arXiv subjects

Jie Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Jie Zhang.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources

arXiv2011

Optimizing and controlling functions of complex networks by manipulating rich-club connections

Traditionally, there is no evidence suggesting that there are strong ties between the rich-club property and the function of complex networks. In this study, we find that whether a very small portion of rich nodes connected to each other or not can strongly affect the frequency of occurrence of basic building blocks (motif) within networks, and therefore the function, of a heterogeneous network. Conversely whether a homogeneous network has a rich-club property or not generally has no significant effect on its structure and function. These findings open the possibility to optimize and control the function of complex networks by manipulating rich-club connections. Furthermore, based on the subgraph ratio profile, we develop a more rigorous approach to judge whether a network has a rich-club or not. The new method does not calculate how many links there are among rich nodes but depends on how the links among rich nodes can affect the overall structure as well as function of a given network. These results can also help us to understand the evolution of dynamical networks and design new models for characterizing real-world networks.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2011

Omni-tomography/Multi-tomography -- Integrating Multiple Modalities for Simultaneous Imaging

Current tomographic imaging systems need major improvements, especially when multi-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-parametric phenomena are under investigation. Both preclinical and clinical imaging now depend on in vivo tomography, often requiring separate evaluations by different imaging modalities to define morphologic details, delineate interval changes due to disease or interventions, and study physiological functions that have interconnected aspects. Over the past decade, fusion of multimodality images has emerged with two different approaches: post-hoc image registration and combined acquisition on PET-CT, PET-MRI and other hybrid scanners. There are intrinsic limitations for both the post-hoc image analysis and dual/triple modality approaches defined by registration errors and physical constraints in the acquisition chain. We envision that tomography will evolve beyond current modality fusion and towards grand fusion, a large scale fusion of all or many imaging modalities, which may be referred to as omni-tomography or multi-tomography. Unlike modality fusion, grand fusion is here proposed for truly simultaneous but often localized reconstruction in terms of all or many relevant imaging mechanisms such as CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, US, optical, and possibly more. In this paper, the technical basis for omni-tomography is introduced and illustrated with a top-level design of a next generation scanner, interior tomographic reconstructions of representative modalities, and anticipated applications of omni-tomography.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2011

A module-theoretic interpretation of Schiffler's expansion formula

We give a module-theoretic interpretation of Schiffler's expansion formula which is defined combinatorially in terms of complete (T,r)-paths in order to get the expansion of the cluster variables in the cluster algebra of a marked surface (S,M). Based on the geometric description of the indecomposable objects of the cluster category of the marked surface (S,M), we show the coincidence of Schiffler-Thomas' expansion formula and the cluster character defined by Palu.

math.RT↗

arXiv2011

Interspecies singlet pairing in a mixture of two spin-1 Bose condensates

We study the ground state properties of a mixture formed by two spin-1 condensates in the absence of an external magnetic field. As the collisional symmetry between interspecies bosonic atoms is broken, the interspecies coupling interaction ($β$) and interspecies singlet pairing interaction ($γ$) arise. The ground state can be calculated using the angular momentum theory analytically for $γ=0$. The full quantum approach of exact diagonalization is adopted numerically to consider the more general case as $γ\neq 0$. We illustrate the competition between the two interspecies interactions and find that as singlet pairing interaction dominates (or the total spin vanishes), there are still different types of singlet formations which are well determined by $β$.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2011

Magnetization Oscillation of a Spinor Condensate Induced by Magnetic Field Gradient

We study the spin mixing dynamics of ultracold spin-1 atoms in a weak non-uniform magnetic field with field gradient $G$, which can flip the spin from +1 to -1 so that the magnetization $m=ρ_{+}-ρ_{-}$ is not any more a constant. The dynamics of $m_F=0$ Zeeman component $ρ_{0}$, as well as the system magnetization $m$, are illustrated for both ferromagnetic and polar interaction cases in the mean-field theory. We find that the dynamics of system magnetization can be tuned between the Josephson-like oscillation similar to the case of double well, and the interesting self-trapping regimes, i.e. the spin mixing dynamics sustains a spontaneous magnetization. Meanwhile the dynamics of $ρ_0$ may be sufficiently suppressed for initially imbalanced number distribution in the case of polar interaction. A "beat-frequency" oscillation of the magnetization emerges in the case of balanced initial distribution for polar interaction, which vanishes for ferromagnetic interaction.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2011

Hierarchical organization of brain functional network during visual task

In this paper, the brain functional networks derived from high-resolution synchronous EEG time series during visual task are generated by calculating the phase synchronization among the time series. The hierarchical modular organizations of these networks are systematically investigated by the fast Girvan-Newman algorithm. At the same time, the spatially adjacent electrodes (corresponding to EEG channels) are clustered into functional groups based on anatomical parcellation of brain cortex, and this clustering information are compared to that of the functional network. The results show that the modular architectures of brain functional network are in coincidence with that from the anatomical structures over different levels of hierarchy, which suggests that population of neurons performing the same function excite and inhibit in identical rhythms. The structure-function relationship further reveals that the correlations among EEG time series in the same functional group are much stronger than those in different ones and that the hierarchical organization of brain functional network may be a consequence of functional segmentation of brain cortex.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2010

Rich-club connectivity dominates assortativity and transitivity of complex networks

Rich-club, assortativity and clustering coefficients are frequently-used measures to estimate topological properties of complex networks. Here we find that the connectivity among a very small portion of the richest nodes can dominate the assortativity and clustering coefficients of a large network, which reveals that the rich-club connectivity is leveraged throughout the network. Our study suggests that more attention should be payed to the organization pattern of rich nodes, for the structure of a complex system as a whole is determined by the associations between the most influential individuals. Moreover, by manipulating the connectivity pattern in a very small rich-club, it is sufficient to produce a network with desired assortativity or transitivity. Conversely, our findings offer a simple explanation for the observed assortativity and transitivity in many real world networks --- such biases can be explained by the connectivities among the richest nodes.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2010

Atomic number fluctuations in a mixture of two spinor condensates

We study particle number fluctuations in the quantum ground states of a mixture of two spin-1 atomic condensates when the interspecies spin-exchange coupling interaction $c_{12}β$ is adjusted. The two spin-1 condensates forming the mixture are respectively ferromagnetic and polar in the absence of an external magnetic (B-) field. We categorize all possible ground states using the angular momentum algebra and compute their characteristic atom number fluctuations, focusing especially on the the AA phase (when $ c_{12}β>0$), where the ground state becomes fragmented and atomic number fluctuations exhibit drastically different features from a single stand alone spin-1 polar condensate. Our results are further supported by numerical simulations of the full quantum many-body system.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2010

On the Cluster Category of a Marked Surface

We study in this paper the cluster category C(S,M) of a marked surface (S,M). We explicitly describe the objects in C(S,M) as direct sums of homotopy classes of curves in (S,M) and one-parameter families related to closed curves in (S,M). Moreover, we describe the Auslander-Reiten structure of the category C(S,M) in geometric terms and show that the objects without self-extensions in C(S,M) correspond to curves in (S,M) without self-intersections. As a consequence, we establish that every rigid indecomposable object is reachable from an initial triangulation.

math.RT↗

arXiv2010

Solar LImb Prominence CAtcher and Tracker (SLIPCAT): An Automated System and Its Preliminary Statistical Results

In this paper, we present an automated system, which has the capability to catch and track solar limb prominences based on observations from EUV 304 passband. The characteristic parameters and their evolution, including height, position angle, area, length and brightness, are obtained without manual interventions. By applying the system to the STEREO-B/SECCHI/EUVI 304 data during 2007 April -2009 October, we obtain a total of 9477 well-tracked prominences and a catalog of these events available online at http://space.ustc.edu.cn/dreams/slipcat/. A detailed analysis of these prominences suggests that the system has a rather good performance. We have obtained several interesting statistical results based on the catalog. Most prominences appear below the latitude of 60 degrees and at the height of about 26 Mm above the solar surface. Most of them are quite stable during the period they are tracked. Nevertheless, some prominences have an upward speed of more than 100 km/s, and some others show significant downward and/or azimuthal speeds. There are strong correlations among the brightness, area and height. The expansion of a prominence is probably one major cause of its fading during the rising or erupting process.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2010

Quantum states of a binary mixture of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

We study the structure of quantum states for a binary mixture of spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. In contrast to collision between identical bosons, the s-wave scattering channel between inter-species does not conform to a fixed symmetry. The spin-dependent Hamiltonian thus contains non-commuting terms, making the exact eigenstates more challenging to obtain because they now depend more generally on both the intra- and inter-species interactions. We discuss two limiting cases, where the spin-dependent Hamiltonian reduces respectively to sums of commuting operators. All eigenstates can then be directly constructed, and they are independent of the detailed interaction parameters.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2009

Revising the simple measures of assortativity in complex networks

We find that traditional statistics for measuring degree mixing are strongly affected by superrich nodes. To counteract and measure the effect of superrich nodes, we propose a paradigm to quantify the mixing pattern of a real network in which different mixing patterns may appear among low-degree nodes and among high-degree nodes. The new paradigm and the simple revised measure uncover the true complex degree mixing patterns of complex networks with superrich nodes. The new method indicates that some networks show a false disassortative mixing induced by superrich nodes, and have no tendency to be genuinely disassortative. Our results also show that the previously observed fragility of scale-free networks is actually greatly exacerbated by the presence of even a very small number of superrich nodes.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2009

An Analytical Model Probing the Internal State of Coronal Mass Ejections Based on Observations of Their Expansions and Propagations

In this paper, a generic self-similar flux rope model is proposed to probe the internal state of CMEs in order to understand the thermodynamic process and expansion of CMEs in interplanetary space. Using this model, three physical parameters and their variations with heliocentric distance can be inferred based on coronagraph observations of CMEs' propagation and expansion. One is the polytropic index $Γ$ of the CME plasma, and the other two are the average Lorentz force and the thermal pressure force inside CMEs. By applying the model to the 2007 October 8 CME observed by STEREO/SECCHI, we find that (1) the polytropic index of the CME plasma increased from initially 1.24 to more than 1.35 quickly, and then slowly decreased to about 1.34; it suggests that there be continuously heat injected/converted into the CME plasma and the value of $Γ$ tends to be 4/3, a critical value inferred from the model for a force-free flux rope; (2) the Lorentz force directed inward while the thermal pressure force outward, and both of them decreased rapidly as the CME moved out; the direction of the two forces reveals that the thermal pressure force is the internal driver of the CME expansion whereas the Lorentz force prevented the CME from expanding. Some limitations of the model and approximations are discussed meanwhile.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2009

Effect of Electron Screening on the Collapsing Process of Core-Collapse Supernovae

By using an average heavy nuclei model, the effects of the electron screening on electron capture (EC) in core-collapse supernovae are investigated. A one-dimension code based on the Ws15$M_{\sun}$ progenitor model is utilized to test the effects of electron screening during the collapsing process. The results show that, at high densities, the effects of EC on electron capture becomes significant. During the collapsing stage, the EC rate is decreased, the collapse timescale is prolonged and the leakage of the neutrino energy is increased. These effects lead to an appreciable decrease in the initial energy of the bounce shock wave. The effects of electron screeening in the other progenitor models are also discussed.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2009

X-ray Astronomy in the Laboratory with a Miniature Compact Object Produced by Laser-Driven Implosion

Laboratory spectroscopy of non-thermal equilibrium plasmas photoionized by intense radiation is a key to understanding compact objects, such as black holes, based on astronomical observations. This paper describes an experiment to study photoionizing plasmas in laboratory under well-defined and genuine conditions. Photoionized plasma is here generated using a 0.5-keV Planckian x-ray source created by means of a laser-driven implosion. The measured x-ray spectrum from the photoionized silicon plasma resembles those observed from the binary stars Cygnus X-3 and Vela X-1 with the Chandra x-ray satellite. This demonstrates that an extreme radiation field was produced in the laboratory, however, the theoretical interpretation of the laboratory spectrum significantly contradicts the generally accepted explanations in x-ray astronomy. This model experiment offers a novel test bed for validation and verification of computational codes used in x-ray astronomy.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2009

Mapping from Architecture to Dynamics: A Unified View of Dynamical Processes on Networks

Although it is unambiguously agreed that structure plays a fundamental role in shaping the dynamics of complex systems, this intricate relationship still remains unclear. We investigate a general computational transformation by which we can map the network topology directly to the dynamical patterns emergent on it -- independent of the nature of the dynamical process. We find that many seemingly diverse dynamical processes such as coupled oscillators and diffusion phenomena can all be understood and unified through this same procedure. Using the multiscale complexity measure derived form the structure-dynamics transformation, we find that the topological features like hierarchy, heterogeneity and modularity all result in higher complexity. This result suggests a universal principle: it is the desire for functional diversity that drives the evolution of network architecture.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv2009

Entropic origin of stress correlations in granular materials

We study the response of granular materials to external stress using experiment, simulation, and theory. We derive an entropic, Ginzburg-Landau functional that enforces mechanical stability and positivity of contact forces. In this framework, the elastic moduli depend only on the applied stress. A combination of this feature and the positivity constraint leads to stress correlations whose shape and magnitude are extremely sensitive to the applied stress. The predictions from the theory describe the stress correlations for both simulations and experiments semiquantitatively.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2008

A Comparative Study Between Eruptive X-class Flares Associated with Coronal Mass Ejections and Confined X-class Flares

We examine the two kinds of major energetic phenomena that occur in the solar atmosphere: eruptive and confined events. The former describes flares with associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs), while the latter denotes flares without associated CMEs. We find that about 90% of X-class flares are eruptive, but the remaining 10% are confined. To probe why the largest energy releases could be either eruptive or confined, we investigate four X-class events from each of the two types. Both sets of events are selected to have very similar intensities (X1.0 to X3.6) and duration (rise time under 13 minutes and decay time not over 9 minutes) in soft X-ray observations, to reduce any bias due to flare size on CME occurrence. We find that the occurrence of eruption (or confinement) is sensitive to the displacement of the location of the energy release, defined as the distance between the flare site and the flux-weighted magnetic center of the source active region. The displacement is 6 - 17 Mm for confined events but as large as 22 - 37 Mm for eruptive events. This means that confined events occur closer to the magnetic center, while the eruptive events tend to occur close to the edge of active regions. We use the potential field source-surface model to infer the coronal magnetic field above the source active regions and calculate the flux ratio of low (<1.1 Rs) to high (>1.1 Rs) corona. We find that the confined events have a lower ratio (<5.7) than the eruptive events (>7.1). These results imply that a stronger overlying arcade field may prevent energy releases in the low corona from being eruptive, resulting in flares, but without CMEs.

astro-ph↗