arXiv subjects

Jinping He

Publications and source records attributed to Jinping He.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

A Compact, Ultra-High Resolution VIPA Spectrograph for Solar Spectroscopic Observations: Astrocomb Characterization and First Light

We present a compact, high spectral resolution prototype spectrograph based on a Virtually Imaged Phased Array (VIPA), which is designed for solar spectral observations. This fiber-fed instrument has a size of only 53 $\times$ 20 $\times$ 18 cm$^3$. Wavelength calibration using an astrocomb ($f_{\text{rep}}=25$ GHz) established an operational bandpass of 592.76--657.07 nm and revealed an asymmetric instrumental profile. A Fano-Lorentz product function provides a significantly better fit to this profile than a Gaussian. The measured spectral resolution ranges between 290,000 and 340,000 across the band. Initial on-sky validation at the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST, Yunnan Observatories) successfully demonstrated the prototype's capabilities: clear detection of solar five-minute oscillations ($\pm 300 \, \text{m s}^{-1}$) in the \ion {Fe}{1} 6280.57 \AA~ line, resolution of magnetic broadening in sunspots using the \ion{Fe}{1} 6173.34 \AA~ line, and the first ground-based definitive identification of the faint \ion{Si}{1} 6560.57 \AA~ line within the H$\alpha$ band. These results validate the VIPA as a promising platform for high spectral resolution solar spectroscopy. Its compact design and performance directly support future applications in multi-object solar studies, high spectral resolution observations for time-domain astronomy, including exoplanet detection, and potential space-borne instrumentation.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

On the use of polarized thermal emission to constrain cloud grain size and temperature structure of sub-stellar objects

Emission spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for probing the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and exoplanets, but interpretations based on flux spectra alone often suffer from degeneracies among temperature structure, chemical composition, and cloud properties. Thermal emission spectropolarimetry offers complementary sensitivity to these atmospheric characteristics. Previous studies have shown that linear polarization in fixed bandpasses depends on emission angle, temperature profile, and cloud scattering. In this study, we revisit these dependencies, emphasizing the wavelength-dependent effects that shape polarized spectra. We show that thermal polarization spectrum is primarily governed by: (1) a combination of temperature, temperature gradient, and wavelength; (2) cloud particle size; and (3) cloud optical thickness. Using the 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code ARTES, we simulate polarization spectra from a modeled 1D atmosphere. We find that, for a fixed cloud optical thickness, the polarization exhibits peaks at size parameters near 0.2 and 1. However, the dependence on cloud optical thickness is more pronounced and tends to dominate the broadband polarization. We further show that much narrower polarization features in molecular absorption band, can in principle trace the local temperature gradient at the photosphere of each wavelength. Future low-resolution (resolving power around 100) spectropolarimeter operating at 1-2 micron with sensitivities of 1e-5 would be able to capture these polarization features, and may provide a new diagnostic for breaking degeneracies that commonly affect flux-only retrievals. This work represents an incremental step toward the challenging goal of jointly interpreting atmosphere from both intensity and polarization spectra.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2023

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Photonics offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile. Integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization, as well as integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including for example the development of photonic lanterns, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings, complex beam combiners to enable long baseline interferometry, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of (1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc, (2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and (3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors, to name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space platforms.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

Unveiling non-gray surface of cloudy exoplanets: the influence of wavelength-dependent surface albedo and cloud scattering properties on retrieval solutions

Direct-imaging spectra hold rich information about a planet's atmosphere and surface, and several space-based missions aiming at such observations will become a reality in the near future. Previous spectral retrieval works have resulted in key atmospheric constraints under the assumption of a gray surface, but the effect of wavelength-dependent surface albedo on retrieval has not been shown. We explore the influence of the coupling effect of cloud and wavelength-dependent surface albedo on retrieval performance via modeling suites of Earth-like atmospheres with varying cloud and surface albedo parameterizations. Under the assumption of known cloud scattering properties, the surface spectral albedos can be reasonably recovered when the surface cover represents that of Earth-like vegetation or ocean, which may aid in characterizing the planet's habitability. When the cloud scattering properties cannot be assumed, we show that the degeneracy between the cloud properties and wavelength-dependent surface albedo leads to biased results of atmospheric and cloud properties. The multi-epoch visible band observations offer limited improvement in disentangling this degeneracy. However, the constraints on atmospheric properties from the combination of UV band (R $\sim 6$) $+$ visible band (R $\sim 140$) are consistent with input values to within 1 $\sigma$. If short bandpass data is not available, an alternative solution to reduce the retrieval uncertainties would be to have the prior constraints on planetary cloud fraction with less than 20% uncertainty.

astro-ph.EP↗