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Jiro Soda

Publications and source records attributed to Jiro Soda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Contact order governs the onset of entanglement cascades

Entangling rates describe a direct entangling channel, but give no information when that channel is forbidden. For finite-dimensional analytic pure-state dynamics, we show that the onset of genuine $(n+1)$-partite entanglement is determined by the contact order $m_\star$ between the physical trajectory and the $S|E$ product manifold. It is the first Taylor order that cannot be reproduced by any product curve, or equivalently the first nonvanishing order of the Fubini--Study distance from the product manifold. We derive a time-ordered recursion that removes curvature-induced kinematic terms and computes $m_\star$ from the Taylor coefficients of $H(t)$. This provides a geometric description of an entanglement cascade, in which new subsystems can join multipartite entanglement only after one or more interaction steps. A symmetry-protected three-qubit model realizes $m_\star=2$, and a three-mode bosonic example shows that genuine tripartite entanglement can arise even when the two newly formed reduced pairs remain separable.

quant-ph

Quasicrystalline Inflation: From the Cosmological Dipole to Primordial Diffraction

We propose quasicrystalline inflation. Six quasiperiodic phases decompose into three phonons and three phasons. It turns out that a coherent pure-phason displacement can generate a local power dipole while the linear traceless quadrupole vanishes. From spatially varying quadratic effective field theory, we derive off-diagonal correlations whose momentum transfer is restricted to integer combinations of the six icosahedral wavevectors. These correlated off-diagonal signals provide a characteristic observational signature of primordial quasiperiodic order, primordial diffraction.

hep-ph

Intermittency in Quantum Graviton-Phonon Conversion

A graviton can be converted into a phonon in a resonant bar detector. First-order perturbation theory predicts a strong enhancement of this conversion for coherent and squeezed graviton states, but the probability can exceed unity when the coherent or squeezing parameter is large. Since a conversion probability must satisfy the unitarity bound, we solve the graviton-phonon quantum dynamics exactly within the rotating-wave approximation. For an initial coherent state, we find that the conversion occurs intermittently through narrow bursts separated by intervals of strong suppression. For an initial squeezed state, the departure from perturbative behavior occurs earlier, and the conversion is strongly suppressed after its initial growth. These effects may provide signatures of quantum graviton-phonon dynamics relevant to single-graviton detection.

gr-qc

Cavity-QED Transducer of Gravitons

We develop a quantum description of the resonant interaction between electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational waves (GW). We first show that Lorentz invariance together with polarization selection rules forbids any photon-graviton mixing in free space. We demonstrate that confining the EM field within a cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) environment breaks translational symmetry and isotropy, leading to non-vanishing mode coupling between EM and gravitational degrees of freedom. Within this framework, we identify multiple photon-graviton scattering channels, including photon up- and down-conversion and photon creation. In the semiclassical limit of the trilinear interaction where GW acts as a classical pump and the EM field is in a vacuum, spontaneous parametric photon amplification and two-mode squeezing occur. When the gravitational field is quantized, however, the back-action and energy exchange between photons and gravitons result in saturation of amplification, in contrast to exponential growth, and the loss of purity in the photonic subsystem. The characteristic timescale scales as $t_{\text{sp}}\sim (g\sqrt{n_g})^{-1}$, where $g$ and $n_g$ refer to the coupling strength and the mean graviton number, demonstrating collective enhancement of the interaction with the graviton occupation number. In the stimulated regime, where one EM mode is initially populated, the effective coupling is further enhanced, analogous to Dicke-type superradiant emission. This work introduces a cavity-based graviton transducer for probing quantum aspects of GWs.

quant-ph

Coherent State Description of Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Holes

Quantum mechanics is the fundamental framework of nature, and gravitational waves from binary black holes during the inspiral phase should likewise be analyzed quantum mechanically. It is commonly assumed that their classical description corresponds to a coherent state, so any deviation would signal genuinely quantum nature of gravity. We show that the coherent-state description reproduces classical gravitational waves at leading order, while next-order effects generate squeezed states of gravitons. For GW150914, we estimate the squeezing parameter to be $\sim 10^{-4}$. We find that gravitational waves from binary black holes are well described by a coherent state.

gr-qc

Imprints of Dark Photons on Gravitational Wave Polarizations

We study conversion processes between gravitons and dark photons and reveal the effects of dark photons on the polarization of gravitational waves. Considering cosmological dark magnetic fields, we investigate the evolution of the intensity and polarization of gravitational waves through the conversion. Specifically, we demonstrate that for minimal coupling between gravitons and dark photons, the intensity, circular polarization, and linear polarization evolve separately. We derive explicit formulas for the statistical mean and variance of the intensity and polarization when the gravitational waves pass through magnetic fields with random orientation. The formulas capture how the initial polarization of dark photons will be imprinted on the observed gravitational wave background.

gr-qc

Chiral gravitational waves from domain walls in Nieh-Yan gravity

We study the scattering of gravitational waves by axion domain walls in teleparallel gravity with the Nieh-Yan term. Since a domain wall causes the parity violation, the transmitted gravitational waves also exhibit the parity violation. We calculate the degree of circular polarization of gravitational waves. It turns out that gravitational waves after going through the domain wall could be chiral. Remarkably, the degree of circular polarization does not depend on the tension of the domain wall.

gr-qc

Binary gravitational waves as probes of quantum graviton states

It is well known that the most reliable way to reveal the quantum nature of light is through photon number statistics, since photons exhibiting sub-Poissonian statistics unambiguously demonstrate their quantum behavior. In this paper, we show that gravitons emitted by binary systems can, in principle, exhibit analogous sub-Poissonian statistics. The key idea is that the vacuum state of gravitons may not be the standard Minkowski vacuum but rather a nonclassical state imprinted with the physics of the early Universe, such as inflation. Accordingly, gravitational waves from binary systems provide a means to probe the graviton states generated in the early Universe. As a concrete example, we show that squeezed graviton states originating from inflation can, in principle, imprint nonclassical graviton number statistics on gravitational waves from binary systems. In particular, we identify the frequency range in which the resulting coherent-squeezed graviton state can exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics. A realistic assessment of observational feasibility is left for future work.

gr-qc

Parity violation in photon quasinormal modes of black holes

Given that black holes are ubiquitous in the universe and axion-like scalar fields are potential candidates for dark energy and/or dark matter, it is natural to consider cosmological black holes endowed with axion hair. We investigate the photon quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole with axion hair where the electromagnetic field is coupled to the axion field via a Chern-Simons interaction. We derive the master equations for the electromagnetic field as a set of coupled equations for parity-even and parity-odd modes and numerically compute quasinormal modes by using Leaver's continued fraction method. We find parity violation in the polarization of photons within the quasinormal mode spectrum. This parity violation in electromagnetic signals could serve as a new probe to explore the nature of the dark sector.

gr-qc

Enhancing photon-axion conversion probability with squeezed coherent states

In particle physics, axions and axion-like particles are ubiquitous. Remarkably, ultra-light axions could constitute dark matter or dark energy. Therefore, it is important to detect axions experimentally. In the presence of a magnetic field, a photon can be converted into an axion, and vice versa. Utilizing the conversion phenomenon, several methods for detecting axions have been proposed. To improve detectability, it is desirable to use quantum sensing. However, since the conversion process is usually treated as classical wave dynamics, it is unclear how to incorporate quantum effects such as entanglement. In this work, we formulate the photon-axion conversion in a quantum field theoretical manner. As a result, we succeed in evaluating the conversion probability from a photon quantum state to an axion quantum state. In particular, it turns out that squeezed coherent states can enhance the conversion probability.

quant-ph

Toward graviton detection via photon-graviton quantum state conversion

A magnetic field enables the interconversion of photons and gravitons, yet the process is usually analysed only at the level of classical wave equations. We revisit photon-graviton conversion in a quantum field theoretic framework, allowing us to track the evolution of arbitrary quantum states. Treating the photons as squeezed coherent states and the gravitons as the squeezed vacuum expected for primordial gravitational waves, we derive analytic expressions for the conversion probability and show that it can be significantly enhanced compared to the conventional estimate. We further demonstrate that the conversion both swaps preexisting entanglement and generates genuinely new entanglement between the electromagnetic and gravitational sectors, which is impossible in any classical description. Detecting such nonclassical correlations would constitute compelling evidence for the quantization of gravity and offers a novel pathway toward graviton detection.

quant-ph

Search for high-frequency gravitational waves with Rydberg atoms

We propose high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors with Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are ultra-sensitive detectors of electric fields. By setting up a constant magnetic field, a weak electric field is generated upon the arrival of GWs. The weak electric field signal is then detected by an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the system of the Rydberg atoms. Recently, the minimum detectable electric field with the Rydberg atoms is further improved by employing superheterodyne detection method. Hence, even the weak signal generated by GWs turns out to be detectable. We calculate the amplitude of Rabi frequency of the Rydberg atoms induced by the GWs and show that the sensitivity of the Rydberg atoms becomes maximum when the size of the Rydberg atoms is close to the wavelength of GWs. We evaluate the minimum detectable amplitude of GWs with Rubidium Rydberg atoms and find that the detector can probe GWs with a frequency $f=4.2$ GHz and an amplitude around $10^{-20}$.

gr-qc

Stochastic tunneling in de Sitter spacetime

Tunneling processes in de Sitter spacetime are studied by using the stochastic approach. We exploit the Martin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-de Dominicis (MSRJD) functional integral to obtain the tunneling rate. The applicability conditions of this method are clarified using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. In the case of a shallow potential barrier, we reproduce the Hawking-Moss (HM) tunneling rate. Remarkably, in contrast to HM picture, the configuration derived from the MSRJD functional integral satisfies physically natural boundary conditions. We also discuss the case of a steep potential barrier and find an interesting Coleman-de Luccia (CDL) bubble-like configuration. Our results demonstrate how the bubble nucleation process could be described in the stochastic approach. Our method turns out to be useful for investigating various tunneling processes during inflation.

hep-th

Chromo-natural warm inflation

Chromo-natural inflation is a model where non-abelian gauge fields are sustained by the coupling of the axion with the gauge field through the Chern-Simons term. While minimal warm inflation is a model where the axion produces a thermal bath of non-abelian gauge particles through the Chern-Simons term. Since both axion inflation models are based on the same action, a natural question is if those are compatible or not. We study axion inflation with the Chern-Simons term and find that chromo-natural inflation can accommodate radiation with a temperature much larger than the Hubble parameter during inflation, which is a characteristic feature of warm inflation. Thus, we conclude that chromo-natural warm inflation exists, which must have phenomenologically interesting consequences.

hep-th

Exploring High Frequency Gravitational Waves with Magnons

Detecting gravitational waves with frequencies higher than 10 kHz requires new strategies. In previous papers, we proposed magnon gravitational wave detectors and gave the first limit on GHz gravitational waves by reinterpreting the existing data from axion dark matter experiments. In this paper, we show that the sensitivity can be improved by constructing the detector specific to gravitational waves. In particular, we employ an infinite sum of terms in the expansion of Fermi normal coordinates to probe gravitational waves with a wavelength comparable to the detector size. As a consequence, we obtain sensitivity of around $h_c \sim 10^{-20}$.

gr-qc

Hellings-Downs curve deformed by ultralight vector dark matter

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) provide a way to detect gravitational waves (GWs) at nanohertz frequencies. To ensure the detection of GWs, observational data must exhibit the Hellings-Downs angular correlation. It is also known that PTAs can probe ultralight dark matter. In this paper, we consider possible contamination of the Hellings-Downs angular correlation by the ultralight dark matter. We find that ultralight vector dark matter can give rise to the deformation of the Hellings-Downs correlation curve. Thus, the Hellings-Downs correlation curve could contain information on ultralight dark matter with a spin.

astro-ph.CO

Implications of multi-axion dark matter on structure formation

Axions are candidates for dark matter in the universe.We develop an accurate Boltzmann code to calculate the linear growth of the plasma. As an interesting example, we investigate a mixed dark matter model consisting of cold dark matter (CDM) and two-axion dark matter. We analyze the growth of the structure numerically and analytically. We find that an effective single axion with an effective mass and an effective abundance is useful to characterize the two-axion cosmology. Moreover, we generalize the effective single axion description to multi-axion dark matter cosmology. We also compare the results with those of warm dark matter (WDM) model. Moreover, we calculate halo mass functions for the mixed model by using the Press-Schechter model and linear perturbations and then determine the mass function as a function of masses and axion abundance.

astro-ph.CO

Observing axions through photon ring dimming of black holes

It is known that magnetic fields exist near black holes and photons can go around black holes due to strong gravity. Utilizing these facts, we can probe hypothetical pseudoscalar particles, so-called axions. In fact, photons can be converted into axions when they propagate in a magnetic field. The conversion of such photons into axions leads to a dimming of the photon ring around the black hole shadow. We show that photon ring dimming can occur efficiently for supermassive black holes. Remarkably, it turns out that the maximal dimming rate of the photon ring is 25%. In the case of M87*, the dimming of 10% will be observed in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands if the angular resolution of $10^{-5}$ arcsec is achieved. The frequency band and the magnitude of the dimming depend on the axion-photon coupling and axion mass. Hence, the distorted spectrum of the photon ring provides a novel tool for detecting axions.

hep-ph