropy enables specific and accurate signaling in the presence of ligand cross talk

Living cells sense their environment through the binding of extra-cellular molecular ligands to cell surface receptors. Puzzlingly, vast numbers of signaling pathways exhibit a high degree of cross talk between different signals whereby different ligands act through the same receptor or shared components downstream. It remains unclear how a cell can accurately process information from the environment in such cross-wired pathways. We show that a feature which commonly accompanies cross talk - signaling pleiotropy (the ability of a receptor to produce multiple outputs) - offers a solution to the cross talk problem. In a minimal model we show that a single pleiotropic receptor can simultaneously identify and accurately sense the concentrations of arbitrary unknown ligands present individually or in a mixture. We calculate the fundamental limits of the signaling specificity and accuracy of such signaling schemes. The model serves as an elementary "building block" towards understanding more complex cross-wired receptor-ligand signaling networks.

q-bio.MN↗