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Jie Sheng

Publications and source records attributed to Jie Sheng.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

TAPES: Task-Aligned Joint Predictive Pretraining for Transaction Event Sequences

Transaction event sequences support diverse prediction tasks in online commerce and digital financial services. The same transaction records can yield prediction targets with different semantics, including values, changes, and relations to past events. These targets impose different constraints on history representations, but their predictability alone does not establish the downstream utility of a target set. Moreover, target-wise prediction losses do not explicitly model conditional co-occurrence among targets. To address these challenges, we propose TAPES, a task-aligned joint predictive pretraining framework for transaction sequences. TAPES constructs a finite collection of candidate target sets from admissible field-operator combinations. It selects a target set according to the downstream utility of representations learned through short joint pretraining trials under matched budgets. It then reinitializes the encoder and pretrains it on the selected targets through a joint likelihood parameterized by a shared discrete latent variable, before downstream supervised adaptation. Experiments in a real-world transaction-risk setting and on multiple public financial benchmarks spanning diverse downstream tasks demonstrate that TAPES outperforms representative baselines. Ablation studies further validate the contributions of predictive target selection and joint modeling.

cs.LG↗

InterFuse: Interaction-Guided Adaptive Fusion of Heterogeneous Models for Payment Risk Ranking

Payment platforms use view-specific models trained on transaction attributes, behavioral histories, and relational structures to rank transactions under limited review budgets. However, existing fusion methods often focus on prediction scores or interactions among model representations, with less attention to how these interactions should guide aggregation using each model's original prediction and input coverage. To address this limitation, we propose InterFuse, a fusion framework that uses a shared fusion state from cross-model interaction to guide transaction-adaptive aggregation. InterFuse encodes each model's representation, prediction score, and input coverage as a model-specific token, using learned states for unavailable outputs. Availability-aware attention updates these tokens and produces a shared fusion state. This state then guides aggregation over available models using their updated representations, original predictions, and input coverage. We evaluate InterFuse on an industrial payment replay and three public financial benchmarks using the same upstream models across fusion methods. InterFuse achieves the highest top-ranked recall and AUC on all four datasets, improving Recall@1% by 1.11-8.09 percentage points over the strongest baselines. Ablations show the benefits of cross-model interaction and adaptive aggregation, while industrial analyses find larger interaction gains when model predictions disagree. Additional analyses examine robustness to missing outputs and the trade-off between ranking gains and fusion latency.

cs.AI↗

HALO: Human-Grounded Granular Evaluation of Proactive Agents

Proactive agents must decide whether, when, and how far to assist without an explicit request. Existing evaluations often rely on automated scores or binary verdicts, offering limited human diagnosis of evidence use and intervention quality. To address these gaps, we introduce HALO, Human-Grounded GrAnular EvaLuation of PrOactive Agents. HALO-Arena covers 4 proactive need types, Dependency, Blockage, Risk, and Opportunity, across 10 everyday domains and 50 personal environments. Scenarios require agents to retrieve evidence from structured databases or unstructured documents before judging whether assistance is warranted and choosing its scope. On HALO-Arena, we construct HALO-8K, a dataset of 8,000 responses from 10 models across 400 scenarios, annotated by 20 experts for action level, acceptability verdicts, and human diagnosis. For rejected responses, human diagnosis covers timing, intensity, and other issues. Recorded reasoning tokens and retrieval rounds measure the effort behind these responses. The best proprietary and open-source models achieve 72.88% and 56.63% acceptability, respectively. Our central finding is that over-proactivity is the dominant observed failure mode, with Premature timing or Excessive intensity accounting for 61.20% of rejected responses. Further analyses yield complementary findings on the balance between intervention and restraint, evidence acquisition, and the calibration of timing and intensity.

cs.CL↗

TRIDENT-Seq: Profile-Matched Prefix-Future Contrast for Label-Efficient Payment Risk Modeling

Ant International accumulates large volumes of transaction history across users and payment businesses. Confirmed fraud and chargeback outcomes, by contrast, are scarce, delayed, and specific to each business. A single encoder pretrained on unlabeled histories could serve all businesses, but only if pretraining captures the behavior that separates risk. Coarse activity differences can make contrastive pretraining on transaction logs too easy: transaction volume, amount, and timing can distinguish a history's continuation from arbitrary candidates without modeling how payment resources are used. We present TRIDENT-Seq, a transaction foundation model trained with Prefix-Future Contrast (PFC). PFC matches each prefix to a summary of its subsequent behavior among candidates with similar activity profiles; activity prediction and dispersion regularization act on the encoder output. Across three production payment businesses, the pretrained encoder improves average precision (AP) and recall at a 0.5% intervention budget over architecture-matched scratch training in all six business-budget settings. With a fixed validation set, it exceeds full-label scratch training in mean AP and recall using 10% of the training labels on Wallet and 25% on Shopping and SME. Pretraining only on another business's histories still helps. Replacing profile-matched candidates with random ones cuts recall from 24.62% to 5.64%. In Ant International's deployment evaluation, recorded amount-based chargeback and overall loss rates are 37.7% and 37.9% lower than those of the previous XGBoost-based system under the same intervention budget.

cs.LG↗

LLM-Enhanced Heterogeneous Graph Learning with Business Semantics for Financial Fraud Detection

Financial fraud detection increasingly relies on heterogeneous transaction graphs, in which entities such as cards and merchants play distinct business roles and the risk meaning of an attribute depends on the entity's role: a high transaction volume may be routine for a merchant but unusual for a card. Heterogeneous graph neural networks preserve typed entities and relations but typically treat these attributes as role-agnostic inputs and leave their business meaning implicit. Meanwhile, most existing methods integrating large language models (LLMs) with graphs focus on homogeneous graphs or heterogeneous graphs with naturally available textual attributes, leaving their use on transaction graphs with structured attributes underexplored. To address this issue, we propose SemHGT, an LLM-enhanced framework that interprets structured attributes according to entity roles and makes the business semantics explicit in three stages: (1) role-aware prompts elicit risk-related business descriptions from node attributes, and a text encoder maps them to semantic vectors that enrich node representations; (2) semantic similarity guides multi-round sampling of target-specific path instances under transaction-to-transaction schemas; (3) schema-level tokens that combine local path evidence with global neighbor summaries are processed together with the target transaction by a unified transformer. Across three benchmark datasets, SemHGT leads the evaluated baselines on most dataset--metric comparisons. Further analyses provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of SemHGT's design and clarify how its semantic modeling and evidence selection contribute to fraud detection. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SemHGT-528A/.

cs.AI↗

Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds from Vacuum-Dependent Thermal Dark Matter

The origin of supermassive black holes, especially those already present at high redshift, remains an open problem. We propose that their seeds are primordial black holes formed from rare overdense regions of conventional thermal DM. A spectator scalar with two degenerate vacua gives the DM different masses, and hence different freeze-out abundances, in the two vacua. Inflationary fluctuations populate the vacuum containing the heavier relic only in exponentially rare patches. As the Universe cools, the density contrast of these patches grows sufficiently large for the patches to collapse into PBHs after horizon re-entry. We derive the resulting PBH mass function and show that it is sharply concentrated near a lower cutoff while reproducing the mass scale and abundance required for SMBH seeds. Since the overdensities originate from a rare, non-Gaussian population rather than from an enhancement of nearly Gaussian primordial curvature perturbations, the usual CMB spectral-distortion constraint does not directly apply. The construction also correlates the seed population with the dark-sector spectrum and the inflation scale, providing complementary avenues for testing the scenario.

hep-ph↗

Enhanced Dark Matter Quantum Sensing via Phase-Space Geometric Interferometry

We propose a quantum sensing protocol for coupled qubit-oscillator systems that enhances the sensitivity by exploiting a geometric phase for dark matter searches. Instead of letting the cavity evolve freely under a weak dark matter background, we combine large coherent displacements and squeezing operations within the evolution protocol, thereby mapping the signal onto an enhanced quantum phase determined by the geometric area enclosed in phase space. Relative to the conventional free-evolution scheme, the protocol enhances the quantum Fisher information and improves the projected sensitivities to cavity-based detection of dark-photon and axion dark matter.

hep-ph↗

The LUX-ZEPLIN Event as Hyperfine Spectroscopy of Composite Dark Matter

We propose that the $248\,\mathrm{keV}$ nuclear-recoil candidate reported by LUX--ZEPLIN can arise from the endothermic hyperfine excitation of composite dark matter. Rather than requiring two distinct dark-sector particles, the inelasticity of scattering arises from a hyperfine transition between the pseudoscalar and vector states of a single dark hadron. In a PQ-augmented dark QCD framework, the parity-conserving vacuum suppresses dangerous elastic scattering, while axion emission depletes the relic excited-state population. Endothermic excitation near the Galactic kinematic edge then naturally produces a localized high-energy recoil peak. We find that sub-TeV-scale dark matter with a hyperfine splitting of a few hundred keV can yield an order-one event rate in the LZ high-recoil window. This interpretation offers a possible form of dark-matter hyperfine spectroscopy, with complementary tests from dark-photon searches and future recoil-spectrum measurements.

hep-ph↗

Distinct many-body scars and emergent quantum phases driven by competing interactions in two-species Rydberg arrays

Rydberg atom arrays composed of multiple atomic species stand as a highly promising platform for quantum computation. However, the underlying physics of these systems as quantum many-body systems remains poorly understood, owing to the intricate competition between attractive and repulsive interactions, phenomena that entirely defy the Rydberg blockade mechanism. We systematically calculate the ground-state phase diagram of alternating two-species atom arrays and their quench dynamics. Our findings reveal several novel quantum states absent in traditional cold-atom platforms, such as the period-4 product state $|1100...\rangle$, the period-6 product state $|111000...\rangle$, and an order-disorder mixed phase. In the quench dynamics, we confirm $\mathbb{Z}_2$ ordered state qualify as novel quantum many-body scars. Based on our perturbation analysis, the underlying physics ought to be described by a series of Cooper pair states spanning the entire energy spectrum, rather than the PXP low-energy effective model. A detailed analysis is also provided regarding the experimental preparation of those product states. Numerical evidence demonstrates that the proposed scheme exhibits robustness against typical experimental imperfections, thereby confirming its experimental feasibility. Moreover, the ground-state problem of the two-species array naturally maps to more general combinatorial optimization problems, extending the class of optimization tasks accessible to programmable neutral-atom quantum processors. Our work paves a new way for quantum simulation of novel quantum many-body states, which emerge from the interplay between competing interactions among different atom species and quantum fluctuations.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

FinFraudBench: A Heterogeneous Graph Benchmark for Financial Fraud Detection

The increasing complexity of digital financial systems has reshaped financial fraud detection from isolated transaction classification into relational risk reasoning over interconnected financial entities. This shift has motivated graph-based fraud detection, where models identify fraudulent nodes by exploiting dependencies among customers, cards, merchants, categories, and locations. However, despite rapid progress in graph-based methods, existing public benchmarks remain misaligned with real-world financial systems in two important aspects. First, they often simplify financial ecosystems into homogeneous or single-node-type multi-relational graphs, failing to preserve the multi-entity and multi-relational nature of financial data. Second, they rarely provide large-scale heterogeneous financial graph datasets with realistic operating conditions such as extreme class imbalance and limited label availability, making it difficult to assess the practical effectiveness of current methods. To address these gaps, we present FinFraudBench, a heterogeneous graph benchmark for financial fraud detection. FinFraudBench contains two heterogeneous graph datasets (CreditCard-Fraud and BankTrans-Fraud) with up to 8.99M nodes and 89.23M directed typed edges. Each dataset preserves six financial entity types, fourteen directed edge types, and natural fraud rates that mirror deployment constraints. With these datasets, we establish a standardized evaluation protocol covering both ranking and imbalance-sensitive classification metrics, and evaluate representative baselines. Extensive experiments yield empirical insights into current methods' limitations and suggest promising avenues for future research. FinFraudBench is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/FinFraudBench-B002.

cs.LG↗

Enhanced Rydberg-Atom Superheterodyne Detection of Hidden-Photon Dark Matter on Chips

Although hidden-photon dark matter with masses above $10^{-4}\,\mathrm{eV}$ is well motivated by inflationary production, it remains largely unexplored by terrestrial experiments. Through kinetic mixing, hidden photons induce a weak oscillating electric field above $10\,\mathrm{GHz}$. We propose to amplify this signal using a compact high-frequency distributed cavity and detect it with chip-scale Rydberg-atom superheterodyne spectroscopy. Combining resonant enhancement, large dipole moments of Rydberg atoms, and long-term stable integration, this approach can probe hidden-photon dark matter in the mass range $5 \times 10^{-5}\text{--}7\times 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{eV}$ with sensitivities $3$--$4$ orders of magnitude beyond existing limits.

hep-ph↗

Relativistic Atomic Effects of Dark Matter Electron Scattering

The dark matter scattering with atomic bound electrons is a crucial avenue for exploring the sub-GeV mass range. The commonly used factorization, where atomic effects are encoded in an overall form factor multiplying the free-electron scattering matrix element, is not necessarily true. Especially, the free-electron kinematics and phase space cannot consistently apply for off-shell bound electrons. Starting from the first principles of quantum field theory, we establish a theoretically consistent formalism to account for the atomic effects. By taking the scalar-type interaction as an example, we investigate the difference between the non-relativistic and relativistic calculations to show that the relativistic effects can lead to a $30\% \sim 50\%$ reduction in the scattering phase space and differential cross section. In other words, not just a theoretically consistent formalism for the atomic effects but also relativistic calculation with Dirac equation are necessary.

hep-ph↗

Macroscopic Quantum Interference in Dark Matter Wave Scattering with MICROSCOPE

Ultralight dark matter behaves as a coherent wave, yet its quantum interference effects of elastic scattering with multiple targets have remained unexplored. We show that the nested test masses of MICROSCOPE realize such an ``interferometer'' for dark-matter wave scattering. Amplitudes from the two concentric cylinders interfere and redistribute the induced force between them. This effect produces unique and rotation-modulated signals set by the target geometry. Developing the theoretical framework and applying it to MICROSCOPE data, we obtain leading constraints on quadratic dark-matter--nucleon coupling for masses $10^{-3}$--$10^{-2}\,$eV, reaching cross sections of order $10^{-52}$ cm$^2$.

hep-ph↗

High-Quality Axion Dark Matter without Isocurvature Problem

Axion dark matter in high-scale inflation is subject to the isocurvature constraint, since quantum fluctuations of the axion field during inflation may exceed the current CMB bound. One conventional way to suppress these fluctuations is to assume that the Peccei-Quinn field has a large expectation value during inflation. However, this mechanism becomes ineffective when the axion domain wall number is large. In this work, we point out that a high-quality axion protected by a discrete gauge symmetry can naturally evade this problem. A Peccei-Quinn-violating but gauge-invariant operator induces a large effective axion mass during inflation, thereby suppressing the axion fluctuation. The same setup can address both the axion quality problem and the isocurvature problem, while leading to a prediction for the axion parameter space to be verified in future experiments.

hep-ph↗

WIMP Dark Matter from a Natural Discrete Gauge Symmetry in the Standard Model

The internal structure of the Standard Model implies a natural $\mathbb{Z}_4 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$ discrete gauge symmetry. Cancellation of the corresponding Dai--Freed anomalies requires the introduction of three right-handed neutrinos and three additional Majorana fermions $χ_i$. This gauge symmetry forbids the decay of the lightest fermion $χ_1$ into Standard Model particles, rendering it automatically stable and providing a dark matter candidate without introducing an ad hoc stabilizing symmetry and domain-wall problem. The mass of $χ_1$ is generated by the vacuum expectation value of a singlet scalar near the electroweak scale, naturally realizing a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) freeze-out scenario. Dark matter annihilation proceeds through scalar mediation, allowing the observed relic abundance to be reproduced while remaining consistent with current direct-detection constraints. It naturally realizes the secluded dark matter scenario and can be further tested in the next generation of experiments.

hep-ph↗

Testing Electromagnetic Memory via Acceleration-Induced Phase Imprints in Superconductors

Electromagnetic memory is an infrared observable of gauge theory associated with soft photons and large gauge transformations. Despite its fundamental theoretical importance, it has not yet been experimentally verified. From a phenomenological perspective, a transient electromagnetic configuration can leave a persistent gauge-invariant phase imprint on charged coherent states after the local field has vanished. We point out that the electric field and associated gauge potential induced inside a normal conductor by gravitational acceleration can provide a clean source for imprinting this phase, and it can then be read out through a superconducting protocol. For representative parameters, the predicted signal can lie within the range of present sensitivities, providing a possible tabletop route toward testing electromagnetic memory.

hep-ph↗

Ultrafast Non-Volatile Weyl LuminoMem for Mid-Infrared In-Memory Computing

Integrated optoelectronic systems strive to combine the logic/memory density of electronics with the bandwidth of photonics, but monolithic realization is impeded by the inefficient electronic-to-photonic interface. Current architectures rely on separate readout circuitry and modulators, creating bottlenecks in energy and latency, while existing direct transduction methods often compromise on switching speed or non-volatility. Here, we report an ultrafast, non-volatile optoelectronic memory, named LuminoMem, that integrates electrical storage and mid-infrared light emission in a single device. The device utilizes a floating-gate architecture, in which the Weyl semiconductor tellurium serves simultaneously as a charge-trapping storage layer and an emissive medium. This design enables nanosecond-scale electrical programming of non-volatile photoluminescence at 3.4 um, allowing direct optical access to stored states without external modulation. We demonstrate 4-bit (16-level) optical storage capacity and validate the device's performance through neural network simulations that achieve high accuracy on the Fashion-MNIST dataset. By effectively bridging the gap between electronic storage and mid-infrared photonics, the demonstrated mid-infrared LuminoMem provides a hardware foundation for promoting current computation efficiency and potential intelligent platforms that co-integrate computing, memory, and sensing capabilities.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Gate-Tunable Mid-Infrared Electroluminescence from Te/MoS2 p-n Heterojunctions

Mid-infrared (MIR) emitters are critical components in advanced photonic systems, driving progress in fields such as chemical sensing, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, thermal imaging and free-space communications. Conventional MIR emitters based on III-V heterostructures rely on complex epitaxial growth on rigid lattice-matched substrates and suffer from limited integration compatibility with CMOS or flexible platforms. The recent development of novel MIR emitters based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as black phosphorus (BP) is more suitable for on-chip applications but faces challenges related to stability and emission efficiency. Based on the recently discovered highly efficient photoluminescence of Te, we demonstrate a gate-tunable midinfrared light-emitting diode based on a van der Waals heterojunction formed by multilayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MoS2 and tellurium (Te). The device emits polarized electroluminescence (EL) centered at 3.5 $μ$m under forward bias at 25 K, and the EL persists up to 80 K with reduced intensity. Gate control of the MoS2 Fermi level modulates the band alignment and injection efficiency, enabling dynamic tuning of the EL intensity. The emission remains spectrally stable under varying bias and gating, indicating robust band-edge recombination. These results establish the Te/TMD heterostructure as a promising platform for integrated polarized mid-infrared optoelectronics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗