arXiv subjects

Jihong Huang

Publications and source records attributed to Jihong Huang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Spatial sparse sampling-based iterative optimization framework for GNSS Direct Position Estimation

Direct position estimation (DPE), a promising technique in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, enables estimation of position, velocity, and time (PVT) solutions directly from correlator outputs. The conventional grid search (GS)-based DPE is computationally intensive, as it relies solely on locating the peak of the cross ambiguity function (CAF), and it does not fully leverage the PVT information present in the correlation values. This paper proposes an iterative optimization DPE framework that capitalizes on spatial coherence and spatial gradient via spatial sparse sampling (SS). In SS-DPE framework, the correlation outputs of spatial sampled PVT points all serve as measurements, where the spatial gradient and spatial coherence are derived to capture the information density and diversity of different correlation values. The analytical Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) is derived and indicates that both spatial coherence and gradient determine the theoretical performance limit via the noise covariance and Jacobian matrices analysis. The proposed theoretical framework not only validates the feasibility of sparse sampling but also guides weight optimization to distinct correlation values, effectively integrating these insights with a general gradient-based optimization. Theoretical derivations are validated via Monte Carlo simulations. Field experiments further demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed SS-DPE optimization framework. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed SS-DPE achieves comparable PVT estimation accuracy to the conventional GS-DPE while consumes only sparsely sampled correlation values, improving the information utilization efficiency and reducing the computation load.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2026

Efficient LOS-Sampled GNSS Direct Position Estimation: An Information-Loss CRB Analysis

Conventional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Direct Position Estimation (DPE) exploits raw intermediate-frequency (IF) data and provides a full-information Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) benchmark, but its accumulated-correlation objective requires dense evaluations over a common Position, Velocity, and Time (PVT) search space. This paper proposes an efficient Line-of-Sight (LOS)-sampled DPE, where each satellite channel independently retains only PVT sample points aligned with its LOS direction. A residual-minimization estimator is formulated to resolve the mismatch between accumulated-correlation metrics and per-satellite LOS sampling. The Fisher information matrix (FIM) and information-loss CRB of LOS-sampled DPE are derived, quantifying the information loss determined by LOS sampling parameters. Theoretical analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, and real experiments show that proper LOS sampling approaches the full-information CRB and practical performance of conventional DPE, while reducing the number of correlation evaluations from exponential to linear growth.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2026

Revealing precision bounds on neutrino oscillation parameters with quantum estimation theory

Quantum estimation theory provides ultimate precision bounds on parameter estimation, independent of experimental setups. In this article, we apply this theoretical framework to neutrino oscillations, aiming to clarify some subtle issues and reveal the maximum achievable precision of oscillation parameters. First, taking the example of two-flavor oscillations, we clarify how the quantum Fisher information (QFI) depends on the choice of bases when the basis transformation itself involves the parameters in question. Then, for three-flavor oscillations, we compute the QFI matrix for electron and muon neutrino states in the flavor basis and derive analytical expressions and numerical results for both diagonal and off-diagonal elements. The implications of off-diagonal correlations for multiparameter estimation are discussed, and the quantum Cramér-Rao bounds on the precision of oscillation parameters for typical reactor and long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments are obtained. Our results establish a theoretical benchmark for the ultimate precision achievable in future neutrino oscillation experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Precision Higgs Boson Probe of Type-II Seesaw Models

Despite direct searches at the LHC excluding tripletlike Higgs bosons up to several hundred GeV over much of the type-II seesaw model parameter space, parts of it -- most notably those featuring ``cascade decays'' of the charged Higgs bosons into their neutral partners and off-shell $W$ bosons -- still remain unconstrained. Meanwhile, measurements of the diphoton signal strength of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson -- potentially modified by loop contributions from tripletlike Higgs states -- are in good agreement with the SM expectation, with combined experimental uncertainties currently at approximately 8%. Given the trend in previous measurements, it is expected that future precision Higgs measurements at the HL-LHC and a future lepton collider such as the Circular Electron Positron Collider, Future Circular Collider, or Muon Collider will be consistent the standard diphoton signal strength, albeit with significantly reduced uncertainties, down to about 0.7%. Presuming this and considering all relevant constraints, we explore whether such increasingly precise diphoton measurements can indirectly probe the parameter space that currently evades direct searches. We find that subpercent-level determinations of the diphoton rate will decisively probe a substantial fraction of this otherwise elusive region.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Probing unitarity violation of lepton flavor mixing matrix with reactor antineutrinos at JUNO and TAO

Motivated by the precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters at Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), we investigate the possibility of probing the unitarity violation of lepton flavor mixing matrix solely with reactor antineutrinos. First, we stress that it is necessary to reconsider the production and detection of neutrinos in a self-consistent way, apart from neutrino propagation, when analyzing experimental sensitivities to unitarity violation. Then, concentrating on JUNO and its satellite experiment Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO), we demonstrate how the event rates of inverse beta decays (i.e., $\overlineν^{}_e + p \to e^+ + n$) for observing $\overlineν^{}_e \to \overlineν^{}_e$ oscillations, and those of elastic antineutrino-electron scattering (i.e., $\overlineν^{}_α+ e^- \to \overlineν^{}_α+ e^-$ with $α= e, μ, τ$) for $\overlineν^{}_e \to \overlineν^{}_μ$ and $\overlineν^{}_e \to \overlineν^{}_τ$ oscillations, depend on the parameters characterizing unitarity violation. Our investigation will be useful for JUNO and TAO to place independent constraints with more data in the near future.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

One-loop Renormalization of the Type-I Seesaw Model in the Modified Minimal-subtraction Scheme

Extending the Standard Model (SM) with three right-handed neutrinos, the type-I seesaw model serves as the simplest and most natural scenario to successfully explain both tiny neutrino masses and the baryon number asymmetry in the Universe. In this paper, we perform a complete one-loop renormalization of the type-I seesaw model in the modified minimal-subtraction ($\overline{\rm MS}$) scheme. The one-loop self-energy corrections of charged leptons and Majorana neutrinos are calculated in the $R_ξ^{}$ gauge, and the explicit expressions of all the counterterms for wave functions, fermion masses and the leptonic flavor mixing matrix are given. Furthermore, adopting the Euler-like parametrization of the $6\times 6$ unitary leptonic flavor mixing matrix, we derive one-loop renormalization-group equations for all the physical parameters in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme, including neutrino masses, mixing angles and CP-violating phases. The modification of the one-loop renormalization of the original SM parameters due to the presence of heavy Majorana neutrinos is investigated as well. In this way, we provide a self-consistent theoretical framework to thoroughly test the type-I seesaw model at the one-loop level with future precision data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

One-loop Renormalization of the Type-I Seesaw Model in the On-shell Scheme

In this paper, we continue to carry out the one-loop renormalization of the type-I seesaw model in the on-shell scheme. Different from the modified minimal-subtraction ($\overline{\rm MS}$) scheme, such an investigation is mainly motivated by the fact that the on-shell scheme has been widely adopted in the renormalization of the standard electroweak theory and implemented for its precision tests. We first specify the physical parameters in the on-shell scheme, and then fix the corresponding counterterms through on-shell renormalization conditions. In the presence of massive Majorana neutrinos, we propose a practical method to determine gauge-independent counterterms for the lepton flavor mixing matrix. With the explicit counterterms in both the $\overline{\rm MS}$ and on-shell schemes, we establish the matching relations of the electric charge, physical masses and flavor mixing matrix elements between these two schemes. Our results in the present and previous papers lay the foundation for precision calculations in the type-I seesaw model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

One-Loop Effects in the Neutrino Matter Potential and Implications for Non-Standard Interactions

In this work, we emphasize that it is necessary to take into account one-loop corrections of $2.0\%$ to the neutrino matter potential in the precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and in the experimental searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. With the numerical simulation of the DUNE experiment, we study how radiative corrections to the matter potential affect neutrino oscillation probabilities, and thus, the event rates in the presence of neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs). We find that neglecting one-loop corrections may lead to wrong conclusions for the discovery of NSIs. The implications for the determination of neutrino mass ordering and constraints on the NSI parameters in future long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments are explored in a quantitative way.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

The detection of cosmic neutrino background with helicity-changing decays

In this talk, we present the investigation of the invisible decays of a heavy massive neutrino into a lighter neutrino and a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson, i.e., $ν_i^{} \to ν_j^{} + ϕ$. The total decay rates are calculated in the most general case, where the individual helicities of both parent and daughter neutrinos are specified. We then examine the evolution of the number densities of cosmological relic neutrinos throughout the expansion of the Universe, and explore the consequent impacts on the capture rates in PTOLEMY-like experiments. The total event rates can be significantly modified compared to those in the scenario of stable neutrinos, with helicity-changing decays playing an especially important role in the Dirac neutrino case.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Elastic Neutrino-electron Scattering at the One-loop Level in the Standard Model

In this paper, we perform a complete calculation of the differential cross section for elastic neutrino-electron scattering at the one-loop level in the Standard Model (SM), by using up-to-date values of relevant input parameters in the on-shell renormalization scheme. A careful comparison with the calculation done by Sarantakos, Sirlin and Marciano more than forty years ago in the same scheme is carried out, and an excellent agreement is found if the same values of input parameters are taken. Then we apply our results to compute the event rates for the detection of reactor antineutrinos in both JUNO and TAO experiments, which are now under construction and will soon be in operation. It should be emphasized that one-loop radiative corrections in the SM must be taken into account in the first place when searching for possible new-physics effects in the coming era of precision neutrino physics.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Geometrical portrait of Multipath error propagation in GNSS Direct Position Estimation

Direct Position Estimation (DPE) is a method that directly estimate position, velocity, and time (PVT) information from cross ambiguity function (CAF) of the GNSS signals, significantly enhancing receiver robustness in urban environments. However, there is still a lack of theoretical characterization on multipath errors in the context of DPE theory. Geometric observations highlight the unique characteristics of DPE errors stemming from multipath and thermal noise as estimation bias and variance respectively. Expanding upon the theoretical framework of DPE noise variance through geometric analysis, this paper focuses on a geometric representation of multipath errors by quantifying the deviations in CAF and PVT solutions caused by off-centering bias relative to the azimuth and elevation angles. A satellite circular multipath bias (SCMB) model is introduced, amalgamating CAF and PVT errors from multiple satellite channels. The boundaries for maximum or minimum PVT bias are established through discussions encompassing various multipath conditions. The correctness of the multipath geometrical portrait is confirmed through both Monte Carlo simulations and urban canyon tests. The findings indicate that the maximum PVT bias depends on the largest multipath errors observed across various satellite channels. Additionally, the PVT bias increases with satellite elevation angles, influenced by the CAF multipath bias projection. This serves as a reference for selecting DPE satellites from a geometric standpoint, underscoring the importance of choosing a balanced combination of high and low elevation angles to achieve an optimal satellite geometry configuration.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2025

Effects of the Matter Potential at One-Loop Level on Neutrino Oscillations in Long-Baseline Experiments

In this work, we investigate in a quantitative way how much radiative corrections to the matter potential for neutrino oscillations can impact the sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering in long-baseline accelerator experiments. Using numerical simulations for the future experiment DUNE, we find that the statistical significance for excluding the incorrect mass ordering can be enhanced by about $0.4σ$ if a one-loop correction of $2.0\%$ -- based on the Fermi coupling constant $G^{}_μ$ derived from measurements of muon lifetime -- is included. The radiative corrections at one-loop level lead to resolving the neutrino mass ordering at $5σ$ confidence level 4-9 days earlier than at tree level. In contrast, the sensitivity to leptonic CP violation in DUNE is essentially unchanged. Finally, we emphasize that one-loop corrections should be incorporated into analyses of future neutrino oscillation data in a consistent and systematic manner.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Experimental Constraints on Seesaw Parameters in the Wigner-like Parametrization

By introducing three right-handed neutrino singlets, the popular canonical seesaw mechanism is able to simultaneously explain the tiny masses of Majorana neutrinos and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this paper, we provide an explicit calculation in this model with the help of the Wigner-like parametrization. We work in a special ansatz where both ${\bf m}_{\rm D}^\dagger {\bf m}_{\rm D}^{}$ and ${\bf m}_{\rm R}^\dagger {\bf m}_{\rm R}^{}$ are diagonal, with ${\bf m}_{\rm D}^{}$ and ${\bf m}_{\rm R}^{}$ being accordingly the Dirac and Majorana neutrino mass matrices, and $[{\bf m}_{\rm D}^\dagger {\bf m}_{\rm D}^{}, {\bf m}_{\rm R}^\dagger {\bf m}_{\rm R}^{}] = {\bf 0}$ holds. Physical observables can be exactly calculated without any approximation, where three light Majorana neutrino masses $m_i^{}$, leptonic mixing angles $θ_{ij}^{}$, CP-violating phases $\{δ,ρ,σ\}$, and three rotation angles $\vartheta_i^{}$ describing the hierarchy between electroweak and seesaw scales are chosen as input parameters. For demonstration, we evaluate the branching fractions of the lepton-flavor-violating decays of charged leptons and the CP-violating asymmetries in the resonant thermal leptogenesis. The model parameters are constrained by the latest experimental limits.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Helicity-changing Decays of Cosmological Relic Neutrinos

In this paper, we examine the possibility that massive neutrinos are unstable due to their invisible decays $ν^{}_i \to ν^{}_j + ϕ$, where $ν^{}_i$ and $ν^{}_j$ (for $i, j = 1, 2, 3$) are any two of neutrino mass eigenstates with masses $m^{}_i > m^{}_j$ and $ϕ$ is a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson, and explore the implications for the detection of cosmological relic neutrinos in the present Universe. First, we carry out a complete calculation of neutrino decay rates in the general case where the individual helicities of parent and daughter neutrinos are specified. Then, the invisible decays of cosmological relic neutrinos are studied and their impact on the capture rates on the beta-decaying nuclei (e.g., $ν^{}_e + {^3{\rm H}} \to {^3{\rm He}} + e^-$) is analyzed. The invisible decays of massive neutrinos could substantially change the capture rates in the PTOLEMY-like experiments when compared to the case of stable neutrinos. In particular, we find that the helicity-changing decays of Dirac neutrinos play an important role whereas those of Majorana neutrinos have no practical effects. However, if a substantial fraction of heavier neutrinos decay into the lightest one, the detection of relic neutrinos will require a much higher energy resolution and thus be even more challenging.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Degrade to Function: Towards Eco-friendly Morphing Devices that Function Through Programmed Sequential Degradation

While it seems counterintuitive to think of degradation within an operating device as beneficial, one may argue that when rationally designed, the controlled breakdown of materials can be harnessed for specific functions. To apply this principle to the design of morphing devices, we introduce the concept of Degrade to Function (DtF). This concept aims to create eco-friendly and self-contained morphing devices that operate through a sequence of environmentally-triggered degradations. We explore its design considerations and implementation techniques by identifying environmental conditions and degradation types that can be exploited, evaluating potential materials capable of controlled degradation, suggesting designs for structures that can leverage degradation to achieve various transformations and functions, and developing sequential control approaches that integrate degradation triggers. To demonstrate the viability and versatility of this design strategy, we showcase several application examples across a range of environmental conditions.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2024

A Nearest-neighbor Expansion of Lepton Flavor Mixing in Powers of the $μ$-$τ$ Permutation Symmetry Breaking Effect

We point out that the observed pattern of lepton flavor mixing can be well described by a proper nearest-neighbor expansion of a constant $3\times 3$ unitary matrix in powers of a small parameter characterizing the fine effect of $μ$-$τ$ permutation symmetry breaking. We take an example of this kind for illustration, and provide complete discussions on the usefulness in the study of leptonic CP violation and unitarity triangles in matter.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Weiss-Weinstein bound of frequency estimation error for very weak GNSS signals

Tightness remains the center quest in all modern estimation bounds. For very weak signals, this is made possible with judicial choices of prior probability distribution and bound family. While current bounds in GNSS assess performance of carrier frequency estimators under Gaussian or uniform assumptions, the circular nature of frequency is overlooked. In addition, of all bounds in Bayesian framework, Weiss-Weinstein bound (WWB) stands out since it is free from regularity conditions or requirements on the prior distribution. Therefore, WWB is extended for the current frequency estimation problem. A divide-and-conquer type of hyperparameter tuning method is developed to level off the curse of computational complexity for the WWB family while enhancing tightness. Synthetic results show that with von Mises as prior probability distribution, WWB provides a bound up to 22.5% tighter than Ziv-Zakaï bound (ZZB) when SNR varies between -3.5 dB and -20 dB, where GNSS signal is deemed extremely weak.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2023

The Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein Matter Potential at the One-loop Level in the Standard Model

When neutrinos are propagating in ordinary matter, their coherent forward scattering off background particles results in the so-called Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) matter potential, which plays an important role in neutrino flavor conversions. In this paper, we present a complete one-loop calculation of the MSW matter potential in the Standard Model (SM). First, we carry out the one-loop renormalization of the SM in the on-shell scheme, where the electromagnetic fine-structure constant $α$, the weak gauge-boson masses $m^{}_W$ and $m^{}_Z$, the Higgs-boson mass $m^{}_h$ and the fermion masses $m^{}_f$ are chosen as input parameters. Then, the finite corrections to the scattering amplitudes of neutrinos with the electrons and quarks are calculated, and the one-loop MSW matter potentials are derived. Adopting the latest values of all physical parameters, we find that the relative size of one-loop correction to the charged-current matter potential of electron-type neutrinos or antineutrinos turns out to be $6\%$, whereas that to the neutral-current matter potential of all-flavor neutrinos or antineutrinos can be as large as $8\%$. The calculations are also performed in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme and compared with previous results in the literature.

hep-ph↗