Pretrain-to-alignment learning paradigm to improve geophysical AI applicability under scarce field labels and synthetic-to-field gaps: A case study of relative geologic time estimation in global shelf-edge clinothems
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to various geophysical scenarios, yet its practical deployment remains limited by scarce field labels, pronounced synthetic-to-field domain gaps, and insufficient physical consistency under complex and variable field conditions. To address these challenges, we propose a pretrain-to-alignment learning paradigm that systematically integrates self-supervised pretraining, synthetic supervision, prior-driven refinement, and domain-adaptation fine-tuning into a unified progressive learning workflow. In this paradigm, geophysical AI models are developed through sequential stages that progressively build field-relevant representations, task-specific mapping capability, field consistency, and target-specific adaptability. We validate this paradigm using cross-survey relative geologic time (RGT) estimation in global shelf-edge clinothems as a representative case study. Results from 3,000 field datasets spanning multiple sedimentary basins demonstrate that the proposed paradigm achieves accurate, robust, and well-generalized performance across diverse field surveys, while significantly improving fine-scale stratigraphic and structural details. More broadly, this study provides a practical methodological reference for a broader range of geophysical AI tasks, such as interpretation, regression, and inversion problems.