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Joan Dunham

Publications and source records attributed to Joan Dunham.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Results from a Stellar Occultation by (623) Chimaera

We present results from a stellar occultation by the asteroid (623) Chimaera on October 21st, 2025, when it passed in front of V magnitude 13.86 star UCAC4 626-004193. Chimaera is the largest asteroid in the Chimaerid asteroid family and will be subject to a spacecraft flyby in the 2030s. Eighteen telescopes were deployed, spanning the United States from Arizona to North Carolina, incrementally spaced by $\sim4.4$\,km with respect to the cross-track of the shadow. In total, sixteen telescopes collected useful data. This multi-chord observation, when compiled into a single sky-plane plot, suggests a profile which is well-described by an elongated elliptical fit, with a semi-major axis $a=26.2\pm0.8$ km and a semi-minor axis $b=16.0\pm1.0$ km. The projected area from ellipse fitting is 1316 km$^2$, and a limb fit is calculated to enclose 1312 km$^2$. Photometry collected in the Gaia G band over a seven-month period coinciding with the occultation corresponds to a geometric albedo $p_G=0.059\pm0.005$; comparing with archival occultation observations and direct observations gives $p_G=0.051\pm0.004$ and $p_V=0.051\pm0.004$. We compare occultation sky-plane projections with 3-D modeling from inversion techniques and demonstrate that the models can accurately predict the orientation of Chimaera at the time of each occultation.

astro-ph.EP↗

Size, shape, density, and atmospheric limit of (50000) Quaoar revealed from 14 years of stellar occultation

We present results from 28 stellar occultations by the large Trans-Neptunian Object (50000) Quaoar registered between 2018 and 2025. By performing a joint analysis of this occultation data-set, along with other 9 published events, we were able to fit an oblate ellipsoid shape, with equatorial semi-axes, a and b of 566.1+2.5-2.2 km, and a polar semi-axis, c, of 511.2+3.6-3.7 km. It provides an equivalent volumetric diameter of 1094.4 +/- 4.6 km and polar oblateness of 0.097 +/- 0.011. Considering an absolute magnitude of H = 2.79 +/- 0.35, we derive a geometric albedo of pV = 0.125 +/- 0.038. We have derived new upper limits to the surface pressure of a CH4 atmosphere of 0.15 nbar (1-sigma) and 0.65 nbar (3-sigma). We also provide a table with the 36 new astrometric positions for Quaoar. Using the new system mass derived from Weywot's orbit around Quaoar, we calculated a density of 1.760 +/- 0.109 g/cm3. Moreover, from the derived size and rotation period (8.8394 +/- 0.0002 hours (Ortiz et al. 2003)), we calculate that, if Quaoar is in Maclaurin hydrostatic equilibrium state, it would have a density of 1.859 +/- 0.200 g/cm3. This result, within the error bars, is compatible with the value we found. Therefore, this work shows that Quaoar can be a Maclaurin object, being eligible as a dwarf planet.

astro-ph.EP↗

Size and Shape Constraints of (486958) Arrokoth from Stellar Occultations

We present the results from four stellar occultations by (486958) Arrokoth, the flyby target of the New Horizons extended mission. Three of the four efforts led to positive detections of the body, and all constrained the presence of rings and other debris, finding none. Twenty-five mobile stations were deployed for 2017 June 3 and augmented by fixed telescopes. There were no positive detections from this effort. The event on 2017 July 10 was observed by SOFIA with one very short chord. Twenty-four deployed stations on 2017 July 17 resulted in five chords that clearly showed a complicated shape consistent with a contact binary with rough dimensions of 20 by 30 km for the overall outline. A visible albedo of 10% was derived from these data. Twenty-two systems were deployed for the fourth event on 2018 Aug 4 and resulted in two chords. The combination of the occultation data and the flyby results provides a significant refinement of the rotation period, now estimated to be 15.9380 $\pm$ 0.0005 hours. The occultation data also provided high-precision astrometric constraints on the position of the object that were crucial for supporting the navigation for the New Horizons flyby. This work demonstrates an effective method for obtaining detailed size and shape information and probing for rings and dust on distant Kuiper Belt objects as well as being an important source of positional data that can aid in spacecraft navigation that is particularly useful for small and distant bodies.

astro-ph.EP↗