arXiv subjects

Jiayi Pan

Publications and source records attributed to Jiayi Pan.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2023

Grounding Visual Illusions in Language: Do Vision-Language Models Perceive Illusions Like Humans?

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are trained on vast amounts of data captured by humans emulating our understanding of the world. However, known as visual illusions, human's perception of reality isn't always faithful to the physical world. This raises a key question: do VLMs have the similar kind of illusions as humans do, or do they faithfully learn to represent reality? To investigate this question, we build a dataset containing five types of visual illusions and formulate four tasks to examine visual illusions in state-of-the-art VLMs. Our findings have shown that although the overall alignment is low, larger models are closer to human perception and more susceptible to visual illusions. Our dataset and initial findings will promote a better understanding of visual illusions in humans and machines and provide a stepping stone for future computational models that can better align humans and machines in perceiving and communicating about the shared visual world. The code and data are available at https://github.com/vl-illusion/dataset.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2023

Data-Efficient Learning of Natural Language to Linear Temporal Logic Translators for Robot Task Specification

To make robots accessible to a broad audience, it is critical to endow them with the ability to take universal modes of communication, like commands given in natural language, and extract a concrete desired task specification, defined using a formal language like linear temporal logic (LTL). In this paper, we present a learning-based approach for translating from natural language commands to LTL specifications with very limited human-labeled training data. This is in stark contrast to existing natural-language to LTL translators, which require large human-labeled datasets, often in the form of labeled pairs of LTL formulas and natural language commands, to train the translator. To reduce reliance on human data, our approach generates a large synthetic training dataset through algorithmic generation of LTL formulas, conversion to structured English, and then exploiting the paraphrasing capabilities of modern large language models (LLMs) to synthesize a diverse corpus of natural language commands corresponding to the LTL formulas. We use this generated data to finetune an LLM and apply a constrained decoding procedure at inference time to ensure the returned LTL formula is syntactically correct. We evaluate our approach on three existing LTL/natural language datasets and show that we can translate natural language commands at 75\% accuracy with far less human data ($\le$12 annotations). Moreover, when training on large human-annotated datasets, our method achieves higher test accuracy (95\% on average) than prior work. Finally, we show the translated formulas can be used to plan long-horizon, multi-stage tasks on a 12D quadrotor.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2022

DANLI: Deliberative Agent for Following Natural Language Instructions

Recent years have seen an increasing amount of work on embodied AI agents that can perform tasks by following human language instructions. However, most of these agents are reactive, meaning that they simply learn and imitate behaviors encountered in the training data. These reactive agents are insufficient for long-horizon complex tasks. To address this limitation, we propose a neuro-symbolic deliberative agent that, while following language instructions, proactively applies reasoning and planning based on its neural and symbolic representations acquired from past experience (e.g., natural language and egocentric vision). We show that our deliberative agent achieves greater than 70% improvement over reactive baselines on the challenging TEACh benchmark. Moreover, the underlying reasoning and planning processes, together with our modular framework, offer impressive transparency and explainability to the behaviors of the agent. This enables an in-depth understanding of the agent's capabilities, which shed light on challenges and opportunities for future embodied agents for instruction following. The code is available at https://github.com/sled-group/DANLI.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2022

Multi-domain Integrative Swin Transformer network for Sparse-View Tomographic Reconstruction

Decreasing projection views to lower X-ray radiation dose usually leads to severe streak artifacts. To improve image quality from sparse-view data, a Multi-domain Integrative Swin Transformer network (MIST-net) was developed in this article. First, MIST-net incorporated lavish domain features from data, residual-data, image, and residual-image using flexible network architectures, where residual-data and residual-image sub-network was considered as data consistency module to eliminate interpolation and reconstruction errors. Second, a trainable edge enhancement filter was incorporated to detect and protect image edges. Third, a high-quality reconstruction Swin transformer (i.e., Recformer) was designed to capture image global features. The experiment results on numerical and real cardiac clinical datasets with 48-views demonstrated that our proposed MIST-net provided better image quality with more small features and sharp edges than other competitors.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2022

FairEdit: Preserving Fairness in Graph Neural Networks through Greedy Graph Editing

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to excel in predictive modeling tasks where the underlying data is a graph. However, as GNNs are extensively used in human-centered applications, the issue of fairness has arisen. While edge deletion is a common method used to promote fairness in GNNs, it fails to consider when data is inherently missing fair connections. In this work we consider the unexplored method of edge addition, accompanied by deletion, to promote fairness. We propose two model-agnostic algorithms to perform edge editing: a brute force approach and a continuous approximation approach, FairEdit. FairEdit performs efficient edge editing by leveraging gradient information of a fairness loss to find edges that improve fairness. We find that FairEdit outperforms standard training for many data sets and GNN methods, while performing comparably to many state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating FairEdit's ability to improve fairness across many domains and models.

cs.LG↗