arXiv subjects

Ji-Heng Guo

Publications and source records attributed to Ji-Heng Guo.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Axion-Like Electrophilic Portal for Pion Dark Matter

We investigate a scenario where Strongly Interacting Massive Particle (SIMP) dark matter interacts with an axion-like particle (ALP) that couples exclusively to electrons. This minimal setup provides interactions which enforce thermal equilibrium between dark matter and the SM in the early Universe. We analyze the cosmological evolution of the dark sector and the constraints arising from dark matter annihilations, ALP laboratory searches and astrophysical observations. Our results show that the allowed parameter space is wider than previous studies and an ALP with mass $m_a \sim {\cal O}(10)~\text{MeV}$ can act as a viable portal between the visible and dark sectors. Interestingly, this mass range overlaps with the parameter space suggested by the reported $X_{17}$ anomaly. Furthermore, the introduction of non-vanishing $θ$ angle in the dark sector of the model opens up the parameter space to heavy ALP masses.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

An Axial-Vector Leptophilic Fifth Force Sourced by Solar Neutrinos

We investigate long-range, purely leptophilic axial-vector interactions mediated by a light gauge boson $A'$ that couples to charged leptons and, by weak symmetry, to left-handed neutrinos. We analyze two realizations, a minimal effective model with muon-only couplings and an anomaly-free axial $U(1)'$ with inter-generation cancellations. In both cases, the solar neutrino flux acts as an extended current that sources a macroscopic $A'$ field at Earth, with spatial components aligned along the Sun-Earth direction. This field produces a distinctive signature in storage-ring measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $(g-2)_μ$, namely a diurnal, sign-changing contribution that is positive during daytime and negative at night, superimposed on a time-independent positive offset. We obtain bounds $g' \lesssim {O}(10^{-19})$ in both model frameworks for a light, effectively massless mediator. For completeness, we map the solar-neutrino-sourced potential to electron spin-sensor experiments and find $g' \lesssim {O}(10^{-22})$ in the electron channel.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Testing the Fifth Force on Lepton Spins through Neutrino Oscillations

We investigate a fifth force mediated by a light vector boson that couples to lepton spins, characterized by axial-vector couplings to leptons and vector couplings to nucleons. This interaction generates a potential proportional to the inner product of the lepton spin vector and the nucleon-lepton relative velocity vector, a feature extensively explored with precision spin sensors. Employing weak symmetry, we show that left-handed charged lepton couplings naturally extend to left-handed neutrinos, enabling this fifth force to influence neutrino oscillations. For electron-nucleon couplings, we find that solar and reactor neutrino experiments provide comparable constraints to those from spin sensors and surpass them in the short-range fifth force region. For muon-nucleon couplings, neutrino oscillation experiments exclude the fifth force as a viable explanation for the muon $ g-2 $ anomaly in the context of a vector mediator, tightening the bounds by two orders of magnitude in coupling strength by solar and atmospheric neutrino data. Our results highlight the critical role of neutrino oscillations in probing fifth forces acting across all three generations of lepton spins.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Probing levitodynamics with multi-stochastic forces and the simple applications on the dark matter detection in optical levitation experiment

If the terrestrial environment is permeated by dark matter, the levitation experiences damping forces and fluctuations attributed to dark matter. This paper investigates levitodynamics with multiple stochastic forces, including thermal drag, photon recoil, feedback, etc., assuming that all of these forces adhere to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The ratio of total damping to the stochastic damping coefficient distinguishes the levitodynamics from cases involving only one single stochastic force. The heating and cooling processes are formulated to determine the limits of temperature change. All sources of stochastic forces are comprehensively examined, revealing that dark matter collisions cannot be treated analogously to fluid dynamics. Additionally, a meticulous analysis is presented, elucidating the intricate relationship between the fundamental transfer cross-section and the macroscopic transfer cross-section. While the dark damping coefficient is suppressed by the mass of the levitated particle, scattering can be coherently enhanced based on the scale of the component microscopic particle, the atomic form factor, and the static structure factor. Hence, dark damping holds the potential to provide valuable insights into the detection of the macroscopic strength of fundamental particles. We propose experimental procedures for levitation and employ linear estimation to extract the dark damping coefficient. Utilizing current levitation results, we demonstrate that the fundamental transfer cross section of dark matter can be of the order $σ^{\rm D}_{T}\lsim {\cal O}(10^{-26})\rm cm^2$.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2024

Muon g-2, Long-Range Muon Spin Force, and Neutrino Oscillations

Recent studies have proposed using a geocentric muon spin force to account for the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly, with the long-range force mediator being a light axion-like particle. The mediator exhibits a CP-violating scalar coupling to nucleons and a normal derivative coupling to muons. Due to the weak symmetry, this axion inevitably couples to neutrinos, providing potential impact on neutrino oscillations. By utilizing neutrino data from BOREXINO, IceCube DeepCore, Super-Kamiokande, and SNO, we have identified that both atmospheric and solar neutrino data can impose stringent constraints on the long-range muon spin force model and the $(g-2)_μ$ parameter space. With optimized data analysis techniques and the potential from future experiments, such as JUNO, Hyper-Kamiokande, SNO+, and IceCube PINGU, there exists a promising opportunity to achieve even greater sensitivities. Indeed, neutrino oscillations offer a robust and distinctive cross-check for the model, offering stringent constraints on the $(g-2)_μ$ parameter space.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Can sub-GeV dark matter coherently scatter on the electrons in the Atom?

A novel detection of sub-GeV dark matter is proposed in the paper. The electron cloud is boosted by the dark matter and emits an electron when it is dragged back by the heavy nucleus, namely the coherent scattering of the electron cloud of the atom. The survey in the X-ray diffraction shows that the atomic form factors are much more complicate than the naive consideration. The results of the relativistic Hartree-Fock(RHF) method give non-trivial shapes of the atoms. The detailed calculation of the recoil of the electron cloud, the kinetics, the fiducial cross section and the corresponding calculation of detection rate are given analytically. The numerical results show that the limits of the RHF form factors are much stringent than the recoil of a single electron, almost 4 orders stronger, and also gives tight limitations comparing to the Migdal effect below about several hundred MeV. The physical picture and the corresponding results are promising and need further explorations.

hep-ph↗