arXiv subjects

Jia-Yue Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Jia-Yue Zhang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Impact of QED Radiation on SMEFT Constraints in Deep Inelastic Scattering

Deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) provides a powerful probe of physics beyond the Standard Model through precision measurements interpreted within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We study the impact of collision-induced QED radiation on SMEFT constraints using the joint QCD+QED factorization framework based on lepton distribution and fragmentation functions. QED radiation can substantially modify DIS cross sections and, in some kinematic regions, significantly alter the effective momentum transfer relevant for factorization. We find that while cross sections receive order-one corrections, longitudinal electron spin asymmetries are affected only at the few-percent level, making them significantly more robust observables for SMEFT studies. Benchmark projections for SoLID and the Electron-Ion Collider are provided to demonstrate the impact of QED radiation for future precision DIS analyses and the extraction of SMEFT constraints.

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arXiv2025

Optimized QCD two-loop correction to exclusive double $J/ψ$ production at B factories

We report the calculation of the process $e^+ e^- \to J/ψJ/ψ$ up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) at a center-of-mass (CM) energy of $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV. We employ an improved NRQCD factorization approach, decomposing the amplitude into photon-fragmentation and non-fragmentation components. The fragmentation contribution is determined using the measured $J/ψ$ decay constant, while the interference and non-fragmentation parts are computed at NNLO in $α_s$ and lowest order in velocity. In this optimized scheme, both ${\cal O}(α_s)$ and ${\cal O}(α^2_s)$ corrections in the interference part are positive and exhibit good convergence. The non-fragmentation part is numerically insignificant. Our results indicate that with the projected 50 ${\rm ab}^{-1}$ dataset at \texttt{Belle 2}, the prospects for observing exclusive double $J/ψ$ production are very promising.

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arXiv2025

Factorized QED and QCD Contribution to Deeply Inelastic Scattering

We present the first calculation of next-to-leading order (NLO) factorized QED and QCD contributions to the short-distance hard coefficients of inclusive lepton-hadron deep inelastic scattering (DIS) in a joint QED and QCD factorization approach. Unlike the traditional radiative correction approach to handle the collision-induced QED contributions to DIS, QED radiation from all charged leptons and quarks are treated equally, and their collinear sensitivities are systematically factorized into corresponding universal lepton and parton distribution functions. We demonstrate that the NLO factorized QED contribution is completely infrared safe and calculable without the need of any parameters other than the standard factorization scale in the same way as the factorized QCD contribution. We discuss the potential impact of this joint factorization approach on the extraction of partonic information from lepton-hadron DIS.

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arXiv2024

Photoproduction of fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders

In this work, we investigate the inclusive photoproduction of the $C$-odd, $S$-wave fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, at the lowest order in velocity and $α_s$. The value of the NRQCD long-distance matrix element is estimated from two phenomenological potential models. Our studies reveal that the photoproduction of the $1^{+-}$ fully charmed tetraquark may be difficult to observe at HERA and the EicC; nevertheless, its observation prospect at the EIC appears to be bright.

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arXiv2024

Two-loop QCD corrections to Higgs radiative decay to vector quarkonium

The exclusive production of $J/ψ$ through Higgs boson radiative decay may serve a clean channel to extracting the charm quark Yukawa coupling. We calculate the two-loop QCD corrections to $H\rightarrow J/ψ(Υ)+γ$ using an optimized nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) approach. We compute the ${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ correction in the direct channel, where Higgs directly couples to $c\bar{c}$, as well as the ${\cal O}(α_s)$ correction in the indirect channel, {\it viz.}, $H\toγ^*γ$ followed by the virtual photon fragmentation into $J/ψ$. Incorporating the destructive interference between the direct and indirect channels, we present to date the most accurate predictions for Higgs boson radiative decay into vector quarkonium, $\mathcal{B}(H\rightarrow J/ψ+γ) = 3.27_{-0.07}^{+0.30}{}^{+0.06}_{-0.06}{}_{-0.13}^{+0.13}\times 10^{-6}$, and $\mathcal{B}(H\rightarrow Υ+γ)= 1.34_{-0.31}^{+0.75}{}^{+0.25}_{-0.20}{}^{+0.05}_{-0.05}\times 10^{-8}$.

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arXiv2024

Factorized QED Contribution to Lepton-Hadron DIS

We present the first calculation of next-to-leading order (NLO) factorized QED contributions to the short-distance hard coefficients of inclusive lepton-hadron deep inelastic scattering (DIS) in a joint QCD and QED factorization approach. We demonstrate how the joint factorization consistently factorize all perturbative collinear sensitivities of partonic scattering in both QCD and QED into corresponding universal hadron and lepton distribution functions without the need of any parameters other than the standard factorization scale. We discuss the necessary modification to DGLAP-type evolution of the parton and lepton distribution functions in this joint factorization approach. We also discuss the potential impact of this joint factorization approach on the extraction of partonic information from lepton-hadron DIS.

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arXiv2024

Soft pattern of gravitational Rutherford scattering from heavy target mass expansion

We investigate the soft behavior of the tree-level Rutherford scattering processes mediated via $t$-channel one-graviton exchange. We consider two types of Rutherford scattering processes, {\it e.g.}, a low-energy massless structureless projectile (up to spin-$1$) hits a static massive composite particle carrying various spins (up to spin-$2$), and a slowly-moving light projectile hits a heavy static composite target. The unpolarized cross sections in the first type are found to exhibit universal forms at the first two orders in $1/M$ expansion, yet differ at the next-to-next-to-leading order, though some terms at this order still remain universal or depend on the target spin in a definite manner. The unpolarized cross sections in the second type are universal at the lowest order in projectile velocity expansion and through all orders in $1/M$, independent of the spins of both projectile and target. The universality partially breaks down at relative order-$v^2/M^2$, albeit some terms at this order still depend on the target spin in a specific manner.

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arXiv2024

Hard-scattering approach to strongly hindered electric dipole transitions between heavy quarkonia

The conventional wisdom in dealing with electromagnetic transition between heavy quarkonia is the multipole expansion, when the emitted photon has a typical energy of order quarkonium binding energy. Nevertheless, in the case when the energy carried by the photon is of order typical heavy quark momentum, the multipole expansion doctrine is expected to break down. In this work, we apply the "hard-scattering" approach originally developed to tackle the strongly hindered magnetic dipole ($M1$) transition [Y.~Jia {\it et al.}, Phys. \ Rev. \ D. 82, 014008 (2010)] to the strongly hindered electric dipole ($E1$) transition between heavy quarkonia. We derive the factorization formula for the strongly hindered $E1$ transition rates at the lowest order in velocity and $α_s$ in the context of the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD), and conduct a detailed numerical comparison with the standard predictions for various bottomonia and charmonia $E1$ transition processes.

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arXiv2023

${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ corrections to $J/ψ+χ_{c0,1,2}$ production at $B$ factories

We compute the ${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ corrections to the exclusive channels $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{cJ}$ ($J=0,1,2$) at $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The validity of NRQCD factorization at ${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ has been confirmed for these double-charmonium exclusive production processes. We analyze the impact of the $\mathcal{O}(α_s^2)$ corrections on the polarized and unpolarized cross sections, as well as the $J/ψ$ angular distributions, which largely reduce the renormalization scale dependence but increase the ${\mathcal O}(α_s)$ NRQCD predictions to some extent for $χ_{c0,1}$. With high numerical accuracy, our predictions for $σ(J/ψ+χ_{c1,2})$ through ${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ are compatible with the upper limit of the \texttt{Belle} measurement. Although the theoretical prediction for $σ(J/ψ+χ_{c0})$ is consistent with both \texttt{Belle} and \texttt{BaBar} measurements within uncertainties, there still exists serious tension between the predicted and the measured profiles for the $J/ψ$ angular distribution. Regarding the bright observation prospect of the $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{c1,2}$ channels in \texttt{Belle 2} experiment, it is interesting to compare the future measurements with our NRQCD predictions. The more accurate measurement of $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{0}$ at \texttt{Belle 2} will also help to clarify the long-standing puzzle of $J/ψ$ angular distribution.

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arXiv2023

Optimized ${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ correction to exclusive double $J/ψ$ production at $B$ factories

The failure of observing the $e^+ e^- \to J/ψ+J/ψ$ events at $B$ factories to date is often attributed to the significant negative order-$α_s$ correction. In this work we compute the ${\cal O}(α^2_s)$ correction to this process for the first time. The magnitude of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) perturbative correction is substantially negative so that the standard NRQCD prediction would suffer from an unphysical, negative cross section. This dilemma may be traced in the fact that the bulk contribution of the fixed-order radiative corrections stems from the perturbative corrections to the $J/ψ$ decay constant. We thus implement an improved NRQCD factorization framework, by decomposing the amplitude into the photon-fragmentation piece and the non-fragmentation piece. With the measured $J/ψ$ decay constant as input, which amounts to resumming a specific class of radiative and relativistic corrections to all orders, the fragmentation-induced production rate can be predicted accurately and serves a benchmark prediction. The non-fragmentation type of the amplitude is then computed through NNLO in $α_s$ and at lowest order in velocity. Both the ${\cal O}(α_s)$ and ${\cal O}(α^2_s)$ corrections in the interference term become positive and exhibit a decent convergence behavior. Our finest prediction is $σ(e^+ e^- \to J/ψ+J/ψ)= 2.13^{+0.30}_{-0.06}$ fb at $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV. With the projected integrated luminosity of 50 ${\rm ab}^{-1}$, the prospect to observe this exclusive process at \texttt{Belle} 2 experiment appears to be bright.

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arXiv2023

Inclusive production of fully-charmed tetraquarks at LHC

The $X(6900)$ resonance, originally discovered by the \texttt{LHCb} collaboration and later confirmed by both \texttt{ATLAS} and \texttt{CMS} experiments, has sparked broad interests in the fully-charmed tetraquark states. Relative to the mass spectra and decay properties of fully-heavy tetraquarks, our knowledge on their production mechanism is still rather limited. In this work we investigate the inclusive production of fully-charmed $S$-wave tetraquarks at \texttt{LHC} within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The partonic cross sections are computed at lowest order in $α_s$ and velocity, while the long-distance NRQCD matrix elements are estimated from phenomenological potential models. We predict the differential $p_T$ spectra of various fully-charmed $S$-wave tetraquarks at the \texttt{LHC}, and compare with the results predicted from the fragmentation mechanism at large $p_T$ end.

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arXiv2023

Soft pattern of Rutherford scattering from heavy target mass expansion

We investigate the soft behavior of the tree-level Rutherford scattering process. We consider two types of Rutherford scattering, a low-energy massless point-like projectile (say, a spin-${1\over 2}$ or spin-$0$ electron) to hit a static massive composite target particle carrying various spins (up to spin-$2$), and a slowly-moving light projectile hits a heavy static composite target. For the first type, the unpolarized cross sections in the laboratory frame are found to exhibit universal forms in the first two orders of $1/M$ expansion, yet differ at the next-to-next-to-leading order (though some terms at this order still remain to be universal or depend on the target spin in a definite manner). For the second type, at the lowest order in electron velocity expansion, through all orders in $1/M$, the unpolarized cross section is universal (also not sensitive to the projectile spin). The universality partially breaks down at relative order-$v^2/M^2$, though some terms at this order are still universal or depend on the target spin in a specific manner. We also employ the effective field theory approach to reproduce the soft behavior of the differential cross sections for the target particle being a composite Dirac fermion.

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arXiv2022

Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+η_c$ at $B$ factories

Within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, we compute the long-awaited ${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ correction for the exclusive double charmonium production process at $B$ factories, {\it i.e.}, $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+η_c$ at $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV. For the first time, we confirm that NRQCD factorization does hold at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) for exclusive double charmonium production. It is found that including the NNLO QCD correction considerably reduces the renormalization scale dependence, and also implies the reasonable perturbative convergence behavior for this process. Our state-of-the-art prediction is consistent with the BaBar measurement within errors.

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arXiv2022

New Physics Opportunities in Triangle Singularity

We show that loop-induced processes involving new physics particles can readily satisfy Landau Equation and trigger triangular singularities at high energy colliders, leading to fully visible Standard Model final states. Four-particle vertices in new physics allow triangular singularity diagrams to evade large virtuality suppression. In addition, a $t$-channel triangular singularity can also occur in particle scattering processes that may extend to low momentum exchange. We discuss several typical scenarios in supersymmetric and extended Higgs models, then identify the singular component in the loop-integral amplitude at specific external momentum points.

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arXiv2022

Three-loop QCD corrections to the decay constant of $B_c$

Within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization, we compute the three-loop QCD corrections to the decay constant of $B_c$. We reconstruct the analytical expressions for the three-loop renormalization constant and the corresponding anomalous dimension affiliated with the pseudoscalar current composed of two different heavy flavors in NRQCD, which are functions of the ratio between the charm and bottom quark masses. Meanwhile, the short-distance coefficient is obtained with very high numerical accuracy. The three-loop QCD correction turns out to be overwhelmingly large. The phenomenological implication of this new piece of radiative corrections for the $B_c$ leptonic decay is also addressed.

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arXiv2022

Complete three-loop QCD corrections to leptonic width of vector quarkonium

Within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, we compute the order-$α_s^3$ perturbative corrections to the leptonic decay of the $Υ$ and $J/ψ$ with high numerical accuracy, at the lowest order in velocity expansion. We confirm the existing three-loop results in literature. Furthermore, we explicitly consider the complex-valued light-by-light (singlet) contributions. We for the first time also consider the finite charm quark mass effect for $Υ$ leptonic decay, and obtain a new piece of 3-loop contribution to the anomalous dimension related to the composite NRQCD bilinear of vector current that arises from the nonzero charm quark mass. Based on the complete three-loop NRQCD short-distance coefficients, we also present a comprehensive phenomenological analysis for $Υ(J/ψ)$ leptonic width.

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arXiv2022

Photoproduction of C-even quarkonia at EIC and EicC

The $η_c$ photoproduction in $ep$ collision has long been proposed as an ideal process to probe the existence of odderon. In the current work, we systematically investigate the photoproduction of various $C$-even heavy quarkonia (exemplified by $η_{c(b)}$, and $χ_{c(b)J}$ with $J=0,1,2$) via one-photon exchange channel, at the lowest order in $α_s$ and heavy quark velocity in the context of NRQCD factorization. We find that the photoproduction rates of the $C$-even quarkonia through this mechanism are comparable in magnitude with that through the odderon-initiated mechanism, even in the Regge limit ($s\gg -t$), though the latter types of predictions suffers from considerable theoretical uncertainties. The future measurements of these types of quarkonium photoproduction processes in \texttt{EIC} and \texttt{EicC} are crucial to ascertain which mechanism plays the dominant role.

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arXiv2021

Inclusive production of fully-charmed ${\bm 1}^{\bm{+}\bm{-}}$ tetraquark at $\bm B$ factory

Inspired by the recent discovery of the $X(6900)$ meson at {\tt LHCb} experiment, we investigate the inclusive production rate of the $C$-odd fully-charmed tetraquarks associated with light hadrons at the $B$ factory within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The short-distance coefficient is computed at lowest order in velocity and $α_s$. Employing the diquark-antidiquark model to roughly estimate the long-distance NRQCD matrix elements, we predict the rate for inclusive production of the $1^{+-}$ $T_{4c}$ state and discuss the observation prospects at {\tt Belle 2} experiment.

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