R-process nucleosynthesis from magnetar giant flares in neutron star--white dwarf mergers: A unified picture for peculiar long gamma-ray bursts
Peculiar long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), exemplified by GRBs 211211A and 230307A, exhibit a long-duration multi-component prompt emission, an X-ray plateau in their afterglow, and a kilonova signature. Their origin remains highly debated. In this work, we present a unified picture for these events based on neutron star--white dwarf (NS--WD) mergers involving a pre-merger magnetar and a massive WD. In this picture, tidal disruption of the WD forms a constant-entropy accretion disk. Hyperaccretion from this disk onto the NS during the early accretion phase amplifies its toroidal magnetic field to strengths sufficient to trigger repeated magnetar giant flares (GFs). The main burst (MB) of the prompt emission consists of a ``forest'' of initial spikes from these GFs, while the subsequent magnetic propeller phase generates the extended emission (EE) and naturally explains the observed MB--EE trough. Crucially, the $e^{\pm}$-$\gamma$ fireball associated with each GF initial spike shocks the NS crust, leading to crustal ejection that synthesizes r-process heavy elements via the $\alpha$-rich freeze-out mechanism, thereby resolving the r-process deficit in conventional NS--WD hydrodynamic simulations. The ensemble of such fireballs over the MB duration collectively yields $M_{\rm ej}\gtrsim 10^{-5}-10^{-3}\,M_\odot$ of ejecta, sufficient to power the observed kilonova signature when further boosted by the spin-down of the post-merger magnetar. Meanwhile, the spin-down radiation also powers the X-ray plateau. This tidally disrupted NS--WD merger picture provides a self-consistent framework that unifies the prompt emission, afterglow, kilonova, and r-process nucleosynthesis observed in peculiar long GRBs.