arXiv subjects

Jingbo Ye

Publications and source records attributed to Jingbo Ye.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Radiation Resistance of Ge-doped Multi-Mode Fiber for Optical Links in Collider Experiments

The applications of optical links in collider experiments provide the advantage of high-speed data transmission with low mass fibers over distances of a few hundred meters. Ge-doped multi-mode fibers are evaluated for radiation tolerance in ionizing doses of Co-60 gamma rays. The Radiation-Induced Attenuation (RIA) varies significantly depending on doping substances and fabrication technologies. A type of telecom-grade fiber has demonstrated an RIA of 0.05 dB/m under a total ionizing dose of 300 kGy(SiO2). The dependence on dose rate is compared in the range between 5 Gy/hr and 1.4 kGy/hr, and the annealing recovery is observed after the Co-60 source is shielded. The temperature dependence is investigated across a range of -15 oC to room temperature. At cold temperatures, stagnant annealing leads to a substantially higher RIA during irradiation. The recovery of radiation-induced defects is typically within a few hours, resulting in similar RIA levels regardless of the dose rate and temperature during exposure. Ge-doped fibers of chosen fabrication methods are capable of enduring high ionizing doses for use in high-energy physics experiments.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2025

The CEPC Clock Issue and Finetuning of the Circumference

The CEPC clock issue is related with the RF frequency coordination between the various accelerator systems and may affect the operation modes of both the accelerator and the detector. The timing structure of CEPC has been restudied with the collaboration of the accelerator team and the detector team. After discussions between two sides, the CEPC bunch structure is set such that the spacings between adjacent bunches in any CEPC operation mode are integer numbers of 23.08 ns. The master CEPC clock will be provided by the accelerator to the detector systems with a frequency of 43.33 MHz, synchronous to the beam. The CEPC detector system relies on the clock to sample physics signal at the right time. It was found that if the circumference of CEPC is slightly changed to 99955.418 m, not only is the orbit length closer to 100 km, but also the detector would benefit more for the first 10-year operation.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2025

Characterization of SiPMs at 40 K for neutrino coherent detection based on pure CsI

Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), as the core photoelectric sensor for coherent neutrino detection in low-temperature pure CsI, its working performance directly determines the measurement accuracy of the scintillator light yield. Our previous research has fully demonstrated the performance of pure CsI at liquid nitrogen temperature. More intriguingly, its performance is expected to be even better at 40 K. However, the performance characteristics of SiPM in the 40 K temperature range still remain to be explored. In this study, a self-developed adjustable temperature control system ranging from 30 K to 293 K was built to investigate the key performance parameters of SiPM at different temperatures, such as single photoelectron spectrum, gain, breakdown voltage, dark count rate, after-pulse, internal crosstalk, and single photoelectron resolution. Special emphasis was placed on examining the key performance parameters of SiPM in the 40 K temperature range to evaluate its feasibility for light yield measurement in this temperature range. The results show that this study obtained the parameter variation trends and optimal working conditions of 3 types of SiPM at different temperatures, thereby improving the sensitivity of the detector. This research provides important technical support for low-temperature detection in neutrino physics experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Characteristics of Ge-doped Multi-Mode Fibers in Total Ionizing Dose

Purpose: The fiber optical links in 850 nm band with Ge-doped multi-mode (MM) fibers are well developed for data transmission at 10 Gbps and higher. The applications in nuclear environments require radiation resistance. The characteristics of Ge-doped MM fibers are investigated for Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA) in Total Ionizing Dose (TID). Methods: Commercial samples of Ge-doped MM fibers were irradiated in Go-60 gamma rays at dose rates of 5 to 1.4k Gy(SiO2)/hr. The fiber samples were packaged in water tanks maintained at constant temperatures in the range of -15 to 45 degC. The optical power transmitted through the fibers were recorded in irradiation, and in annealing when the source was shielded. The measurements of RIA in time are analyzed for dose rate and temperature dependences. Results: Ge-doped fiber samples of OM2 to OM4 grades were investigated for attenuation of optical power in radiation ionizing dose. Depending on the fabrication technology, two of the fiber types show radiation resistance with the RIAs of 0.2 dB/m and 0.05 dB/m, respectively, for the TID of 300 kGy(SiO2). At low dose rate of 5 Gy/hr, the RIA increases steadily and the annealing of low density ionizing defects does not cause notable deviation. At 1.4 kGy/hr the accumulated defects result to twice higher RIA during irradiation, and is worsen to a factor three in cold temperature. However, once the source is shielded the recovery is effective in a few hours. Conclusion: The telecom products of 850 nm Ge-doped MM fibers provide high speed communication in distances of a few hundred meters. The industrial fabrication methods provide fibers that can endure radiation ionizing dose for applications in nuclear instrumentation.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2025

First experimental proof of PET imaging based on multi-anode MCP-PMTs with Cherenkov radiator-integrated window

Improving the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) systems to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain or even direct positron emission imaging (dPEI) is of paramount importance for many advanced new clinical applications of PET imaging. This places higher demands on the timing performance of all aspects of PET systems. One effective approach is to use microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs) for prompt Cherenkov photon detection. In this study, we developed a dual-module Cherenkov PET imaging experimental platform, utilising our proprietary 8 * 8-anode Cherenkov radiator-integrated window MCP-PMTs in combination with custom-designed multi-channel electronics, and designed a specific calibration and correction method for the platform. Using this platform, a CTR of 103 ps FWHM was achieved. We overcame the limitations of single-anode detectors in previous experiments, significantly enhanced imaging efficiency and achieved module-level Cherenkov PET imaging for the first time. Imaging experiments involving radioactive sources and phantoms of various shapes and types were conducted, which preliminarily validated the feasibility and advancement of this imaging method. In addition, the effects of normalisation correction and the interaction probability between the gamma rays and the MCP on the images and experimental results were analysed and verified.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

A Comprehensive Monte Carlo Simulation Tool on Electron Transport in Noble Gases and Liquids

For the particle detectors based on noble gases or liquids, it is essential to understand the transport dynamic and the properties of the electrons. We report the development of a tool for electron transport in noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, or Xe, and liquids Ar, Kr, or Xe. The simulation, implemented in C++ and MATLAB, is based on electron-atom collisions, including elastic scattering, excitation and ionization. We validate the program through assessing the electron's swarm parameters, specifically the drift velocity and the diffusion coefficient. For electron transport in liquids, two models are discussed and both are used for the construction of the Monte Carlo framework based on the Cohen Leker theory. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the simulation tool, which offers a valuable support for detector design and data analysis.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

A 64-Channel Precision Time-to-Digital Converter with Average 4.77 ps RMS Implemented in a 28 nm FPGA

We have developed a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) application in a Xilinx Kintex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This TDC, based on the Tapped-Delay Line (TDL) and Wave Union A (WU-A) techniques, achieves an independent time measurement on 32-channel rising edges and 32-channel falling edges. The average time resolution or the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the 64 channels is measured to be 3 ps level, with an average root mean square (RMS) precision of 4.77 ps, and a maximum RMS below 8 ps. We also propose an online processing scheme that handles the bubble issues caused by clock region skew.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

ETROC1: The First Full Chain Precision Timing Prototype ASIC for CMS MTD Endcap Timing Layer Upgrade

We present the design and characterization of the first full chain precision timing prototype ASIC, named ETL Readout Chip version 1 (ETROC1) for the CMS MTD endcap timing layer (ETL) upgrade. The ETL utilizes Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors to detect charged particles, with the goal to achieve a time resolution of 40 - 50 ps per hit, and 30 - 40 ps per track with hits from two detector layers. The ETROC1 is composed of a 5 x 5 pixel array and peripheral circuits. The pixel array includes a 4 x 4 active pixel array with an H-tree shaped network delivering clock and charge injection signals. Each active pixel is composed of various components, including a bump pad, a charge injection circuit, a pre-amplifier, a discriminator, a digital-to-analog converter, and a time-to-digital converter. These components play essential roles as the front-end link in processing LGAD signals and measuring timing-related information. The peripheral circuits provide clock signals and readout functionalities. The size of the ETROC1 chip is 7 mm x 9 mm. ETROC1 has been fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, and extensively tested under stimuli of charge injection, infrared laser, and proton beam. The time resolution of bump-bonded ETROC1 + LGAD chipsets reaches 42 - 46 ps per hit in the beam test.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

Determination of Strong Coupling Constant from Inclusive Semileptonic Decays of Charmed Mesons

Employing the heavy quark expansion model with the kinetic scheme, we evaluate $\alpha_S(m_c^2)$, the strong coupling constant at the charm quark mass $m_c$ with data on inclusive semileptonic decays of charmed mesons. Using the experimental values of semileptonic decay widths of the $D^0$ and the $D^+$, the value of $\alpha_{s}(m_c^{2})$ is determined to be $0.445\pm0.009\pm0.114$, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second systematic. This reported $\alpha_{s}(m_c^{2})$ is in good agreement with the value of $\alpha_{s}(m_c^{2})$ calculated by running $\alpha_S(m_Z^2)$ at the $Z^0$ boson mass $m_Z$ with the renormalization group evolution equation. In addition, values of $\alpha_{s}(m_c^{2})$ obtained individually from each of the $D^0$, $D^+$, and $D_s^+$ mesons are found to be consistent being of the same origin.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

The 120Gbps VCSEL Array Based Optical Transmitter (ATx) Development for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Experiments

The integration of a Verticle Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) array and a driving Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) in a custom optical array transmitter module (ATx) for operation in the detector front-end is constructed, assembled and tested. The ATx provides 12 parallel channels with each channel operating at 10 Gbps. The optical transmitter eye diagram passes the eye mask and the bit-error rate (BER) less than 1E-12 transmission is achieved at 10 Gbps/ch. The overall insertion loss including the radiation induced attenuation is sufficiently low to meet the proposed link budget requirement.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

Optical Data Transmission ASICs for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Experiments

We present the design and test results of two optical data transmission ASICs for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) experiments. These ASICs include a two-channel serializer (LOCs2) and a single-channel Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) driver (LOCld1V2). Both ASICs are fabricated in a commercial 0.25-um Silicon-on-Sapphire (SoS) CMOS technology and operate at a data rate up to 8 Gbps per channel. The power consumption of LOCs2 and LOCld1V2 are 1.25 W and 0.27 W at 8-Gbps data rate, respectively. LOCld1V2 has been verified meeting the radiation-tolerance requirements for HL-LHC experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

The Design of a High Speed Low Power Phase Locked Loop

The upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter readout system calls for the development of radiation tolerant, high speed and low power serializer ASIC. We have designed a phase locked loop using a commercial 0.25 um Silicon-on-Sapphire (SoS) CMOS technology. Post-layout simulation indicates that tuning range is 3.79-5.01 GHz and power consumption is 104 mW. The PLL has been submitted for fabrication. The design and simulation results are presented.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

The Clock Distribution System for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Phase-I Upgrade Demonstrator

A prototype Liquid-argon Trigger Digitizer Board (LTDB), called the LTDB Demonstrator, has been developed to demonstrate the functions of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Phase-I trigger electronics upgrade. Forty Analog-to-Digital converters and four FPGAs with embedded multi-gigabit-transceivers on each Demonstrator need high quality clocks. A clock distribution system based on commercial components has been developed for the Demonstrator. The design of the clock distribution system is presented. The performance of the clock distribution system has been evaluated. The components used in the clock distribution system have been qualified to meet radiation tolerance requirements of the Demonstrator.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

The VCSEL-based Array Optical Transmitter (ATx) Development Towards 120-Gbps Link for Collider Detector: Development Update

A compact radiation-tolerant array optical transmitter module (ATx) is developed to provide data transmission up to 10Gbps per channel with 12 parallel channels for collider detector applications. The ATx integrates a Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) array and driver circuitry for electrical to optical conversion, an edge warp substrate for the electrical interface and a micro-lens array for the optical interface. This paper reports the continuing development of the ATx custom package. A simple, high-accuracy and reliable active-alignment method for the optical coupling is introduced. The radiation-resistance of the optoelectronic components is evaluated and the inclusion of a custom-designed array driver is discussed.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

JTAG-based Remote Configuration of FPGAs over Optical Fibers

In this paper, a remote FPGA-configuration method based on JTAG extension over optical fibers is presented. The method takes advantage of commercial components and ready-to-use software such as iMPACT and does not require any hardware or software development. The method combines the advantages of the slow remote JTAG configuration and the fast local flash memory configuration. The method has been verified successfully and used in the Demonstrator of Liquid-Argon Trigger Digitization Board (LTDB) for the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter Phase-I trigger upgrade. All components on the FPGA side are verified to meet the radiation tolerance requirements.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

High-Speed Serial Optical Link Test Bench Using FPGA with Embedded Transceivers

We develop a custom Bit Error Rate test bench based on Altera's Stratix II GX transceiver signal integrity development kit, demonstrate it on point-to-point serial optical link with data rate up to 5 Gbps, and compare it with commercial stand alone tester. The 8B/10B protocol is implemented and its effects studied. A variable optical attenuator is inserted in the fibre loop to induce transmission degradation and to measure receiver sensitivity. We report comparable receiver sensitivity results using the FPGA based tester and commercial tester. The results of the FPGA also shows that there are more one-to-zero bit flips than zero-to-one bit flips at lower error rate. In 8B/10B coded transmission, there are more word errors than bit flips, and the total error rate is less than two times that of non-coded transmission. Total error rate measured complies with simulation results, according to the protocol setup.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

Development of A 16:1 serializer for data transmission at 5 Gbps

Radiation tolerant, high speed and low power serializer ASIC is critical for optical link systems in particle physics experiments. Based on a commercial 0.25 um silicon-on-sapphire CMOS technology, we design a 16:1 serializer with 5 Gbps serial data rate. This ASIC has been submitted for fabrication. The post-layout simulation indicates the deterministic jitter is 54 ps (pk-pk) and random jitter is 3 ps (rms). The power consumption of the serializer is 500 mW. The design details and post layout simulation results are presented in this paper.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

MUX64, an analogue 64-to-1 multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

We present the design and the performance of MUX64, a 64-to-1 analogue multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD). The MUX64 transmits one of its 64 inputs selected by six address lines for the voltages or temperatures being monitored to an lpGBT ADC channel. The prototype ASICs fabricated in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology were prepared in wire-bonding and QFN88 packaging format. A total of 280 chips was examined for functionality and quality assurance. The accelerated aging test conducted at 85 degrees celsius shows negligible degradation over 16 days.

physics.ins-det↗