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Jiuyi Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to Jiuyi Zhu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Bounds of singular sets for elliptic equations in $C^{1, Dini}$ domains with singular potentials

We study the quantitative codimension-two estimate for the singular set in the boundary neighborhoods of the solutions of \begin{equation*} Δu+V(x)u=0\qquad\text{in }Ω, \qquad u=0\qquad\text{on }\partialΩ, \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$ is a bounded $C^{1,\mathrm{Dini}}$ domain and $V\in L^p(Ω)$ for some $p>n$. We first prove the explicit upper bound for the doubling index is given by $C(n,p,Ω)(1+\|V\|_{L^p(Ω)}^{\frac{2p}{3p-2n}})$.The analytic input is an interior volume estimate for solutions of second order elliptic equations with uniformly elliptic Dini leading coefficients and $V\in L^p$. Using the quantitative doubling index bound, boundary flattening, we show an explicit upper bound for singular sets in the neighborhood of the boundary of the $C^{1,\mathrm{Dini}}$ domain.

math.AP

Doubling inequalities and propagation of smallness for Schrödinger equations with singular potentials

We study quantitative unique continuation for solutions of the Schrö\-din\-ger equation with complex-valued singular potentials \(V\in L^t\), \(t>d/2\). We obtain a family of scale-invariant \(L^p\to L^q\) Carleman inequalities for the Laplacian and use them to prove the doubling inequalities with explicit dependence on the \(L^t\)-norm of the potential. These estimates are combined with multiscale arguments to obtain propagation of smallness from arbitrary measurable sets of positive measure. As an application of the main results, we prove an upper bound for the BMO norm for the logarithms of Dirichlet-Laplace eigenfunctions in simply connected planar Lipschitz domains.

math.AP

Quantitative uniqueness for bi-Laplace equations with potentials

We study quantitative unique continuation for bi-Laplace equations \[Δ^{2}u+V(x)u=0 \] by introducing some new weighted frequency functions. We establish quantitative three-ball inequalities and vanishing-order bounds for bounded and Hölder continuous potentials. Three-ball inequalities are built on rescaling invariant weighted frequency functions. The vanishing order results are shown by related, but different weighted frequency functions.

math.AP

Quantitative unique continuation for elliptic equations with Hölder continuous potentials

We study quantitative unique continuation for second order elliptic equations with lower-order terms of Hölder regularity via a weighted frequency function method. We establish quantitative three-ball inequalities and corresponding vanishing-order bounds for Schrödinger equations with Hölder potentials and Hölder gradient terms, and corresponding results for elliptic equations with variable leading coefficients. Our results are quantitative with explicit dependence of Hölder norms in the three-ball inequalities. These fill in the gap for quantitative unique continuation between bounded potentials and $C^1$ potentials.

math.AP

Upper bounds of nodal sets for solutions of bi-Laplace equations: II

We investigate the upper bounds of nodal sets for solutions of bi-Laplace equations without using frequency functions which play an essential role in the study of nodal sets in the celebrated work by Logunov \cite{Lo18}. We obtain some delicate monotonicity and propagation of smallness results by Carleman estimates. A polynomial upper bound for the nodal sets of solutions is obtained.

math.AP

Quantitative unique continuation for Neumann problem in planar $C^{1,α}$ domains

In this paper, we study the quantitative unique continuation property of the second-order elliptic operators under the vanishing Neumann boundary condition over $C^{1,α}$ or convex domains in two dimensions. We establish the optimal estimates of the number of critical points, doubling index and the total length of level curves. The key idea is to reduce the Neumann problem to the Dirichlet problem, which has been understood better, by a classical duality between an $A$-harmonic function and its stream function.

math.AP

Observability inequalities for heat equations with potentials

This paper is mainly concerned with the observability inequalities for heat equations with time-dependent Lipschtiz potentials. The observability inequality for heat equations asserts that the total energy of a solution is bounded above by the energy localized in a subdomain with an observability constant. For a bounded measurable potential $V = V(x,t)$, the factor in the observability constant arising from the Carleman estimate is best known to be $\exp(C\|V\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$ (even for time-independent potentials). In this paper, we show that, for Lipschtiz potentials, this factor can be replaced by $\exp(C(\|\nabla V\|_{\infty}^{1/2} +\|\partial_tV\|_{\infty}^{1/3} ))$, which improves the previous bound $\exp(C\|V\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$ in some typical scenarios. As a consequence, with such a Lipschitz potential, we obtain a quantitative regular control in a null controllability problem. In addition, for the one-dimensional heat equation with some time-independent bounded measurable potential $V = V(x)$, we obtain the optimal observability constant.

math.OC

Spectral inequalities for Schrödinger equations and quantitative propagation of smallness in the plane

This paper deals with spectral inequalities for one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with potentials bounded between two increasing functions (weights). The spectral inequality allows one to estimate the norm of a function with bounded spectrum by its values on a certain sensor set. We say that a measurable subset of the real line is thick if the measure of the intersection of this set with any interval of fixed length is bounded from below. First, we consider thick sensor sets a large class of pairs of weights. For potentials constrained between two polynomials, spectral inequalities for a broad class of so-called generalized thick sets are analyzed. A quantitative dependence of the constants in the spectral inequalities on the density of the sensor sets, the growth rate of the potentials, and the spectral interval is established. The proofs rely on a new quantitative propagation of smallness (or quantitative Cauchy uniqueness) for elliptic equations in the plane.

math.AP

Boundary quantitative unique continuation for solutions of elliptic equations

We study the quantitative unique continuation on the boundary for solutions of elliptic equations with Neumann boundary conditions for bounded potentials and boundary potentials on compact manifolds with boundary. The boundary doubling inequality is derived from the combination of local Carleman estimates and global Carleman estimates. Some special attentions are paid to overcome the regularity issues arising from this boundary value problem.

math.AP

Spectral inequalities for Schrödinger equations with various potentials

We study the spectral inequalities of Schrödinger operator in the whole space for different potentials, which can be power growth or continuously vanishing at infinity. The spectral inequalities quantitatively depend on the density of the sensor sets with positive measure, growth rate of the potentials and spectrum (or eigenvalues). One important component in the poof is the adaptation of propagation of smallness argument for gradients in \cite{LM18}. As an application, we apply the spectral inequalities to obtain quantitative observability inequalities for heat equations.

math.AP

Nodal sets of Dirichlet eigenfunctions in quasiconvex Lipschitz domains

We introduce the class of quasiconvex Lipschitz domains, which covers both $C^1$ and convex domains, to the study of boundary unique continuation for elliptic operators. In particular, we prove the upper bound of the size of nodal sets for Dirichlet eigenfunctions of general elliptic equations in bounded quasiconvex Lipschitz domains. Our result is new even for Laplace operator in convex domains.

math.AP

Upper bound of critical sets of solutions of elliptic equations in the plane

In this note, we investigate the measure of singular sets and critical sets of real-valued solutions of elliptic equations in two dimensions. These singular sets and critical sets are finitely many points in the plane. Adapting the Carleman estimates involving polynomial functions at singularities by Donnelly and Fefferman in \cite{DF90}, we obtain the upper bounds of singular points and critical points.

math.AP

Spectral inequality for Schrödinger equations with power growth potentials

We prove a spectral inequality for Schrödinger equations with power growth potentials, which particularly confirms a conjecture in \cite{DSV}. This spectral inequality depends on the decaying density of the sensor sets, and the growth rate of potentials. The proof relies on three-ball inequalities derived from modified versions of quantitative global and local Carleman estimates that take advantage of the gradient information of the potentials.

math.AP

Highly Efficient and Selective Extraction of Gold by Reduced Graphene Oxide

Materials that are capable of extracting gold from complex sources, especially electronic waste (e-waste) with high efficiency are needed for gold resource sustainability and effective e-waste recycling. However, it remains challenging to achieve high extraction capacity to trace amount of gold, and precise selectivity to gold over a wide range of complex co-existing elements. Here we report a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material that has an ultrahigh extraction capacity for trace amounts of gold (1,850 mg/g and 1,180 mg/g to 10 ppm and 1 ppm gold). The excellent gold extraction behavior is accounted to the graphene areas and oxidized regions of rGO. The graphene areas spontaneously reduce gold ions to metallic gold, and the oxidized regions provide a good dispersibility so that efficient adsorption and reduction of gold ions by the graphene area can be realized. The rGO is also highly selective to gold ions. By controlling the protonation process of the functional groups on the oxidized regions of rGO, it shows an exclusive gold extraction without adsorption of 14 co-existing elements seen in e-waste. These discoveries are further exploited in highly efficient, continuous gold recycling from e-waste with good scalability and economic viability, as exemplified by extracting gold from e-waste using a rGO membrane based flow-through process.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Doubling inequalities and nodal sets in periodic elliptic homogenization

We prove explicit doubling inequalities and obtain uniform upper bounds (under $(d-1)$-dimensional Hausdorff measure) of nodal sets of weak solutions for a family of linear elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients. The doubling inequalities, explicitly depending on the doubling index, are proved at different scales by a combination of convergence rates, a three-ball inequality from certain "analyticity", and a monotonicity formula of a frequency function. The upper bounds of nodal sets are shown by using the doubling inequalities, approximations by harmonic functions and an iteration argument.

math.AP

Doubling inequalities and critical sets of Dirichlet eigenfunctions

We study the sharp doubling inequalities for the gradients and upper bounds for the critical sets of Dirichlet eigenfunctions on the boundary and in the interior of compact Riemannian manifolds. Most efforts are devoted to obtaining the sharp doubling inequalities for the gradients. New technique is developed to overcome the difficulties on the unavailability of the double manifold in obtaining doubling inequalities in smooth manifolds. The sharp upper bounds of critical sets in analytic Riemannian manifolds are consequences of the doubling inequalities.

math.AP

Upper bounds of nodal sets for eigenfunctions of eigenvalue problems

The aim of this article is to provide a simple and unified way to obtain the sharp upper bounds of nodal sets of eigenfunctions for different types of eigenvalue problems on real analytic domains. The examples include biharmonic Steklov eigenvalue problems, buckling eigenvalue problems and champed-plate eigenvalue problems. The geometric measure of nodal sets are derived from doubling inequalities and growth estimates for eigenfunctions. It is done through analytic estimates of Morrey-Nirenberg and Carleman estimates.

math.AP

Geometry and interior nodal sets of Steklov eigenfunctions

We investigate the geometric properties of Steklov eigenfunctions in smooth manifolds. We derive the refined doubling estimates and Bernstein's inequalities. For the real analytic manifolds, we are able to obtain the sharp upper bound for the measure of interior nodal sets.

math.AP