arXiv subjects

Jin-Wei Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Jin-Wei Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Mineral Detection of Neutrinos and Dark Matter 2026 Proceedings

The fourth "Mineral Detection of Neutrinos and Dark Matter" (MDvDM'26) meeting was held April 14-17, 2026 in Karlsruhe, Germany, hosted by the Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). These proceedings detail the contributions that were presented during MDvDM'26, illustrating the unprecedented progress in theoretical, computational and experimental studies towards the realization of the concept of mineral detectors. Mineral detectors represent an emerging particle detection concept that has risen in prominence in recent years due to the advent of modern computational and high-resolution microscopy techniques. Natural and synthetic crystals are capable of retaining microscopic damage features induced by nuclear recoils, which could be then read out with a variety of micrometer and nanometer resolution microscopy techniques. On laboratory time scales mineral detectors could be employed for reactor neutrino monitoring and dark matter detection, with the potential to measure the directions as well as the energies of the induced nuclear recoils. Uniquely, ancient natural crystals (so-called paleo-detectors) that have been recording nuclear recoils over geological timescales could be used for studying astrophysical neutrinos, cosmic rays, dark matter and heavy exotic particles, as well as the variation of their fluxes over our Galaxy's lifetime. In recent years the international MDvDM community has been successfully tackling the challenges associated with realizing the concept of mineral detectors, opening the pathway towards a fully fledged experimental program and potential future discoveries.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2026

Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves

We present a systematic study of gravitational wave (GW) signals from phase transitions and topological defects in a unified high-quality axion framework. The gauged $U(1)_g$ symmetry forbids any bias term that could lift the vacuum degeneracy, restricting the theory to the phenomenologically viable case $N_{\rm DW}=1$. Requiring the axion to account for the observed dark matter (DM) abundance and satisfy the high-quality condition constrains the gauge symmetry-breaking scale to $f_g \in [1.6\times10^{11},\,10^{16}]\,\mathrm{GeV}$ for the QCD axion, leading to a well-defined band of GW signals, part of which is consistent with current pulsar timing array observations. Two-step first-order phase transitions are common in this framework, with the lower-scale transition generating GWs with $f^{\rm peak} \gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^7)\,\mathrm{Hz}$. For axion-like realizations, generic post-inflation models predict GW spectra that are nearly degenerate with the QCD axion case. We conclude that GWs alone cannot distinguish between these scenarios, highlighting the need for complementary probes.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Mineral Detection of Cosmic-Ray Boosted Dark Matter

We present the first dedicated analysis of cosmic-ray boosted dark matter (CRDM) in paleo detectors. Owing to their large kinetic energies, CRDM particles generate nuclear-recoil tracks that extend to substantially larger lengths than those produced by dominant backgrounds from neutrinos and intrinsic radioactivity. Combined with the ultra-large effective geological exposure of $\mathcal{O}(10^{5})~\mathrm{t\,yr}$, paleo detectors provide a uniquely sensitive probe of sub-GeV DM. Considering both constant and vector-mediator interactions, we find that paleo detectors improve the sensitivity to the DM--proton scattering cross section by one to two orders of magnitude compared with the latest XENONnT limits.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter: Novel Signatures via Elastic and Inelastic Scattering

Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter (BBDM) is a novel mechanism whereby dark matter (DM) particles are accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies through interactions with blazar jets. Focusing on a vector portal DM model, we systematically investigate both elastic and inelastic scattering processes between DM and protons. By analyzing multi-messenger data from ground- and space-based observatories, we derive stringent constraints on the DM-proton scattering cross section $σ_{χp}$. Our results improve upon previous limits from the constant cross section and pure elastic scattering scenarios by several orders of magnitude. The distinctive high-energy gamma ray and neutrino fluxes produced through deep inelastic scattering provide powerful signatures for BBDM indirect detection, enabling constraints that significantly surpass those from traditional direct detection experiments. Notably, our results suggest that DM could be a new source of high-energy neutrinos from blazars, potentially offering an explanation for IceCube's observation of TXS 0506+056.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Large CP Violation from the Minimum Seesaw Model

The minimum seesaw model with two right-handed neutrinos is considered, where the lightest neutrino is naturally massless. Instead of adopting texture zeros in the lepton Yukawa matrices, which cause both theoretical and experimental troubles, here we propose two-$\boldsymbolε$ textures, where $\boldsymbolε$ is a small number. Combined with neutrino oscillation experimental data, we find that a large CP angle is preferred for the normal neutrino mass order. In contrast, the CP angle almost vanishes for the inverted order. This can be well-tested in near-future experiments, such as Hyper-Kamiokande. Besides, the predicted effective Majorana neutrino mass $m_{ee}$ and the total neutrino mass $\sum m^ν_i$ are also within reach of ongoing or future experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Predictions of $m_{ee}$ and neutrino mass from a consistent Froggatt-Nielsen model

The seesaw mechanism is the most attractive mechanism to explain the small neutrino masses, which predicts the neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) of the nucleus. Thus the discovery of $0νββ$ is extremely important for future particle physics. However, the present data on the neutrino oscillation is not sufficient to predict the value of $m_{ee}$ as well as the neutrino mass $m_ν^i$. In this short article, by adopting a simple and consistent Froggatt-Nielsen model, which can well explain the observed masses and mixing angles of quark and lepton sectors, we calculate the distribution of $m_{ee}$ and $m_ν^i$. Interestingly, a relatively large part of the preferred parameter space can be detected in the near future.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

High-quality axions in a class of chiral $U(1)$ gauge theories

We show that there are many candidates for the quintessence and/or the QCD axions in a class of chiral $U(1)$ gauge theories. Their qualities are high enough to serve as the dark energy and/or to solve the strong CP problem. Interestingly, the high quality of axion is guaranteed by the gauged $U(1)$ and $\mathbf{Z}_{2N}$ symmetries and hence free from the non-perturbative quantum gravity corrections. Furthermore, our mechanism can be easily applied to the Fuzzy dark matter axion scenarios.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Model of the quintessence axion

We construct a model of the quintessence axion based on a gauged chiral $U(1)$ symmetry and an additional flat fifth dimension. The required high qualities are guaranteed by the brane separation. The observed cosmological constant (i.e., the potential energy of the quintessence axion) is determined by the size of the extra dimension and the axion decay constant $F_a$ is fixed almost at $F_a\simeq10^{17}\,{\rm GeV}$, which is sufficiently large for the stability of the axion field near the hilltop of its potential. Furthermore, the movement of the axion can also easily explain the recently reported isotropic cosmic birefringence of the cosmic microwave background photon.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Optical circular polarization induced by axionlike particles in blazars

We propose that the interaction between the axionlike particles (ALPs) and photons can be a possible origin of optical circular polarization (CP) in blazars. Given that there is no definite detection of optical CP at $\sim0.1\%$ level, a rough limit on ALP-photon coupling can be obtained, specifically $g_{aγ}\cdot B_\mathrm{T0}\lesssim7.9\times10^{-12}~\mathrm{G\cdot GeV}^{-1}$ for $m_{a}\lesssim 10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$, depending on the magnetic field configuration of the blazar jet. Obviously, for the blazar models with a larger magnetic field strength, such as hadronic radiation models, this constraint could be more stringent. We also perform a dedicated analysis of the tentative observations of optical CP in two blazars, namely 3C 66A and OJ 287, and we find that these observations could be explained by the ALP-photon mixing with $g_{aγ} \sim 10^{-11}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. As an outlook, our analysis can be improved by further research on the radiation models of blazars and high-precision joint measurements of optical CP and linear polarization.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2022

Electroweak dark matter model accounting for the CDF $W$-mass anomaly

Recently, the CDF collaboration reported a new measurement of the $W$ boson mass $M_W = 80.4335 \pm 0.0094$ GeV, which shows a $\sim 7σ$ deviation from the standard model prediction $80.3545 \pm 0.0057$ GeV obtained by the electroweak (EW) global fit. This deviation can be explained by new physics generating moderate EW oblique parameters $S$, $T$, and $U$. In this work, we use the loop corrections induced by some extra EW multiplets to explain the CDF $M_W$ anomaly. The lightest neutral particle in the multiplets can also serve as a candidate of cold dark matter (DM). We consider two such models, namely singlet-triplet scalar DM and singlet-doublet fermionic DM models, and perform numerical scans to find the parameter points accounting for the $M_W$ anomaly. The constraints from the correct DM thermal relic density and direct detection are also taken into account. We find the parameter points simultaneously interpreting the $M_W$ anomaly and satisfying the DM requirements in the former model, but do not find such parameter points in the latter model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter at Super-Kamiokande

Dark matter particles near the center of a blazar, after being accelerated by the elastic collisions with relativistic electrons and protons in the blazar jet, can be energetic enough to trigger detectable signals at terrestrial detectors. In this work, focusing on the blazars TXS 0506+056 and BL Lacertae, we derive novel limits on the cross section of the elastic scattering between dark matter and electrons by means of the available Super-Kamiokande data. Thanks to the large blazar-boosted dark matter flux, the limit on the dark matter-electron scattering cross section for dark matter masses below 100 MeV can be as low as $\sim10^{-38}~\text{cm}^2$, which is orders of magnitude stronger than the analogous results from galactic cosmic rays.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2022

Direct Detection Constraints on Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter

We explore the possibility that relativistic protons in the extremely powerful jets of blazars may boost via elastic collisions the dark matter particles in the surroundings of the source to high energies. We concentrate on two sample blazars, TXS 0506+056 - towards which IceCube recently reported evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux - and BL Lacertae, a representative nearby blazar. We find that the dark matter flux at Earth induced by these sources may be sizable, larger than the flux associated with the analogous process of dark matter boosted by galactic cosmic rays, and relevant to access direct detection for dark matter particle masses lighter than 1 GeV. From the null detection of a signal by XENON1T, MiniBooNE, and Borexino, we derive limits on dark matter-nucleus spin-independent and spin-dependent cross sections which, depending on the modelization of the source, improve on other currently available bounds for light dark matter candidates of 1 up to 5 orders of magnitude.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2021

Exploring Fermionic Multiplet Dark Matter through Precision Measurements at the CEPC

New physics could be explored through loop effects by the precision measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider due to its clean collision environment and high luminosity. In this work, we focus on two dark matter models that involve additional electroweak fermionic multiplets. We calculate their one-loop corrections to five processes, i.e. $e^+e^- \to μ^+μ^-, ~Zh, ~ZZ, ~W^+W^-$, and $Zγ$, and investigate the corresponding signatures at CEPC with the projected sensitivity. We find that the detectable parameter regions of these processes are complementary. The combined analysis shows that the mass of dark matter $m_{χ^0_1}$ in these two models can be probed up to $ \sim 150~\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\sim 450$ GeV at a 95\% confidence level, respectively.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Detecting Axion Dark Matter through the Radio Signal from Omega Centauri

As a well-motivated dark matter candidate, axions can be detected through the axion-photon resonant conversion in the magnetospheres of magnetic white dwarf stars or neutron stars. In this work, we utilize Omega Centauri, which is the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way and is suggested to be the remnant core of a dwarf galaxy, to probe the axion dark matter through radio signals that originate from all the neutron stars and magnetic white dwarf stars in it. With 100 hours of observation, the combination of SKA phase 1 and LOFAR can effectively probe the parameter space of the axion-photon coupling $g_{aγ}$ up to $10^{-14}\sim 10^{-15}~\text{GeV}^{-1}$ for the axion mass range of $0.1\sim 30 ~μ\text{eV}$. Depending on the choice of neutron star evolution model, this limitation is two or three and a half orders of magnitude higher than that of the single neutron star or magnetic white dwarf.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2021

Scalar gauge dynamics and Dark Matter

We consider theories with one gauge group (SU, SO or Sp) and one scalar in a two-index representation. The renormalizable action often has accidental symmetries (such as global U(1) or unusual group parities) that lead to one or more stable states, providing Dark Matter candidates. We discuss the confined phase(s) of each theory and compute the two Higgs phases, finding no generic dualities among them. Discrete gauge symmetries can arise and accidental symmetries can be broken, possibly giving pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter. Dark Matter candidates can have a complicated sub-structure characteristic of each group and can be accompanied by extra dark radiation.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Explore the Axion Dark Matter through the Radio Signals from Magnetic White Dwarf Stars

Axion as one of the promising dark matter candidates can be detected through narrow radio lines emitted from the magnetic white dwarf stars. Due to the existence of the strong magnetic field, the axion may resonantly convert into the radio photon (Primakoff effect) when it passes through a narrow region in the corona of the magnetic white dwarf, where the plasma frequency is equal to the axion mass. We show that for the magnetic white dwarf WD 2010+310, the future experiment SKA phase 1 with 100 hours of observation can effectively probe the parameter space of the axion-photon coupling $g_{aγ}$ up to $\sim 10^{-12}~ \text{GeV}^{-1}$ for the axion mass range of $0.2 \sim 3.7~ μ$eV. Note that in the low mass region ($m_a \lesssim 1.5 ~μ\text{eV}$), the WD 2010+310 could give greater sensitivity than the neutron star RX J0806.4-4123.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Dark Matter in scalar Sp(N) gauge dynamics

We consider a model with Sp dark gauge group and a scalar field in the fundamental representation, which leads to two co-stable DM candidates at the perturbative level thanks to a global U(1) accidental symmetry. After gauge confinement at low energy scale, only one of the two candidates is still stable. We compute the DM relic abundance by solving the Boltzmann equations numerically. The presence of light dark glueballs gives extra cosmological effects and can affect Higgs physics. We study the DM phenomenology, providing the predictions for direct and indirect detection (including the Sommerfeld enhancement). We show that the model predicts a slightly suppressed indirect detection cross section in comparison to the usual WIMPs paradigm.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Axion quality from the (anti)symmetric of SU(N)

We propose two models where a U(1) Peccei-Quinn global symmetry arises accidentally and is respected up to high-dimensional operators, so that the axion solution to the strong CP problem is successful even in the presence of Planck-suppressed operators. One model is SU$(N)$ gauge interactions with fermions in the fundamental and a scalar in the symmetric. The axion arises from spontaneous symmetry breaking to SO$(N)$, that confines at a lower energy scale. Axion quality in the model needs $N \gtrsim 10$. SO bound states and possibly monopoles provide extra Dark Matter candidates beyond the axion. In the second model the scalar is in the anti-symmetric: SU$(N)$ broken to Sp$(N)$ needs even $N \gtrsim 20$. The cosmological DM abundance, consisting of axions and/or super-heavy relics, can be reproduced if the PQ symmetry is broken before inflation (Boltzmann-suppressed production of super-heavy relics) or after (super-heavy relics in thermal equilibrium get partially diluted by dark glue-ball decays).

hep-ph↗