arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Jiang-Hua Lu.
Symmetric Poisson CGL extensions form a particular class of polynomial Poisson algebras that are shown by K. Goodearl and M. Yakimov to admit compatible cluster structures. In this paper, we give explicit formulas for a family of mutation matrices in the Goodearl-Yakimov theory via matrix products as well as by entry-wise description.
For a complex algebraic torus $\mathbb{T}$, we study $\mathbb{T}$-invariant Poisson deformations of a $\mathbb{T}$-log-symplectic log-canonical Poisson structure $π_0$ on $\mathbb{C}^n$. We show that every $\mathbb{T}$-invariant first-order deformation of $π_0$ with linearly independent $(\mathbb{C}^\times)^n$-weights is unobstructed. For a special class of $π_0$ defined by the so-called symmetric $\mathbb{T}$-action data, we show that $π_0$ can be canonically deformed to symmetric $\mathbb{T}$-Poisson CGL extensions (of $\mathbb{C}$) as defined by K. Goodearl and M. Yakimov. As a consequence, we classify all symmetric $\mathbb{T}$-Poisson CGL extensions in terms of their log-canonical terms $π_0$ and the second $\mathbb{T}$-invariant Poisson cohomology of $π_0$. We further characterize, among all symmetric Poisson CGL extensions, those of Cartan type, i.e., those associated to sequences of simple roots in the root systems of symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrices. In particular, we prove that the standard Poisson structures on Bott-Samelson cells and generalized Schubert cells for semi-simple complex Lie groups are the (uniquely determined) maximal normalized admissible deformations of their log-canonical terms. Finally, for any symmetric $\mathbb{T}$-Poisson CGL extension $π$ with log-canonical term $π_0$, we present an explicit formula expressing the initial mutation matrix in the Goodearl-Yakimov theory on cluster algebras associated to $π$ in terms of the $(\mathbb{C}^\times)^n$-weights of the second $\mathbb{T}$-invariant Poisson cohomology of $π_0$.
We present a general framework for constructing polynomial integrable systems on linearizations of Poisson varieties that admit log-canonical systems. Our construction is in particular applicable to Poisson varieties with compatible cluster or generalized cluster structures. As examples, we consider a standard complex semi-simple Poisson Lie group $G$ and a Borel subgroup $B$ of $G$, equipped with the Berenstein-Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster structures; the unipotent Lie subgroup $N_w$ of $G$ associated to any $w$ in the Weyl group of $G$, equipped with the cluster structure on the corresponding Schubert cell as first defined by Geiss-Leclerc-Schröer when $G$ is simply-laced; and the dual Poisson Lie group ${\rm GL}(n, \mathbb C)^*$ of the standard Poisson Lie group ${\rm GL}(n, \mathbb C)$, equipped with the Gekhtman-Shapiro-Vainshtein generalized cluster structure. In each of these four cases, we show that every extended cluster in the respective cluster or generalized cluster structure gives rise to at least one polynomial integrable system with respect to the linearization of the Poisson structure at the identity element. For some of the polynomial integrable systems, we show that all their Hamiltonian flows are complete. Just as generalized minors on a complex semi-simple Lie group $G$ are used to describe certain initial extended clusters in the Berenstein-Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster structure on $G$, we introduce a special class of homogeneous polynomials, called signed generalized minors, on the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of $G$, which are then used to describe some of the polynomial integrable systems obtained via our construction. As a further application, we use the homogeneous degrees of certain signed generalized minors to give an explicit formula for the index of the Lie algebra of $N_w$ for every $w$ in the Weyl group.
Inspired by a recent work of Y. Mizuno, we show that the DT transformations on a cluster ensemble of finite type admit unique totally positive fixed points, and that the exponents of the linearizations of the DT transformations at the fixed points are precisely the degrees of the Weyl group of the corresponding finite root system.
We study tropical friezes and cluster-additive functions associated to symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrices in the framework of Fock-Goncharov duality in cluster algebras. In particular, we generalize and prove a conjecture of C. M. Ringel on cluster-additive functions associated to arbitrary Cartan matrices of finite type. For a Fock-Goncharov dual pair of positive spaces of finite type, we use tropical friezes and cluster-additive functions to explicitly express the Fock-Goncharov pairing between their tropical points and the bijections between global monomials on one and tropical points of the other.
We study tropical friezes and cluster-additive functions associated to symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrices in the framework of Fock-Goncharov duality in cluster algebras. In particular, we generalize and prove a conjecture of C. M. Ringel on cluster-additive functions associated to arbitrary Cartan matrices of finite type. For a Fock-Goncharov dual pair of positive spaces of finite type, we use tropical friezes and cluster-additive functions to explicitly express the Fock-Goncharov pairing between their tropical points and the bijections between global monomials on one and tropical points of the other.
For a cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ of geometric type, a $\textit{frieze}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ is defined to be a $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra homomorphism from $\mathcal{A}$ to $\mathbb{Q}$ that takes positive integer values on all cluster variables and all frozen variables. We present some basic facts on friezes, including frieze testing criteria, the notion of $\textit{frieze points}$ when $\mathcal{A}$ is finitely generated, and pullbacks of friezes under certain $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra homomorphisms. When the cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is acyclic, we define $\textit{frieze patterns associated to acyclic seeds of }\mathcal{A}$, generalizing the $\textit{ frieze patterns with coefficients of type } A$ studied by J. Propp and by M. Cuntz, T. Holm, and P. Jorgensen, and we give a sufficient condition for such frieze patterns to be equivalent to friezes. For the special cases when $\mathcal{A}$ has an acyclic seed with either trivial coefficients, principal coefficients, or what we call the $\textit{BFZ coefficients}$ (named after A. Berenstein, S. Fomin, and A. Zelevinsky), we identify frieze points of $\mathcal{A}$ both geometrically as certain positive integral points in explicitly described affine varieties and Lie theoretically (in the finite case) in terms of reduced double Bruhat cells and generalized minors on the associated semi-simple Lie groups. Furthermore, extending the gliding symmetry of the classical Coxeter frieze patterns of type $A$, we determine the symmetry of frieze patterns of any finite type with arbitrary coefficients.
Using tools from Dirac geometry and through an explicit construction, we show that every Poisson homogeneous space of any Poisson Lie group admits an integration to a symplectic groupoid. Our theorem follows from a more general result which relates, for a principal bundle $M\to M/H$, integrations of a Dirac structure on $M/H$ to $H$-admissible integrations of its pullback Dirac structure on $M$ by pre-symplectic groupoids. Our construction gives a distinguished class of explicit real or holomorphic pre-symplectic and symplectic groupoids over semi-simple Lie groups and some of their homogeneous spaces, including their symmetric spaces, conjugacy classes, and flag varieties. In a more general framework, we also show integrability of all homogeneous spaces of ${\mathcal{LA}}^\vee$-Lie groups in the sense of E. Meinrenken.
Let $G$ be a connected complex semi-simple Lie group and ${\mathcal{B}}$ its flag variety. For every positive integer $n$, we introduce a Poisson groupoid over ${\mathcal{B}}^n$, called the $n$th total configuration Poisson groupoid of flags of $G$, which contains a family of Poisson sub-groupoids whose total spaces are generalized double Bruhat cells and bases generalized Schubert cells. Certain symplectic leaves of these Poisson sub-groupoids are then shown to be symplectic groupoids over generalized Schubert cells. We also give explicit descriptions of symplectic leaves in three series of Poisson varieties associated to $G$.
Let $G$ be a connected and simply connected complex semisimple Lie group. For a collection of homogeneous $G$-spaces $G/Q$, we construct a finite atlas ${\mathcal{A}}_{\rm BS}(G/Q)$ on $G/Q$, called the Bott-Samelson atlas, and we prove that all of its coordinate functions are positive with respect to the Lusztig positive structure on $G/Q$. We also show that the standard Poisson structure $π_{G/Q}$ on $G/Q$ is presented, in each of the coordinate charts of ${\mathcal{A}}_{\rm BS}(G/Q)$, as a symmetric Poisson CGL extension (or a certain localization thereof) in the sense of Goodearl-Yakimov, making $(G/Q, π_{G/Q}, {\mathcal{A}}_{\rm BS}(G/Q))$ into a Poisson-Ore variety. Examples of $G/Q$ include $G$ itself, $G/T$, $G/B$, and $G/N$, where $T \subset G$ is a maximal torus, $B \subset G$ a Borel subgroup, and $N$ the uniradical of $B$.
Let $G$ be a connected complex semi-simple Lie group, and let $Z_{\bf u}$ be an $n$-dimensional Bott-Samelson variety of $G$, where ${\bf u}$ is any sequence of simple reflections in the Weyl group of $G$. We study the Poisson structure $π_n$ on $Z_{\bf u}$ defined by a standard multiplicative Poisson structure $π_{\rm st}$ on $G$. We explicitly express $π_n$ on each of the $2^n$ affine coordinate charts, one for every subexpression of ${\bf u}$, in terms of the root strings and the structure constants of the Lie algebra of $G$. We show that the restriction of $π_n$ to each affine coordinate chart gives rise to a Poisson structure on the polynomial algebra ${\mathbb{C}}[z_1, \ldots, z_n]$ which is an {\it iterated Poisson Ore extension} of $\mathbb{C}$ compatible with a rational action by a maximal torus of $G$. For canonically chosen $π_{\rm st}$, we show that the induced Poisson structure on ${\mathbb{C}}[z_1, \ldots, z_n]$ for every affine coordinate chart is in fact defined over ${\mathbb Z}$, thus giving rise to an iterated Poisson Ore extension of any field ${\bf k}$ of arbitrary characteristic. The special case of $π_n$ on the affine chart corresponding to the full subexpression of ${\bf u}$ yields an explicit formula for the standard Poisson structures on {\it generalized Bruhat cells} in Bott-Samelson coordinates. The paper establishes the foundation on generalized Bruhat cells and sets up the stage for their applications, some of which are discussed in the Introduction of the paper.
Let $G$ be any connected and simply connected complex semisimple Lie group, equipped with a standard holomorphic multiplicative Poisson structure. We show that the Hamiltonian flows of all the Fomin-Zelevinsky twisted generalized minors on every double Bruhat cell of $G$ are complete in the sense that all the integral curves of their Hamiltonian vector fields are defined on ${\mathbb{C}}$. It follows that all the Kogan-Zelevinsky integrable systems on $G$ have complete Hamiltonian flows, generalizing the result of Gekhtman and Yakimov for the case of $SL(n, {\mathbb{C}})$. We in fact construct a class of integrable systems with complete Hamiltonian flows associated to {\it generalized Bruhat cells} which are defined using arbitrary sequences of elements in the Weyl group of $G$, and we obtain the results for double Bruhat cells through the so-called open {\it Fomin-Zelevinsky embeddings} of (reduced) double Bruhat cells in generalized Bruhat cells. The Fomin-Zelevinsky embeddings are proved to be Poisson, and they provide global coordinates on double Bruhat cells, called {\it Bott-Samelson coordinates}, in which all the Fomin-Zelevinsky minors become polynomials and the Poisson structure can be computed explicitly.
Let $G$ be a connected complex semisimple Lie group, equipped with a standard multiplicative Poisson structure $π_{\rm st}$ determined by a pair of opposite Borel subgroups $(B, B_-)$. We prove that for each $v$ in the Weyl group $W$ of $G$, the double Bruhat cell $G^{v,v} = BvB \cap B_-vB_-$ in $G$, together with the Poisson structure $π_{\rm st}$, is naturally a Poisson groupoid over the Bruhat cell $BvB/B$ in the flag variety $G/B$. Correspondingly, every symplectic leaf of $π_{\rm st}$ in $G^{v,v}$ is a symplectic groupoid over $BvB/B$. For $u, v \in W$, we show that the double Bruhat cell $(G^{u,v}, π_{\rm st})$ has a naturally defined left Poisson action by the Poisson groupoid $(G^{u, u},π_{\rm st})$ and a right Poisson action by the Poisson groupoid $(G^{v,v}, π_{\rm st})$, and the two actions commute. Restricting to symplectic leaves of $π_{\rm st}$, one obtains commuting left and right Poisson actions on symplectic leaves in $G^{u,v}$ by symplectic leaves in $G^{u, u}$ and in $G^{v,v}$ as symplectic groupoids.
We introduce and study some mixed product Poisson structures on product manifolds associated to Poisson Lie groups and Lie bialgebras. For quasitriangular Lie bialgebras, our construction is equivalent to that of fusion products of quasi-Poisson G-manifolds introduced by Alekseev, Kosmann- Schwarzbach, and Meinrenken. Our primary examples include four series of holomorphic Poisson structures on products of flag varieties and related spaces of complex semi-simple Lie groups.
For a connected abelian Lie group T acting on a Poisson manifold (Y,π) by Poisson isomorphisms, the T-leaves of π in Y are, by definition, the orbits of the symplectic leaves of π under T, and the leaf stabilizer of a T-leaf is the subspace of the Lie algebra of T that is everywhere tangent to all the symplectic leaves in the T-leaf. In this paper, we first develop a general theory on T-leaves and leaf stabilizers for a class of Poisson structures defined by Lie bialgebra actions and quasitriangular r-matrices. We then apply the general theory to four series of holomorphic Poisson structures on products of flag varieties and related spaces of a complex semi-simple Lie group G. We describe their T-leaf decompositions, where T is a maximal torus of G, in terms of (open) extended Richardson varieties and extended double Bruhat cells associated to conjugacy classes of G, and we compute their leaf stabilizers and the dimension of the symplectic leaves in each T -leaf.
Let $G$ be a connected complex semisimple Lie group with a fixed maximal torus $T$ and a Borel subgroup $B \supset T$. For an arbitrary automorphism $θ$ of $G$, we introduce a holomorphic Poisson structure $π_θ$ on $G$ which is invariant under the $θ$-twisted conjugation by $T$ and has the property that every $θ$-twisted conjugacy class of $G$ is a Poisson subvariety with respect to $π_θ$. We describe the $T$-orbits of symplectic leaves, called $T$-leaves, of $π_θ$ and compute the dimensions of the symplectic leaves (i.e, the ranks) of $π_θ$. We give the lowest rank of $π_θ$ in any given $θ$-twisted conjugacy class, and we relate the lowest possible rank locus of $π_θ$ in $G$ with spherical $θ$-twisted conjugacy classes of $G$. In particular, we show that $π_θ$ vanishes somewhere on $G$ if and only if $θ$ induces an involution on the Dynkin diagram of $G$, and that in such a case a $θ$-twisted conjugacy class $C$ contains a vanishing point of $π_θ$ if and only if $C$ is spherical.
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field ${\bf k}$ of characteristic not equal to 2, let $\B$ be the variety of all Borel subgroups of $G$, and let $K$ be a symmetric subgroup of $G$. Fixing a closed $K$-orbit in $\B$, we associate to every $K$-orbit on $\B$ some subsets of the Weyl group of $G$, and we study them as invariants of the $K$-orbits. When ${\bf k} = {\mathbb C}$, these invariants are used to determine when an orbit of a real form of $G$ and an orbit of a Borel subgroup of $G$ have non-empty intersection in $\B$. We also characterize the invariants in terms of admissible paths in the set of $K$-orbits in $\B$.
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $þ$ be an automorphism of $G$. We give a characterization of $þ$-twisted spherical conjugacy classes in $G$ by a formula for their dimensions in terms of certain elements in the Weyl group of $G$, generalizing a result of N. Cantarini, G. Carnovale, and M. Costantini when $þ$ is the identity automorphism. For $G$ simple and $þ$ an outer automorphism of $G$, we also classify the Weyl group elements that appear in the dimension formula.