arXiv subjects

Jing Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Jing Chen.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Wavelength Dependent Tunneling Delay Time

A clear consensus on how long it takes a particle to tunnel through a potential barrier has never been so urgently required, since the electron dynamics in strong-field ionization can be resolved on attosecond time-scale in experiment and the exact nature of the tunneling process is the key to trigger subsequent attosecond techniques. Here a general picture of tunneling time is suggested by introducing a quantum travel time, which is defined as the ratio of the travel distance to the expected value of the velocity operator under the barrier. Specially, if applied to rectangular barrier tunneling, it can retrieve the Büttiker-Landauer time $τ_{BL}$ in the case of an opaque barrier, and has a clear physical meaning in the case of a very thin barrier wherein $τ_{BL}$ can not be well defined. In the case of strong-field tunneling process, with the help of the newly defined time, the tunneling delay time measured by attoclock experiment can be interpreted as a travel time spent by the electron to tunnel from a point under the barrier to the tunnel exit. In addition, a peculiar oscillation structure in the wavelength dependence of tunneling delay time in deep tunneling regime is observed, which is beyond the scope of adiabatic tunneling picture. This oscillation structure can be attributed to the interference between the ground state tunneling channel and the excited states tunneling channels.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2018

Probing the Relationship between Anisotropic Magnetoresistance and Magnetization of ferromagnetic films

The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in thin permalloy strips was calculated at each steps during magnetization by the finite element method. The magnetization at equilibrium under different external fields was obtained by micromagnetic simulations, while the resistance with different magnetization was obtained by solving the Poisson equations iteratively until self-consistence. We find that the relation between magnetization and AMR deviates from the Stoner-Wohlfarth prediction when the magnetization is reduced from saturation. The reason is that the demagnetization is not necessarily from coherent rotation of the magnetic moment. We conclude that it is necessary to use numeric simulations to optimize the responses of AMR sensors.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Observation of Three-dimensional Photonic Dirac points and Spin-polarized Surface Arcs

Topological phases arise from the elegant mathematical structures imposed by the interplay between symmetry and topology1-5. From gapped topological insulators to gapless semimetals, topological materials in both quantum and classical systems, have grown rapidly in the last decade. Among them, three-dimensional Dirac semimetal lies at the topological phase transition point between various topological phases. It shares multiple exotic topological features with other topological materials, such as Fermi arcs and chiral anomaly with Weyl semimetals30, spin-dependent surface states with topological insulators29. In spite of the important role it plays in topological physics, no experimental observation of three-dimension Dirac points has been reported in classical systems so far. Here, we experimentally demonstrate three-dimension photonic Dirac points in an elaborately designed photonic metamaterial, in which two symmetrically placed Dirac points are stabilized by electromagnetic duality symmetry31. Spin-polarized surface arcs (counterparts of Fermi arcs in electronic systems) are demonstrated, which paves the way towards spin-multiplexed topological surface wave propagation. Closely linked to other exotic states through topological phase transitions, our system offers an effective medium platform for topological photonics.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2018

Efficient Rational Proofs with Strong Utility-Gap Guarantees

As modern computing moves towards smaller devices and powerful cloud platforms, more and more computation is being delegated to powerful service providers. Interactive proofs are a widely-used model to design efficient protocols for verifiable computation delegation. Rational proofs are payment-based interactive proofs. The payments are designed to incentivize the provers to give correct answers. If the provers misreport the answer then they incur a payment loss of at least 1/u, where u is the utility gap of the protocol. In this work, we tightly characterize the power of rational proofs that are super efficient, that is, require only logarithmic time and communication for verification. We also characterize the power of single-round rational protocols that require only logarithmic space and randomness for verification. Our protocols have strong (that is, polynomial, logarithmic, and even constant) utility gap. Finally, we show when and how rational protocols can be converted to give the completeness and soundness guarantees of classical interactive proofs.

cs.GT↗

arXiv2018

Learning-based Natural Geometric Matching with Homography Prior

Geometric matching is a key step in computer vision tasks. Previous learning-based methods for geometric matching concentrate more on improving alignment quality, while we argue the importance of naturalness issue simultaneously. To deal with this, firstly, Pearson correlation is applied to handle large intra-class variations of features in feature matching stage. Then, we parametrize homography transformation with 9 parameters in full connected layer of our network, to better characterize large viewpoint variations compared with affine transformation. Furthermore, a novel loss function with Gaussian weights guarantees the model accuracy and efficiency in training procedure. Finally, we provide two choices for different purposes in geometric matching. When compositing homography with affine transformation, the alignment accuracy improves and all lines are preserved, which results in a more natural transformed image. When compositing homography with non-rigid thin-plate-spline transformation, the alignment accuracy further improves. Experimental results on Proposal Flow dataset show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both in terms of alignment accuracy and naturalness.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2018

Information Elicitation for Bayesian Auctions

In this paper we design information elicitation mechanisms for Bayesian auctions. While in Bayesian mechanism design the distributions of the players' private types are often assumed to be common knowledge, information elicitation considers the situation where the players know the distributions better than the decision maker. To weaken the information assumption in Bayesian auctions, we consider an information structure where the knowledge about the distributions is arbitrarily scattered among the players. In such an unstructured information setting, we design mechanisms for unit-demand auctions and additive auctions that aggregate the players' knowledge, generating revenue that are constant approximations to the optimal Bayesian mechanisms with a common prior. Our mechanisms are 2-step dominant-strategy truthful and the revenue increases gracefully with the amount of knowledge the players collectively have.

cs.GT↗

arXiv2018

Coarse-to-fine Seam Estimation for Image Stitching

Seam-cutting and seam-driven techniques have been proven effective for handling imperfect image series in image stitching. Generally, seam-driven is to utilize seam-cutting to find a best seam from one or finite alignment hypotheses based on a predefined seam quality metric. However, the quality metrics in most methods are defined to measure the average performance of the pixels on the seam without considering the relevance and variance among them. This may cause that the seam with the minimal measure is not optimal (perception-inconsistent) in human perception. In this paper, we propose a novel coarse-to-fine seam estimation method which applies the evaluation in a different way. For pixels on the seam, we develop a patch-point evaluation algorithm concentrating more on the correlation and variation of them. The evaluations are then used to recalculate the difference map of the overlapping region and reestimate a stitching seam. This evaluation-reestimation procedure iterates until the current seam changes negligibly comparing with the previous seams. Experiments show that our proposed method can finally find a nearly perception-consistent seam after several iterations, which outperforms the conventional seam-cutting and other seam-driven methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2018

Graph-based Hypothesis Generation for Parallax-tolerant Image Stitching

The seam-driven approach has been proven fairly effective for parallax-tolerant image stitching, whose strategy is to search for an invisible seam from finite representative hypotheses of local alignment. In this paper, we propose a graph-based hypothesis generation and a seam-guided local alignment for improving the effectiveness and the efficiency of the seam-driven approach. The experiment demonstrates the significant reduction of number of hypotheses and the improved quality of naturalness of final stitching results, comparing to the state-of-the-art method SEAGULL.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2018

Ratio-Preserving Half-Cylindrical Warps for Natural Image Stitching

A novel warp for natural image stitching is proposed that utilizes the property of cylindrical warp and a horizontal pixel selection strategy. The proposed ratio-preserving half-cylindrical warp is a combination of homography and cylindrical warps which guarantees alignment by homography and possesses less projective distortion by cylindrical warp. Unlike previous approaches applying cylindrical warp before homography, we use partition lines to divide the image into different parts and apply homography in the overlapping region while a composition of homography and cylindrical warps in the non-overlapping region. The pixel selection strategy then samples the points in horizontal and reconstructs the image via interpolation to further reduce horizontal distortion by maintaining the ratio as similarity. With applying half-cylindrical warp and horizontal pixel selection, the projective distortion in vertical and horizontal is mitigated simultaneously. Experiments show that our warp is efficient and produces a more natural-looking stitched result than previous methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2018

Equivalence of restricted Boltzmann machines and tensor network states

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. RBM finds wide applications in dimensional reduction, feature extraction, and recommender systems via modeling the probability distributions of a variety of input data including natural images, speech signals, and customer ratings, etc. We build a bridge between RBM and tensor network states (TNS) widely used in quantum many-body physics research. We devise efficient algorithms to translate an RBM into the commonly used TNS. Conversely, we give sufficient and necessary conditions to determine whether a TNS can be transformed into an RBM of given architectures. Revealing these general and constructive connections can cross-fertilize both deep learning and quantum many-body physics. Notably, by exploiting the entanglement entropy bound of TNS, we can rigorously quantify the expressive power of RBM on complex data sets. Insights into TNS and its entanglement capacity can guide the design of more powerful deep learning architectures. On the other hand, RBM can represent quantum many-body states with fewer parameters compared to TNS, which may allow more efficient classical simulations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Photoelectron angular distribution from the high-order above-threshold ionization process in IR+XUV two-color laser fields

High-order above-threshold ionization (HATI) spectrum in IR+XUV two-color laser fields has been investigated. We found that the quantum features corresponding to the absorption of the XUV photon is well illustrated by a peculiar dip structure in the second plateau of the HATI spectrum. By the channel analysis, we show that the angular distribution of the spectrum is attributed to the coherent summation over contributions of different channels, and the dip structure in the spectrum is directly related to the absorption of one XUV photon of the ionized electron during the laser-assisted collision (LAC) with its parent ion in the two-color laser fields. Moreover, by employing the saddle-point approximation, we obtain the classical energy orbit equation, and find that the dip structure comes from the fact that the LAC is limited at a certain direction by the momentum conservation law as the electron absorbs one XUV photon during the collision, where the probability of the HATI gets its minimum value. Finally, we find that the interference pattern in the whole spectrum is attributed to the interference of different orbits at collision moments $t_0$ and $2π/ω_1-t_0$ in the LAC process.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2017

Information Perspective to Probabilistic Modeling: Boltzmann Machines versus Born Machines

We compare and contrast the statistical physics and quantum physics inspired approaches for unsupervised generative modeling of classical data. The two approaches represent probabilities of observed data using energy-based models and quantum states respectively.Classical and quantum information patterns of the target datasets therefore provide principled guidelines for structural design and learning in these two approaches. Taking the restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) as an example, we analyze the information theoretical bounds of the two approaches. We verify our reasonings by comparing the performance of RBMs of various architectures on the standard MNIST datasets.

physics.data-an↗

arXiv2017

Scaling law of high harmonic generation in the framework of photon channel

Photon channel perspective on high harmonic generation (HHG) is proposed by quantizing both the driving laser and high harmonics. It is shown that the HHG yield can be expressed as a sum of the contribution of all the photon channels. From this perspective, the contribution of a specific photon channel follows a simple scaling law and the competition between the channels is well interpreted. Our prediction is shown to be in good agreement with the simulations by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. It also can well explains the experimental results of the HHG in the noncollinear two-color field and bicicular laser field.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2017

Rational Proofs with Multiple Provers

Interactive proofs (IP) model a world where a verifier delegates computation to an untrustworthy prover, verifying the prover's claims before accepting them. IP protocols have applications in areas such as verifiable computation outsourcing, computation delegation, cloud computing. In these applications, the verifier may pay the prover based on the quality of his work. Rational interactive proofs (RIP), introduced by Azar and Micali (2012), are an interactive-proof system with payments, in which the prover is rational rather than untrustworthy---he may lie, but only to increase his payment. Rational proofs leverage the provers' rationality to obtain simple and efficient protocols. Azar and Micali show that RIP=IP(=PSAPCE). They leave the question of whether multiple provers are more powerful than a single prover for rational and classical proofs as an open problem. In this paper, we introduce multi-prover rational interactive proofs (MRIP). Here, a verifier cross-checks the provers' answers with each other and pays them according to the messages exchanged. The provers are cooperative and maximize their total expected payment if and only if the verifier learns the correct answer to the problem. We further refine the model of MRIP to incorporate utility gap, which is the loss in payment suffered by provers who mislead the verifier to the wrong answer. We define the class of MRIP protocols with constant, noticeable and negligible utility gaps. We give tight characterization for all three MRIP classes. We show that under standard complexity-theoretic assumptions, MRIP is more powerful than both RIP and MIP ; and this is true even the utility gap is required to be constant. Furthermore the full power of each MRIP class can be achieved using only two provers and three rounds. (A preliminary version of this paper appeared at ITCS 2016. This is the full version that contains new results.)

cs.CC↗

arXiv2017

The quadratic Wasserstein metric for earthquake location

In [Engquist et al., Commun. Math. Sci., 14(2016)], the Wasserstein metric was successfully introduced to the full waveform inversion. We apply this method to the earthquake location problem. For this problem, the seismic stations are far from each other. Thus, the trace by trace comparison [Yang et al., arXiv(2016)] is a natural way to compare the earthquake signals. Under this framework, we have derived a concise analytic expression of the Frèchet gradient of the Wasserstein metric, which leads to a simple and efficient implementation for the adjoint method. We square and normalize the earthquake signals for comparison so that the convexity of the misfit function with respect to earthquake hypocenter and origin time can be observed numerically. To reduce the impact of noise, which can not offset each other after squaring the signals, a new control parameter is introduced. Finally, the LMF (Levenberg-Marquardt-Fletcher) method is applied to solve the resulted optimization problem. According to the numerical experiments, only a few iterations are required to converge to the real earthquake hypocenter and origin time. Even for data with noise, we can obtain reasonable and convergent numerical results.

math.NA↗

arXiv2017

Three dimensional photonic Dirac points in metamaterials

Topological semimetals, representing a new topological phase that lacks a full bandgap in bulk states and exhibiting nontrivial topological orders, recently have been extended to photonic systems, predominantly in photonic crystals and to a lesser extent, metamaterials. Photonic crystal realizations of Dirac degeneracies are protected by various space symmetries, where Bloch modes span the spin and orbital subspaces. Here, we theoretically show that Dirac points can also be realized in effective media through the intrinsic degrees of freedom in electromagnetism under electromagnetic duality. A pair of spin polarized Fermi arc like surface states is observed at the interface between air and the Dirac metamaterials. These surface states show linear k-space dispersion relation, resulting in nearly diffraction-less propagation. Furthermore, eigen reflection fields show the decomposition from a Dirac point to two Weyl points. We also find the topological correlation between a Dirac point and vortex/vector beams in classic photonics. The theoretical proposal of photonic Dirac point lays foundation for unveiling the connection between intrinsic physics and global topology in electromagnetism.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2017

Discovery of ideal Weyl points with helicoid surface states

Weyl points, serving as monopoles in the momentum space and laying the foundation of topological gapless phases, have recently been experimentally demonstrated in various physical systems. However, none of the observed Weyl degeneracies are ideal: they either offset in energy or coexist with trivial dispersions at other momenta. The lack of an ideal Weyl system sets a serious limit to the further development of Weyl physics and potential applications. Here, by constructing a photonic metamaterial, we experimentally observe an ideal Weyl system, whose nodal frequencies are pinned by symmetries to exactly the same value. Benefitting from the ideal Weyl nodes, we are able to map out the complete evolution of the helicoid surface states spinning around the projections of each Weyl nodes. Our discovery provides an ideal photonic platform for Weyl systems and novel topological devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2017

Nonsequential double ionization of helium in IR+XUV two-color laser fields II: Collision-excitation ionization process

The collision-ionization mechanism of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) process in IR+XUV two-color laser fields [\PRA \textbf{93}, 043417 (2016)] has been investigated by us recently. Here we extend this work to study the collision-excitation-ionization (CEI) mechanism of NSDI processes in the two-color laser fields with different laser conditions. It is found that the CEI mechanism makes a dominant contribution to the NSDI as the XUV photon energy is smaller than the ionization threshold of the He$^+$ ion, and the momentum spectrum shows complex interference patterns and symmetrical structures. By channel analysis, we find that, as the energy carried by the recollision electron is not enough to excite the bound electron, the bound electron will absorb XUV photons during their collision, as a result, both forward and backward collisions make a comparable contributions to the NSDI processes. However, it is found that, as the energy carried by the recollision electron is large enough to excite the bound electron, the bound electron does not absorb any XUV photon and it is excited only by sharing the energy carried by the recollsion electron, hence the forward collision plays a dominant role on the NSDI processes. Moreover, we find that the interference patterns of the NSDI spectra can be reconstructed by the spectra of two above-threshold ionization (ATI) processes, which may be used to analyze the structure of the two separate ATI spectra by NSDI processes.

physics.atom-ph↗