arXiv subjects

Jing-Hui Huang

Publications and source records attributed to Jing-Hui Huang.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Weak-Value Amplification for Longitudinal Phase Measurements Approaching the Shot-Noise Limit Characterized by Allan Variance

We report a quantitative evaluation of weak-value amplification (WVA) for longitudinal phase measurements using Allan variance analysis. Building on a recent double-slit interferometry experiment with real weak values [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 080802 (2025)], our Allan variance analysis demonstrates measurement of a few attosecond time delay approaching the shot noise limit at short averaging intervals of $T$ = $0.01-0.1$ s, representing two orders of magnitude variance reduction compared to the $T=300$ s operating point in prior implementations. We demonstrate that the Allan-variance noise floor scales with the inverse of the detected photon number $1/N_r$, confirming shot-noise-limited operation with WVA. Furthermore, this $1/N_r$ scaling experimentally validates that WVA can outperform conventional measurement under fixed detected photon number and detector saturation, in the presence of technical noise, as theoretically predicted [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 070802 (2017)]. Our results provide rigorous, quantitative evidence of the near-optimal noise performance achievable with WVA, establishing a new benchmark for precision optical metrology. This advancement is particularly relevant to applications such as gravitational-wave detection, where signals predominantly occupy the high-frequency regime ($>10$ Hz).

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Overcoming Residual Timing Jitter in Pump-Probe Interferometry via Weak Value Amplification and Deep Learning

We introduce a hybrid methodology that synergistically combines weak value amplification (WVA) and deep learning to suppress the limiting effects of residual timing jitter in pump-probe interferometry, achieved through simulations of pump-induced time delays at a few-attosecond resolution. The WVA protocol, employing real weak values, amplifies the minute delay induced by sample perturbation, thereby translating it into a measurable shift of interference fringes. However, this amplification introduces significant fringe distortion. To address this, we deploy deep learning architectures as high-precision parameter estimators: a convolutional neural network regressor (CNN-Regressor) for direct delay estimation and a classifier (CNN-Classifier) for discrete delay categorization. These are systematically benchmarked against traditional Fourier-transform-based analysis. Two key conclusions are drawn: (i) The WVA technique consistently enhances measurement precision across all estimators by effectively increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). (ii) Both deep learning models surpass the traditional FFT approach; the CNN-Regressor achieves a higher SNR at small weak values, while the CNN-Classifier enables accurate estimation even under a challenging "$π$ phase shift" condition where conventional analysis fails. This synergistic combination of WVA and deep learning establishes a powerful framework for attosecond metrology, paving the way for enhanced precision in ultrafast spectroscopy.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Mitigating Source and Detection Noises in Auto-correlative Weak-Value Amplification

Weak-value amplification (WVA) is a post-selection-based technique that amplifies weak physical signals by preparing nearly orthogonal pre- and post-selected quantum states. It is intrinsically limited by various kinds of technical noise, which distorts amplified weak values, especially when discarding photons in post-selection. While prior work established the efficacy of auto-correlative weak-value amplification (AWVA) under Gaussian noise, practical implementations face challenges from band-limited laser-source noise and detection noise. Here, we demonstrate that the AWVA protocol robustly suppresses both laser-power fluctuations and detection noise. Numerical experiments in Simulink further reveal AWVA dual advantage. Under high-power conditions, the noise-reduction superiority of AWVA over WVA becomes increasingly pronounced as input laser power increases. In detection-limited regimes, AWVA achieves an order-of-magnitude lower uncertainty, closely approaching the Cramer-Rao bound. This work demonstrates that AWVA improves precision in both high-power laser-noise-dominated and photon-starved regimes, thereby bridging these operating extremes and advancing precision in applications from gravitational-wave detection to hybrid quantum systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Real-time analog circuit for auto-correlative weak-value amplification in the time domain

The auto-correlative weak-value amplification (AWVA) technique demonstrates distinct advantages over standard weak-value amplification (SWVA) for quantum parameter estimation. To achieve enhanced precision in real-time parameter estimation, the AWVA requires additional resources compared to SWVA, namely real-time multiplication and integrator modules. We implemented a real-time analog circuit for AWVA using an AD835 multiplier and an NE5532 operational amplifier for the integrator. The circuit was tested using Gaussian pointers in the AWVA scheme, exhibiting sufficient sensitivity for Gaussian pointers with frequencies 200 Hz < f < 20kHz. Compared to SWVA, AWVA achieves higher accuracy and superior robustness against noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of -12 dB < SNR < -4 dB. Beyond quantum metrology, the circuit is applicable to diverse detection schemes for correlated signals.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Enhancing interferometry using weak value amplification with real weak values

We introduce an ultra-sensitive interferometric protocol that combines weak value amplification (WVA) with traditional interferometry. This protocol WVA + interferometry uses weak value amplification of the relative delay between two paths to enhance interferometric sensitivity. As an example, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment that achieves few-attosecond timing resolution (few nanometer path length resolution) with a double-slit interferometer using only common optical components. Since our example uses only the spatial shift of double-slit interference fringes, its precision is not limited by the timing resolution of the detectors, {but is instead limited by the fundamental shot noise associated with classical light and the diminished technical noise}. We experimentally demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by one to two orders of magnitude relative to a measurement that does not use WVA. Two key conclusions are drawn: (i) Most conventional interferometric techniques primarily rely on determining the path difference (time delay or longitudinal phase), with their precision constrained by technical noise. Our protocol offers a robust solution for minimizing the technical noise in traditional interferometry, with precision in principle approaching the shot-noise limit. (ii) Although WVA has achieved significant advancements in ultra-sensitive longitudinal phase measurement, its applicability is constrained by the need for broad spectral bandwidths and high-resolution spectrometers. Contrary to previous assumptions, we demonstrate that quantum-limited WVA time delay measurements are achievable with narrowband light using real weak values.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2023

A potential third-generation gravitational-wave detector based on autocorrelative weak-value amplification

Reducing noises and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) have become critical for designing third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors with a GW strain of less than $10^{-23}$/$\rm \sqrt{Hz}$. In this paper, we propose a potential third-generation GW detector based on autocorrelative weak-value amplification (AWVA) for GW detection with a strain of $h_g =$ $4 \times 10^{-25}$/$\rm \sqrt{Hz}$. In our scheme, a GW event induces a phase difference $Δϕ$ by passing through an 11-bounce delay line, 10-km arm-length, zero-area Sagnac interferometer illuminated with a 1064-nm laser. Subsequently, $Δϕ$ is amplified as the parameter of post-selection by choosing the appropriate pre-selected state and coupling strength in AWVA. In particular, we theoretically investigate the AWVA measurements for GW detection within the frequency band of 200 Hz $\leq$ $f_g$ $\leq$ 800 Hz, considering Gaussian noises with negative-decibel SNRs. The peak response of the AWVA sensitivity $κ(f_g)$ occurs at frequency $f_{g, max}$ = 500 Hz, which falls within the frequency band of interest of the current third-generation GW detectors. Our simulation results indicate that AWVA can demonstrate a measurable sensitivity of $Θ(f_g)$ within the frequency band of interest. Moreover, the robustness of WVA shows promising potential in mitigating the effects of Gaussian noises.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2022

Auto-correlative weak-value amplification under strong noise background

By choosing more orthogonality between pre-selection and post-selection states, one can significantly improve the sensitivity in the general optical quantum metrology based on the weak-value amplification (WVA) approach. However, increasing the orthogonality decreases the probability of detecting photons and makes the weak measurement difficult, especially when the weak measurement is disturbed by strong noise and the pointer is drowned in noise with a negative-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this article, we investigate a modified weak measurement protocol with a temporal pointer, namely, the auto-correlative weak-value amplification (AWVA) approach. Specifically, a small longitudinal time delay (tiny phase shift) $τ$ of a Gaussian pulse is measured by implementing two simultaneous auto-correlative weak measurements under Gaussian white noise with different SNR. The small quantities $τ$ are obtained by measuring the auto-correlation coefficient of the pulses instead of fitting the shift of the mean value of the probe in the standard WVA technique. Simulation results show that the AWVA approach outperforms the standard WVA technique in the time domain with smaller statistical errors, remarkably increasing the precision of weak measurement under strong noise background.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

Influence of light quark loops on the Wigner phase with Dyson-Schwinger equations approach

We study the influence of light quark loops on the Wigner phase by solving coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for quark propagator and gluon propagator. We take the gluon propagator in the Nambu phase from $N_f$ = 2 unquenched lattice QCD and choose various phenomenological models for the quark-gluon vertex. The gluon propagator in Winger phase is assumed to be different from that in the Nambu phase only due to the vacuum polarization of the quark loop. We obtain the Wigner solution of the coupled equations, compared with that from solving only the equation of the quark propagator. We discussed the corrections by the light quark loops and the dependence on various models of the quark-gluon vertex.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

The systematic error and the anomaly in the sensitivity and the probability of post-selection raised from the plural weak value

Recently, weak value $\rm A_w$ derived in the pre- and post-selected weak measurement has been shown to be powerful in measuring minute physical effects. In principle, the decrease in the post-selection probability will increase the sensitivity. Besides, the sensitivity which characterizes the pointer position shift is proportional to the real part of $\rm A_w$, and the sensitivity which characterizes the pointer shift in momentum space is proportional to the imaginary part of $\rm A_w$. However, we find that the relationship between the post-selection probability and the sensitivity is true when $\rm A_w$ is a purely real number or a purely imaginary number. The plural $\rm A_w$ will lead to the abnormal behavior where the decrease in the post-selection probability reduce the sensitivity at certain pre- and post-selection. In addition, considering the device imperfections and the environmental instability in the WVA protocol, this anomaly raised from plural $\rm A_w$ will reduce the sensitivity and generate a systematic error of the measurement compared with the original scheme. Finally, three feasible methods are proposed to reduce these negative effects when the weak measurement inevitably changes into measurement with a plural weak value.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Enhancing the sensitivity of amplification of rotation velocity in Sagnac's interferometer with biased weak measurement

Recently, biased weak measurement(BWM) has shown higher precision than both conventional measurement and standard weak measurement(SWM) in optical metrology. In this paper, we propose a scheme of detecting rotation velocity in Sagnac's interferometer with BWM. In particular, BWM employs an additional reduction of photons in the post-selection by introducing a pre-coupling, and the remaining photons have been shown to be extremely sensitive to the estimated parameter. In addition, our numerical results show that the scheme with BWM can obtain a higher sensitivity than the scheme with SWM.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

The design of a new fiber optic sensor for measuring linear velocity with pico meter/second sensitivity based on Weak-value amplification

We put forward a new fiber optic sensor for measuring linear velocity with picometer/second sensitivity with Weak-value amplification based on generalized Sagnac effect [Phys. Rev. Lett.\textbf{93}, 143901(2004)].The generalized Sagnac effect was first introduced by Yao et al, which included the Sagnac effect of rotation as a special case and suggested a new fiber optic sensor for measuring linear motion with nanoscale sensitivity. By using a different scheme to perform the Sagnac interferometer with the probe in momentum space, we have demonstrated the new weak measure protocol to detect the linear velocity by amplifying the phase shift of the generalized Sagnac effect. Given the maximum incident intensity of the initial spectrum, the detection limit of the intensity of the spectrometer, we can theoretically give the appropriate pre-selection, post-selection, and other optical structures before the experiment. Our numerical results show our scheme with Weak-value amplification is effective and feasible to detect linear velocity with picometer/second sensitivity which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the result $ν$=4.8 $\times$ $10^{-9}$ m/s obtained by generalized Sagnac effect with same fiber length.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

A historical review and Bibliometric analysis of research on Weak measurement research over the past decades based on Biblioshiny

Weak measurement has enabled fundamental studies in both experiment and theory of quantum measurement. Numerous researches have indicated that weak measurements have a wide range of application and scientific research value. In our work, we used bibliometric methods to evaluate the global scientific output of research on Weak measurement and explore the current status and trends in this field from 2000 to 2020. The R bibliometric package was used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of publication outputs and author contributions. In total, 636 related articles and reviews were included in the final analysis. The main results were as follows: The number of publications has increased substantially with time. Physical Review A was the most active journal. The country and institution contributing the most to this field were The United States and University Rochester respectively. The analysis of the conceptual structure of keywords indicated that weak measurements were involved a variety of metrology, quantum communication, and nonclassical features of quantum mechanics. Our bibliometric analysis shows that weak measurement research continues to be a hot-spot. The focus has evolved to study quantum information and amplify weak signals.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2021

Improving the precision of weak-value-amplification with two cascaded Michelson interferometers based on Vernier-effect

A modified-weak-value-amplification(MWVA) technique of measuring the mirror's velocity based on the Vernier-effect has been proposed. We have demonstrated with sensitivity-enhanced and the higher signal-to-noise ratio(${\rm SNR}$) by using two cascaded Michelson interferometers. These two interferometers are composed of similar optical structures. One interferometer with a fixed mirror acts as a fixed part of the Vernier-scale, while the other with a moving mirror acts as a sliding part of the Vernier-scale for velocity sensing. The envelope of the cascaded interferometers shifts much more than a single one with a certain enhancement factor, which is related to the free space range difference between these two interferometers. In addition, we calculate the ${\rm SNR}$ based on the Fisher information with both the MWVA technique and the traditional-weak-value-amplification(TMVA) technique. The results show that the ${\rm SNR}$ with our MWVA technique is larger than the the ${\rm SNR}$ with the TWVA technique within the range of our time measurement window. Our numerical analysis proved that our MWVA technique is more efficient than the TWVA technique. And by using the principles of the Vernier-effect, it is applicative and convenient to ulteriorly improving the sensitivity and ${\rm SNR}$ in measuring other quantities with the MWVA technique.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

nonlocal quark condensate from Dyson-Schwinger Equation and its contributions to the gluon vacuum polarization based on OPE approach

The operator-product expansion(OPE) could be employed to obtain the lowest-order, nonlocal quark scalar condensate component of gluon vacuum polarization. In particular, nonlocal quark scalar condensate can be calculated by solving Dyson-Schwinger Equation(DSE) of QCD. Then, field-theoretic aspects of the gluon vacuum polarization and nonperturbative gluon propagator will be considered in the Landau gauge of the Lorentz gauge fixing. The gluon propagator we obtained is finite in the infrared domain where the single gluon mass $m_g$ can be determined. Our results of the ratio $m_{g}/Λ_{QCD}$ the range of that from 1.33 to 1.39 agree with previous determinations for this ratio. Besides, the analytic structure of the gluon propagators from the OPE's result is explored. Our numerical analysis of the gluon' Schwinger function finds clear evidence of the positivity violations in the gluon propagator. In addition, a new method for obtaining the chemical potential dependence of the gluon vacuum polarization and the dressed gluon propagator is developed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Weak-value technique for detecting weak magnetic field based on Faraday magneto-optic effect

We study the amplification of weak magnetic field with Weak-value technique based on Faraday magneto-optic effect. By using a different scheme to perform the Sagnac interferometer with the probe in momentum space, we have demonstrated the new weak measure protocol to detect the small weak magnetic field by amplifying the phase shift of Faraday magneto-optic effect. At the given the maximum incident intensity of the initial spectrum, the detection limit of the intensity of the spectrometer and the accuracy of detecting weak magnetic field, we can theoretically give the appropriate pre-selection, post-selection and others optical structure before experiment. Our numerical results show our scheme with Weak-value technique is effective and feasible to detect weak magnetic field with magnetic field intensity lower than $10^{-10}$ T.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Amplification of rotation velocity using weak measurements in Sagnac's interferometer

We study the amplification of rotation velocity with the Sagnac interferometer based on the concept of weak-value amplification. By using a different scheme to perform the Sagnac interferometer with the probe in momentum space, we have demonstrated the new weak measure protocol to detect the small rotation velocity by amplifying the phase shift of the Sagnac effect. At the given the maximum incident intensity of the initial spectrum, the detection limit of the intensity of the spectrometer and the accuracy of angular velocity measurement, we can theoretical give the appropriate potselection and the minimum of optical path area before experiment. In addition, we put forward a new optical design to increase the optical path area and decrease the size of the interferometer to overcome the limit of instrument size. Finally, our modified Sagnac's interferometer based on weak measurement is innovative and efficient probing the small rotation velocity signal.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

A Fast Numerical solution of the quark's Dyson-Schwinger equation with Ball-Chiu vertex

In this paper, we present two feasible and efficient methods to numerically solve the quark's Dyson-Schwinger (qDSE), the qDSE is mathematical systems of nonlinear integral equations of the second kind with high degrees of freedom. It is difficult to analytically solve the qDSE due to its non-linearity and the singularity. Normally we discrete the singular integral equation by Gauss Legendre integral integration formula, then the approximate solutions of integral equation are obtained by iterative method. The main difficulty in the progress is the unknown function, which is the quark's propagator at vacuum and at finite chemical potential, occurs inside and outside the integral sign. Because of the singularity, the unknown function inside the integral sign need to be interpolate with high precision. Normally traditional numerical examples show the interpolation will cost a lot of CPU time. In this case, we provide two effective and efficient methods to optimize the numerical calculation, one is we put forward a modified interpolation method to replace the traditional method. Besides, the technique of OpenMP and automatic parallelization in GCC is another method which has widely used in modern scientific computation. Finally, we compare CPU time with different algorithm and our numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed methods.

math.NA↗

arXiv2020

Evaluation of pion-nucleon sigma term in Dyson-Schwinger equation approach of QCD

We calculate the variation of the chiral condensate in medium with respect to the quark chemical potential and evaluate the pion-nucleon sigma term via the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. The variation of chiral condensate in medium are obtained by solving the truncated Dyson-Schwinger equation for quark propagator at finite chemical potential, with different models for the quark-gluon vertex and gluon propagator. We obtain the value of the sigma term $σ_{πN}$ = 62(1)(2) MeV, where the first represents the systematic error due to our different model for the quark-gluon vertex and gluon propagator and the second represents a statistical error in our linear fitting procedure.

nucl-th↗