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Jiuhe Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Jiuhe Liu.

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An Algebraic Proof of Gauge-Fixing Independence

This paper provides an algebraic proof of the gauge-fixing independence of perturbative asymptotic expansions in a finite-dimensional model of non-Abelian gauge theory. We develop an algebraic framework using the BRST formalism and perturbation theory. Our main theorem shows that under appropriate transversality conditions, normalized expectation values of observables remain unchanged under smooth deformations of the gauge-fixing conditions that preserve these assumptions.

math-ph

The \(V_n\) Invariants as Colored Links--Gould Invariants:A Root--Center Approach

The knot invariants \(V_n\) arise from a rank-two Nichols algebra and a \(4n\)-dimensional right Yetter--Drinfeld module, whereas the colored Links--Gould invariants are defined from typical \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}(2|1))\)-modules. We prove that these two constructions agree, up to the mirror and parameter inversion forced by the right-module convention. The proof is structural. We first realize the braid operator \(T_n\) as a gauge transform of a canonical super Yetter--Drinfeld braiding. We then construct the relevant right--right paired double, prove that its Hopf pairing is perfect in every root degree, and obtain its completed universal \(R\)-matrix. An explicit Abelian Drinfeld twist separates this double into an all-odd \(U_\hbar(\mathfrak{sl}(2|1))\) root factor and a commutative central factor. Under this factorization, the Nichols module becomes a typical all-odd highest-weight module tensored with a one-dimensional central module. Finally, we transport duality, all four oriented crossings, partial transposes, and writhe normalization. For every oriented knot \(\mathcal K\), every \(n\geq 1\), and every \(\beta\neq 0,-1\), the result is \[ V_{n,\mathcal K}\!\left(Q^{2n\beta+n},Q^2\right) = LG_{\mathcal K}^{(n)}\!\left(Q^{-n\beta},Q^{-1}\right) = LG_{\overline{\mathcal K}}^{(n)}\!\left(Q^{n\beta},Q\right). \] In particular, the scalar-identity property conjectured for the endomorphism-valued \(V_n\) construction follows from the simplicity of the corresponding typical module.

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