arXiv subjects

Jin-Hee Yoon

Publications and source records attributed to Jin-Hee Yoon.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Analysis of the near-side ridge structure in pp collisions via Momentum-Kick Model

The near-side ridge structure has been observed in the long-range two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions, such as AuAu collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) and PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Hydrodynamic models have successfully explained the ridge structure in heavy-ion collisions, indicating the presence of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Interestingly, similar ridge structures have been detected in high-multiplicity proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, which are classified as small systems in the LHC experiments. Because small systems have been considered insufficient to generate QGP, the applicability of theories developed for heavy-ion collisions to small systems remains controversial. Assuming that kinematic effects play a more significant role in small systems, we expect that the Momentum-Kick Model (MKM) can provide a satisfactory explanation. This model elucidates the long-range and near-side ridge structure in dihadron $Δη-Δϕ$ correlation by explaining that jet particles kick and rearrange medium partons along the direction of the jets. In this study, we apply the MKM to explain high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at both 13 TeV and 7 TeV in the LHC over various ranges of momenta. Furthermore, we introduce multiplicity dependence in the model to account for the 13 TeV data at various multiplicity ranges. We conclude that the MKM effectively explains the near-side ridge structure observed in proton-proton collisions. The LHC has entered Run 3, achieving higher center-of-mass energies and better luminosity than Run 2. We offer $Δϕ$ correlation predictions for pp collisions at 14 TeV and suggest possible extensions of the MKM for future studies.

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arXiv2024

The study on the multiplicity dependence of ridge behavior in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the LHC

The long-range near-side ridge phenomenon in two-particle correlation is crucial for understanding the motion of partons after high-energy heavy-ion collisions. While it has been well explained by the hydrodynamic flow effect of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions, the recent observation of the ridge structure in small systems has led to debates about the applicability of hydrodynamic models to explain the phenomenon since the collisions in small systems could not be sufficient to produce the medium required by the QGP matter. The Momentum Kick Model (MKM), on the other hand, explains the long-range near-side ridge phenomenon by the kinematic process; the high-momentum jet particles collide with medium partons, transfer their momentum to them (called the ``kick" process), and induce collective motion of the kicked-partons resulting in the ridge phenomenon. This MKM has successfully described the ridge structure in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC. Furthermore, since the ridge phenomenon in small systems is prominent in high-multiplicity events, the MKM with multiplicity dependence (MKMwM) has been studied in $pp$ collisions at the LHC using a relationship between the number of kicked-partons and the multiplicity through an impact parameter. In this research, we extend the previous study with more recent experimental data-driven parameters and apply them to the new measurements that have a wider multiplicity range with $p_T$ and $ΔΦ$ bins at the LHC. Simultaneously, we not only provide a theoretical basis for the ridge behavior from the new measurements but also predict the ridge structure at the energies scheduled by the LHC in the upcoming Run 3 experiments.

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arXiv2020

Momentum-kick model application to high multiplicity pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ at the LHC

In this study, the momentum-kick model is used to understand the ridge behaviours in dihadron $Δη$--$Δφ$ correlations recently reported by the LHC in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions. The kick stand model is based on a momentum kick by leading jets to partons in the medium close to the leading jets. The medium where partons move freely is assumed in the model regardless of collision systems. This helps us apply the method to small systems like pp collisions in a simple way. Also, the momentum transfer is purely kinematic and this provides us a strong way to approach the ridge behaviour analytically. There are already several results with this approach in high-energy heavy-ion collisions from the STAR and PHENIX at RHIC and from the CMS at LHC. The momentum-kick model is extended to the recent ridge results in high-multiplicity pp collisions with the ATLAS and CMS at LHC. The medium property in high-multiplicity pp collisions is diagnosed with the result of the model.

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arXiv2011

On the Mass Difference between pion and rho meson using a Relativistic Two-Body Model

The big mass difference between the pion and rho meson possibly originates from the spin-dependent nature of the interactions in the two states since these two states are similar except for spin. Both pi and rho are quark-antiquark systems which can be treated using the two-body Dirac equations (TBDE) of constraint dynamics. This relativistic approach for two-body system has the advantage over the non-relativistic treatment in the sense that the spin-dependent nature is automatically coming out from the formalism. We employed Dirac's relativistic constraint dynamics to describe quark-antiquark systems. Within this formalism, the 16-component Dirac equation is reduced to the 4-component 2nd-order differential equation and the radial part of this equation is simply a Schroedinger-type equation with various terms calculated from the basic radial potential. We used a modified Richardson potential for quark-antiquark systems which satisfies the conditions of confinement and asymptotic freedom. We obtained the wave functions for these two mesons which are not singular at short distances. We also found that the cancellation between the Darwin and spin-spin interaction terms occurs in the pi mass but not in the rho mass and this is the main source of the big difference in the two meson masses.

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arXiv2010

Empirical predictions of yrast energies in even-even nuclei

The lowest excitation energies of the given multipole J^pi state (the J^pi yrast energies) are given for even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. The yrast energies were calculated using the recently proposed empirical formula that depends only on the mass number A, and the valence nucleon numbers Np and Nn. We provide a complete tabulation and plots of the yrast energies calculated using the empirical formula together with the ones measured for the natural parity states up to 10+ and for the unnatural parity states up to 10^+ with the hope of encouraging active study on the possible origin of the relationship between the yrast energies, as revealed by the empirical formula.

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arXiv2009

Empirical formula extended to the yrast excitation energies of the unnatural parity states in even-even nuclei

Recently, it was shown that a simple empirical formula, in terms of the mass and valence nucleon numbers, can describe the main trends of the yrast excitation energies of the natural parity states up to $10^+$ in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. The same empirical formula was applied to the yrast excitation energies of unnatural parity states including $1^+$, $2^-$, $3^+$, $4^-$, $5^+$, $6^-$, $7^+$, $8^-$, $9^+$, $10^-$, and $11^+$ in even-even nuclei. Although the overall character of the effective residual interaction for the unnatural parity states was quite different to that of the natural parity states, the same form of the empirical formula was found to hold reasonably well for the yrast excitation energies of the unnatural parity states.

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arXiv2009

Singularity Structures in Coulomb-Type Potentials in Two Body Dirac Equations of Constraint Dynamics

Two Body Dirac Equations (TBDE) of Dirac's relativistic constraint dynamics have been successfully applied to obtain a covariant nonperturbative description of QED and QCD bound states. Coulomb-type potentials in these applications lead naively in other approaches to singular relativistic corrections at short distances that require the introduction of either perturbative treatments or smoothing parameters. We examine the corresponding singular structures in the effective potentials of the relativistic Schroedinger equation obtained from the Pauli reduction of the TBDE. We find that the relativistic Schroedinger equation lead in fact to well-behaved wave function solutions when the full potential and couplings of the system are taken into account. The most unusual case is the coupled triplet system with S=1 and L={(J-1),(J+1)}. Without the inclusion of the tensor coupling, the effective S-state potential would become attractively singular. We show how including the tensor coupling is essential in order that the wave functions be well-behaved at short distances. For example, the S-state wave function becomes simply proportional to the D-state wave function and dips sharply to zero at the origin, unlike the usual S-state wave functions. Furthermore, this behavior is similar in both QED and QCD, independent of the asymptotic freedom behavior of the assumed QCD vector potential. Light- and heavy-quark meson states can be described well by using a simplified linear-plus-Coulomb-type QCD potential apportioned appropriately between world scalar and vector potentials. We use this potential to exhibit explicitly the origin of the large pi-rho splitting and effective chiral symmetry breaking. The TBDE formalism developed here may be used to study quarkonia in quark-gluon plasma environments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2008

Spin-dependent empirical formula for the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity states in even-even nuclei

We present an empirical expression which holds for the lowest excitation energy of the natural parity states in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. This formula contains spin-dependent factors so that it is applied to different multipole states with the same model parameters in contrast to the recently proposed empirical expression where the model parameters had to be fitted for each multipole separately.

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arXiv2008

Empirical formula applied to the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity odd multipole states in even-even nuclei

We applied our recently proposed empirical formula, a formula quite successful in describing essential trends of the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity even multipole states, to the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity odd multipole states in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. Even though the systematic behavior of the lowest excitation energies of odd multipole states is quite different from those of even multipole states, we have shown that the same empirical formula also holds reasonably well for the odd multipole states with the exception of a few certain instances.

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arXiv2008

$N_pN_n$ scheme and the valence proton-neutron interaction

We examine the common belief that the $N_pN_n$ scheme is manifested as a direct consequence of the valence proton-neutron interaction which has proven to be a dominant factor in developing collectivity in nuclei. We show that the simplification of the $N_pN_n$-plot of the lowest $2^+$ excitation energy is introduced merely because the excitation energy always decreases when the valence nucleon number becomes larger.

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arXiv2008

N_pN_n dependence of empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the 2^+ states in even-even nuclei

We examine the effects of the additional term of the type $\sim e^{- λ' N_pN_n}$ on the recently proposed empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the $2^+$ states in even-even nuclei. This study is motivated by the fact that this term carries the favorable dependence of the valence nucleon numbers dictated by the $N_pN_n$ scheme. We show explicitly that there is not any improvement in reproducing $E_x(2_1^+)$ by including the extra $N_pN_n$ term. However, our study also reveals that the excitation energies $E_x(2_1^+)$, when calculated by the $N_pN_n$ term alone (with the mass number $A$ dependent term), are quite comparable to those calculated by the original empirical formula.

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arXiv2008

Why does the recently proposed simple empirical formula for the lowest excitation energies work so well?

It has recently been shown that a simple empirical formula, in terms of the mass number and the valence nucleon numbers, is able to describe the main trends of the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity even multipole states up to $10^+$ in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. In an effort to understand why such a simple formula is so capable, we investigate the possibility of associating each term of the empirical formula with the specific part of the measured excitation energy graph.

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arXiv2007

N_p N_n Scheme Based on New Empirical Formula for Excitation Energy

We examine the $N_p N_n$ scheme based on a recently proposed simple empirical formula which is highly valid for the excitation energy of the first excited natural parity even multipole states in even-even nuclei. We demonstrate explicitly that the $N_p N_n$ scheme for the excitation energy emerges from the separate exponential dependence of the excitation energy on the valence nucleon numbers $N_p$ and $N_n$ together with the fact that only a limited set of numbers is allowed for the $N_p$ and $N_n$ of the existing nuclei.

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arXiv2004

Quantum Opacity, the RHIC HBT Puzzle, and the Chiral Phase Transition

We present a relativistic quantum mechanical treatment of opacity and refractive effects that allows reproduction of observables measured in two-pion (HBT) interferometry and pion spectra at RHIC. The inferred emission duration is substantial. The results are consistent with the emission of pions from a system that has a restored chiral symmetry.

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arXiv2004

Relativistic Generalization of the Gamow Factor for Fermion Pair Production or Annihilation

In the production or annihilation of a pair of fermions, the initial-state or final-state interactions often lead to significant effects on the reaction cross sections. For Coulomb-type interactions, the Gamow factor has been traditionally used to take into account these effects. However the Gamow factor needs to be modified when the magnitude of the coupling constant or the relative velocity of two particles increases. We obtain the relativistic generalization of the Gamow factor in terms of the overlap of the Feynman amplitude with the relativistic wave function of two fermions with an attractive Coulomb-type interaction. An explicit form of the corrective factor is presented for the spin-singlet S-wave state. While the corrective factor approaches the Gamow factor in the non-relativistic limit, we found that the Gamow factor significantly over-estimates the effects when the coupling constant or the velocity is large.

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arXiv1999

Relativistic Modification of the Gamow Factor

In processes involving Coulomb-type initial- and final-state interactions, the Gamow factor has been traditionally used to take into account these additional interactions. The Gamow factor needs to be modified when the magnitude of the effective coupling constant increases or when the velocity increases. For the production of a pair of particles under their mutual Coulomb-type interaction, we obtain the modification of the Gamow factor in terms of the overlap of the Feynman amplitude with the relativistic wave function of the two particles. As a first example, we study the modification of the Gamow factor for the production of two bosons. The modification is substantial when the coupling constant is large.

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