Multisymplectic geometry and covariant formalism for mechanical systems with a Lie group as configuration space: application to the Reissner beam
Many physically important mechanical systems may be described with a Lie group $G$ as configuration space. According to the well-known Noether's theorem, underlying symmetries of the Lie group may be used to considerably reduce the complexity of the problems. However, these reduction techniques, used without care for general problems (waves, field theory), may lead to uncomfortable infinite dimensional spaces. As an alternative, the \emph{covariant} formulation allows to consider a finite dimensional configuration space by increasing the number of independent variables. But the geometric elements needed for reduction, adapted to the specificity of covariant problems which admit Lie groups as configuration space, are difficult to apprehend in the literature (some are even missing to our knowledge). To fill this gap, this article reconsiders the historical geometric construction made by E. Cartan in this particular "covariant Lie group" context. Thus, and it is the main interest of this work, the Poincaré-Cartan and multi-symplectic forms are obtained for a principal $G$ bundle. It allows to formulate the \emph{Euler-Poincaré equations} of motion and leads to a Noether's current form defined in the dual Lie algebra.