arXiv subjects

Jian Cheng

Publications and source records attributed to Jian Cheng.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2025

Exploring Contextual Attribute Density in Referring Expression Counting

Referring expression counting (REC) algorithms are for more flexible and interactive counting ability across varied fine-grained text expressions. However, the requirement for fine-grained attribute understanding poses challenges for prior arts, as they struggle to accurately align attribute information with correct visual patterns. Given the proven importance of ''visual density'', it is presumed that the limitations of current REC approaches stem from an under-exploration of ''contextual attribute density'' (CAD). In the scope of REC, we define CAD as the measure of the information intensity of one certain fine-grained attribute in visual regions. To model the CAD, we propose a U-shape CAD estimator in which referring expression and multi-scale visual features from GroundingDINO can interact with each other. With additional density supervision, we can effectively encode CAD, which is subsequently decoded via a novel attention procedure with CAD-refined queries. Integrating all these contributions, our framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art REC methods, achieves $30\%$ error reduction in counting metrics and a $10\%$ improvement in localization accuracy. The surprising results shed light on the significance of contextual attribute density for REC. Code will be at github.com/Xu3XiWang/CAD-GD.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

3D Anatomical Structure-guided Deep Learning for Accurate Diffusion Microstructure Imaging

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a crucial non-invasive technique for exploring the microstructure of the living human brain. Traditional hand-crafted and model-based tissue microstructure reconstruction methods often require extensive diffusion gradient sampling, which can be time-consuming and limits the clinical applicability of tissue microstructure information. Recent advances in deep learning have shown promise in microstructure estimation; however, accurately estimating tissue microstructure from clinically feasible dMRI scans remains challenging without appropriate constraints. This paper introduces a novel framework that achieves high-fidelity and rapid diffusion microstructure imaging by simultaneously leveraging anatomical information from macro-level priors and mutual information across parameters. This approach enhances time efficiency while maintaining accuracy in microstructure estimation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms four state-of-the-art techniques, achieving a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 30.51$\pm$0.58 and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.97$\pm$0.004 in estimating parametric maps of multiple diffusion models. Notably, our method achieves a 15$\times$ acceleration compared to the dense sampling approach, which typically utilizes 270 diffusion gradients.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2025

Spatial-Angular Representation Learning for High-Fidelity Continuous Super-Resolution in Diffusion MRI

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) often suffers from low spatial and angular resolution due to inherent limitations in imaging hardware and system noise, adversely affecting the accurate estimation of microstructural parameters with fine anatomical details. Deep learning-based super-resolution techniques have shown promise in enhancing dMRI resolution without increasing acquisition time. However, most existing methods are confined to either spatial or angular super-resolution, limiting their effectiveness in capturing detailed microstructural features. Furthermore, traditional pixel-wise loss functions struggle to recover intricate image details essential for high-resolution reconstruction. To address these challenges, we propose SARL-dMRI, a novel Spatial-Angular Representation Learning framework for high-fidelity, continuous super-resolution in dMRI. SARL-dMRI explores implicit neural representations and spherical harmonics to model continuous spatial and angular representations, simultaneously enhancing both spatial and angular resolution while improving microstructural parameter estimation accuracy. To further preserve image fidelity, a data-fidelity module and wavelet-based frequency loss are introduced, ensuring the super-resolved images remain consistent with the original input and retain fine details. Extensive experiments demonstrate that, compared to five other state-of-the-art methods, our method significantly enhances dMRI data resolution, improves the accuracy of microstructural parameter estimation, and provides better generalization capabilities. It maintains stable performance even under a 45$\times$ downsampling factor.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2025

Universal Features Guided Zero-Shot Category-Level Object Pose Estimation

Object pose estimation, crucial in computer vision and robotics applications, faces challenges with the diversity of unseen categories. We propose a zero-shot method to achieve category-level 6-DOF object pose estimation, which exploits both 2D and 3D universal features of input RGB-D image to establish semantic similarity-based correspondences and can be extended to unseen categories without additional model fine-tuning. Our method begins with combining efficient 2D universal features to find sparse correspondences between intra-category objects and gets initial coarse pose. To handle the correspondence degradation of 2D universal features if the pose deviates much from the target pose, we use an iterative strategy to optimize the pose. Subsequently, to resolve pose ambiguities due to shape differences between intra-category objects, the coarse pose is refined by optimizing with dense alignment constraint of 3D universal features. Our method outperforms previous methods on the REAL275 and Wild6D benchmarks for unseen categories.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

HOGSA: Bimanual Hand-Object Interaction Understanding with 3D Gaussian Splatting Based Data Augmentation

Understanding of bimanual hand-object interaction plays an important role in robotics and virtual reality. However, due to significant occlusions between hands and object as well as the high degree-of-freedom motions, it is challenging to collect and annotate a high-quality, large-scale dataset, which prevents further improvement of bimanual hand-object interaction-related baselines. In this work, we propose a new 3D Gaussian Splatting based data augmentation framework for bimanual hand-object interaction, which is capable of augmenting existing dataset to large-scale photorealistic data with various hand-object pose and viewpoints. First, we use mesh-based 3DGS to model objects and hands, and to deal with the rendering blur problem due to multi-resolution input images used, we design a super-resolution module. Second, we extend the single hand grasping pose optimization module for the bimanual hand object to generate various poses of bimanual hand-object interaction, which can significantly expand the pose distribution of the dataset. Third, we conduct an analysis for the impact of different aspects of the proposed data augmentation on the understanding of the bimanual hand-object interaction. We perform our data augmentation on two benchmarks, H2O and Arctic, and verify that our method can improve the performance of the baselines.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Diff5T: Benchmarking Human Brain Diffusion MRI with an Extensive 5.0 Tesla K-Space and Spatial Dataset

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides critical insights into the microstructural and connectional organization of the human brain. However, the availability of high-field, open-access datasets that include raw k-space data for advanced research remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce Diff5T, a first comprehensive 5.0 Tesla diffusion MRI dataset focusing on the human brain. This dataset includes raw k-space data and reconstructed diffusion images, acquired using a variety of imaging protocols. Diff5T is designed to support the development and benchmarking of innovative methods in artifact correction, image reconstruction, image preprocessing, diffusion modelling and tractography. The dataset features a wide range of diffusion parameters, including multiple b-values and gradient directions, allowing extensive research applications in studying human brain microstructure and connectivity. With its emphasis on open accessibility and detailed benchmarks, Diff5T serves as a valuable resource for advancing human brain mapping research using diffusion MRI, fostering reproducibility, and enabling collaboration across the neuroscience and medical imaging communities.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2024

SpikingNeRF: Making Bio-inspired Neural Networks See through the Real World

In this paper, we propose SpikingNeRF, which aligns the temporal dimension of spiking neural networks (SNNs) with the radiance rays, to seamlessly accommodate SNNs to the reconstruction of neural radiance fields (NeRF). Thus, the computation turns into a spike-based, multiplication-free manner, reducing energy consumption and making high-quality 3D rendering, for the first time, accessible to neuromorphic hardware. In SpikingNeRF, each sampled point on the ray is matched to a particular time step and represented in a hybrid manner where the voxel grids are maintained as well. Based on the voxel grids, sampled points are determined whether to be masked out for faster training and inference. However, this masking operation also incurs irregular temporal length, making it intractable for hardware processors, e.g., GPUs, to conduct parallel training. To address this problem, we develop the temporal padding strategy to tackle the masked samples to maintain regular temporal length, i.e., regular tensors, and further propose the temporal condensing strategy to form a denser data structure for hardware-friendly computation. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate that our method can reduce energy consumption by an average of 70.79\% and obtain comparable synthesis quality with the ANN baseline. Verification on the neuromorphic hardware accelerator also shows that SpikingNeRF can further benefit from neuromorphic computing over the ANN baselines on energy efficiency. Codes and the appendix are in \url{https://github.com/Ikarosy/SpikingNeRF-of-CASIA}.

cs.NE↗

arXiv2024

SamRobNODDI: Q-Space Sampling-Augmented Continuous Representation Learning for Robust and Generalized NODDI

Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) microstructure estimation from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is of great significance for the discovery and treatment of various neurological diseases. Current deep learning-based methods accelerate the speed of NODDI parameter estimation and improve the accuracy. However, most methods require the number and coordinates of gradient directions during testing and training to remain strictly consistent, significantly limiting the generalization and robustness of these models in NODDI parameter estimation. In this paper, we propose a q-space sampling augmentation-based continuous representation learning framework (SamRobNODDI) to achieve robust and generalized NODDI. Specifically, a continuous representation learning method based on q-space sampling augmentation is introduced to fully explore the information between different gradient directions in q-space. Furthermore, we design a sampling consistency loss to constrain the outputs of different sampling schemes, ensuring that the outputs remain as consistent as possible, thereby further enhancing performance and robustness to varying q-space sampling schemes. SamRobNODDI is also a flexible framework that can be applied to different backbone networks. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compared it with 7 state-of-the-art methods across 18 different q-space sampling schemes, demonstrating that the proposed SamRobNODDI has better performance, robustness, generalization, and flexibility.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

FastGL: A GPU-Efficient Framework for Accelerating Sampling-Based GNN Training at Large Scale

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great superiority on non-Euclidean graph data, achieving ground-breaking performance on various graph-related tasks. As a practical solution to train GNN on large graphs with billions of nodes and edges, the sampling-based training is widely adopted by existing training frameworks. However, through an in-depth analysis, we observe that the efficiency of existing sampling-based training frameworks is still limited due to the key bottlenecks lying in all three phases of sampling-based training, i.e., subgraph sample, memory IO, and computation. To this end, we propose FastGL, a GPU-efficient Framework for accelerating sampling-based training of GNN at Large scale by simultaneously optimizing all above three phases, taking into account both GPU characteristics and graph structure. Specifically, by exploiting the inherent overlap within graph structures, FastGL develops the Match-Reorder strategy to reduce the data traffic, which accelerates the memory IO without incurring any GPU memory overhead. Additionally, FastGL leverages a Memory-Aware computation method, harnessing the GPU memory's hierarchical nature to mitigate irregular data access during computation. FastGL further incorporates the Fused-Map approach aimed at diminishing the synchronization overhead during sampling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FastGL can achieve an average speedup of 11.8x, 2.2x and 1.5x over the state-of-the-art frameworks PyG, DGL, and GNNLab, respectively.Our code is available at https://github.com/a1bc2def6g/fastgl-ae.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

Intrinsic Action Tendency Consistency for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Efficient collaboration in the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) paradigm remains a challenge in cooperative multi-agent systems. We identify divergent action tendencies among agents as a significant obstacle to CTDE's training efficiency, requiring a large number of training samples to achieve a unified consensus on agents' policies. This divergence stems from the lack of adequate team consensus-related guidance signals during credit assignments in CTDE. To address this, we propose Intrinsic Action Tendency Consistency, a novel approach for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning. It integrates intrinsic rewards, obtained through an action model, into a reward-additive CTDE (RA-CTDE) framework. We formulate an action model that enables surrounding agents to predict the central agent's action tendency. Leveraging these predictions, we compute a cooperative intrinsic reward that encourages agents to match their actions with their neighbors' predictions. We establish the equivalence between RA-CTDE and CTDE through theoretical analyses, demonstrating that CTDE's training process can be achieved using agents' individual targets. Building on this insight, we introduce a novel method to combine intrinsic rewards and CTDE. Extensive experiments on challenging tasks in SMAC and GRF benchmarks showcase the improved performance of our method.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2024

PSE-Net: Channel Pruning for Convolutional Neural Networks with Parallel-subnets Estimator

Channel Pruning is one of the most widespread techniques used to compress deep neural networks while maintaining their performances. Currently, a typical pruning algorithm leverages neural architecture search to directly find networks with a configurable width, the key step of which is to identify representative subnet for various pruning ratios by training a supernet. However, current methods mainly follow a serial training strategy to optimize supernet, which is very time-consuming. In this work, we introduce PSE-Net, a novel parallel-subnets estimator for efficient channel pruning. Specifically, we propose a parallel-subnets training algorithm that simulate the forward-backward pass of multiple subnets by droping extraneous features on batch dimension, thus various subnets could be trained in one round. Our proposed algorithm facilitates the efficiency of supernet training and equips the network with the ability to interpolate the accuracy of unsampled subnets, enabling PSE-Net to effectively evaluate and rank the subnets. Over the trained supernet, we develop a prior-distributed-based sampling algorithm to boost the performance of classical evolutionary search. Such algorithm utilizes the prior information of supernet training phase to assist in the search of optimal subnets while tackling the challenge of discovering samples that satisfy resource constraints due to the long-tail distribution of network configuration. Extensive experiments demonstrate PSE-Net outperforms previous state-of-the-art channel pruning methods on the ImageNet dataset while retaining superior supernet training efficiency. For example, under 300M FLOPs constraint, our pruned MobileNetV2 achieves 75.2% Top-1 accuracy on ImageNet dataset, exceeding the original MobileNetV2 by 2.6 units while only cost 30%/16% times than BCNet/AutoAlim.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

UDD: Dataset Distillation via Mining Underutilized Regions

Dataset distillation synthesizes a small dataset such that a model trained on this set approximates the performance of the original dataset. Recent studies on dataset distillation focused primarily on the design of the optimization process, with methods such as gradient matching, feature alignment, and training trajectory matching. However, little attention has been given to the issue of underutilized regions in synthetic images. In this paper, we propose UDD, a novel approach to identify and exploit the underutilized regions to make them informative and discriminate, and thus improve the utilization of the synthetic dataset. Technically, UDD involves two underutilized regions searching policies for different conditions, i.e., response-based policy and data jittering-based policy. Compared with previous works, such two policies are utilization-sensitive, equipping with the ability to dynamically adjust the underutilized regions during the training process. Additionally, we analyze the current model optimization problem and design a category-wise feature contrastive loss, which can enhance the distinguishability of different categories and alleviate the shortcomings of the existing multi-formation methods. Experimentally, our method improves the utilization of the synthetic dataset and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on various datasets, such as MNIST, FashionMNIST, SVHN, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100. For example, the improvements on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 are 4.0\% and 3.7\% over the next best method with IPC=1, by mining the underutilized regions.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

CSR-dMRI: Continuous Super-Resolution of Diffusion MRI with Anatomical Structure-assisted Implicit Neural Representation Learning

Deep learning-based dMRI super-resolution methods can effectively enhance image resolution by leveraging the learning capabilities of neural networks on large datasets. However, these methods tend to learn a fixed scale mapping between low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) images, overlooking the need for radiologists to scale the images at arbitrary resolutions. Moreover, the pixel-wise loss in the image domain tends to generate over-smoothed results, losing fine textures and edge information. To address these issues, we propose a novel continuous super-resolution method for dMRI, called CSR-dMRI, which utilizes an anatomical structure-assisted implicit neural representation learning approach. Specifically, the CSR-dMRI model consists of two components. The first is the latent feature extractor, which primarily extracts latent space feature maps from LR dMRI and anatomical images while learning structural prior information from the anatomical images. The second is the implicit function network, which utilizes voxel coordinates and latent feature vectors to generate voxel intensities at corresponding positions. Additionally, a frequency-domain-based loss is introduced to preserve the structural and texture information, further enhancing the image quality. Extensive experiments on the publicly available HCP dataset validate the effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, our method demonstrates superior generalization capability and can be applied to arbitrary-scale super-resolution, including non-integer scale factors, expanding its applicability beyond conventional approaches.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2024

RobNODDI: Robust NODDI Parameter Estimation with Adaptive Sampling under Continuous Representation

Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) is an important imaging technology used to evaluate the microstructure of brain tissue, which is of great significance for the discovery and treatment of various neurological diseases. Current deep learning-based methods perform parameter estimation through diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) with a small number of diffusion gradients. These methods speed up parameter estimation and improve accuracy. However, the diffusion directions used by most existing deep learning models during testing needs to be strictly consistent with the diffusion directions during training. This results in poor generalization and robustness of deep learning models in dMRI parameter estimation. In this work, we verify for the first time that the parameter estimation performance of current mainstream methods will significantly decrease when the testing diffusion directions and the training diffusion directions are inconsistent. A robust NODDI parameter estimation method with adaptive sampling under continuous representation (RobNODDI) is proposed. Furthermore, long short-term memory (LSTM) units and fully connected layers are selected to learn continuous representation signals. To this end, we use a total of 100 subjects to conduct experiments based on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, of which 60 are used for training, 20 are used for validation, and 20 are used for testing. The test results indicate that RobNODDI improves the generalization performance and robustness of the deep learning model, enhancing the stability and flexibility of deep learning NODDI parameter estimatimation applications.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

AID-DTI: Accelerating High-fidelity Diffusion Tensor Imaging with Detail-preserving Model-based Deep Learning

Deep learning has shown great potential in accelerating diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nevertheless, existing methods tend to suffer from Rician noise and eddy current, leading to detail loss in reconstructing the DTI-derived parametric maps especially when sparsely sampled q-space data are used. To address this, this paper proposes a novel method, AID-DTI (\textbf{A}ccelerating h\textbf{I}gh fi\textbf{D}elity \textbf{D}iffusion \textbf{T}ensor \textbf{I}maging), to facilitate fast and accurate DTI with only six measurements. AID-DTI is equipped with a newly designed Singular Value Decomposition-based regularizer, which can effectively capture fine details while suppressing noise during network training by exploiting the correlation across DTI-derived parameters. Additionally, we introduce a Nesterov-based adaptive learning algorithm that optimizes the regularization parameter dynamically to enhance the performance. AID-DTI is an extendable framework capable of incorporating flexible network architecture. Experimental results on Human Connectome Project (HCP) data consistently demonstrate that the proposed method estimates DTI parameter maps with fine-grained details and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2024

Technique Report of CVPR 2024 PBDL Challenges

The intersection of physics-based vision and deep learning presents an exciting frontier for advancing computer vision technologies. By leveraging the principles of physics to inform and enhance deep learning models, we can develop more robust and accurate vision systems. Physics-based vision aims to invert the processes to recover scene properties such as shape, reflectance, light distribution, and medium properties from images. In recent years, deep learning has shown promising improvements for various vision tasks, and when combined with physics-based vision, these approaches can enhance the robustness and accuracy of vision systems. This technical report summarizes the outcomes of the Physics-Based Vision Meets Deep Learning (PBDL) 2024 challenge, held in CVPR 2024 workshop. The challenge consisted of eight tracks, focusing on Low-Light Enhancement and Detection as well as High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging. This report details the objectives, methodologies, and results of each track, highlighting the top-performing solutions and their innovative approaches.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Interpretable DRL-based Maneuver Decision of UCAV Dogfight

This paper proposes a three-layer unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) dogfight frame where Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is responsible for high-level maneuver decision. A four-channel low-level control law is firstly constructed, followed by a library containing eight basic flight maneuvers (BFMs). Double deep Q network (DDQN) is applied for BFM selection in UCAV dogfight, where the opponent strategy during the training process is constructed with DT. Our simulation result shows that, the agent can achieve a win rate of 85.75% against the DT strategy, and positive results when facing various unseen opponents. Based on the proposed frame, interpretability of the DRL-based dogfight is significantly improved. The agent performs yo-yo to adjust its turn rate and gain higher maneuverability. Emergence of "Dive and Chase" behavior also indicates the agent can generate a novel tactic that utilizes the drawback of its opponent.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2024

A Cascade Dual-Decoder Model for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction

In knowledge graph construction, a challenging issue is how to extract complex (e.g., overlapping) entities and relationships from a small amount of unstructured historical data. The traditional pipeline methods are to divide the extraction into two separate subtasks, which misses the potential interaction between the two subtasks and may lead to error propagation. In this work, we propose an effective cascade dual-decoder method to extract overlapping relational triples, which includes a text-specific relation decoder and a relation-corresponded entity decoder. Our approach is straightforward and it includes a text-specific relation decoder and a relation-corresponded entity decoder. The text-specific relation decoder detects relations from a sentence at the text level. That is, it does this according to the semantic information of the whole sentence. For each extracted relation, which is with trainable embedding, the relation-corresponded entity decoder detects the corresponding head and tail entities using a span-based tagging scheme. In this way, the overlapping triple problem can be tackled naturally. We conducted experiments on a real-world open-pit mine dataset and two public datasets to verify the method's generalizability. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of our proposed method and achieve better F1 scores under strict evaluation metrics. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/prastunlp/DualDec.

cs.CL↗