arXiv subjects

Jochen Glück

Publications and source records attributed to Jochen Glück.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The spectrum of operator extensions to free Banach Lattices

Every bounded linear operator $T$ on a complex Banach space $E$ is known to extend to a lattice homomorphism $\overline{T}$ that acts on the so-called complex free Banach lattice over $E$. We show the following three results about the spectrum $σ(\overline{T})$ of $\overline{T}$: (i) $σ(\overline{T})$ always contains the spectrum $σ(T)$; this answers a recent question of de Hevia and Tradacete. (ii) It can happen that $σ(T)$ is a singleton while $σ(\overline{T})$ is the entire unit circle; this shows that $σ(\overline{T})$ is not the closure of the cyclic hull of $σ(T)$ in general. (iii) Finally, we give a full characterization of $σ(\overline{T})$ in terms of the spectral properties of $T$. Some of our arguments also give new results about the spectral properties of general lattice homomorphisms. As a main tool we make extensive use of the Banach lattice functional calculus for continuous positively homogeneous functions.

math.FA↗

arXiv2026

The lattice structure of negative Sobolev and extrapolation spaces

It is well-known that the Sobolev spaces $W^{k,p}(\mathbb R^d)$ are vector lattices with respect to the pointwise almost everywhere order if $k \in \{0,1\}$, but not if $k \ge 2$. In this note, we consider negative $k$ and show that the span of the positive cone in $W^{k,p}(\mathbb R^d)$ is a vector lattice in this case. We also prove a related abstract result: if $(T(t))_{t \in [0,\infty)}$ is a positive $C_0$-semigroup on a Banach lattice $X$ with order continuous norm, then the span of the cone $X_{-1,+}$ in the extrapolation space $X_{-1}$ is a vector lattice. This complements results obtained by Bátkai, Jacob, Wintermayr, and Voigt in the context of perturbation theory and provides additional context for the theory of infinite-dimensional positive systems.

math.FA↗

arXiv2026

Non-Positivity of the heat equation with non-local Robin boundary conditions

We study heat equations $\partial_t u - \operatorname{div}(A\nabla u) = 0$ on bounded Lipschitz domains $Ω$, where $-\operatorname{div}(A\nabla\,\cdot\,)$ is a second-order uniformly elliptic operator with generalised Robin boundary conditions. These boundary conditions are formally given by $ν\cdot A\nabla u + Bu=0$, where $B\in\mathcal{L}(L^2(\partialΩ))$ is a general operator. In contrast to large parts of the literature on non-local Robin boundary conditions, we also allow for operators $B$ that destroy the positivity preserving property of the solution semigroup. Nevertheless, we obtain ultracontractivity of the semigroup under quite mild assumptions on $B$. For a certain class of operators $B$ we demonstrate that the semigroup is in fact eventually positive rather than positivity preserving.

math.AP↗

arXiv2025

Limit-case admissibility for positive infinite-dimensional systems

In the context of positive infinite-dimensional linear systems, we systematically study $L^p$-admissible control and observation operators with respect to the limit-cases $p=\infty$ and $p=1$, respectively. This requires an in-depth understanding of the order structure on the extrapolation space $X_{-1}$, which we provide. These properties of $X_{-1}$ also enable us to discuss when zero-class admissibility is automatic. While those limit-cases are the weakest form of admissibility on the $L^p$-scale, it is remarkable that they sometimes follow from order theoretic and geometric assumptions. Our assumptions on the geometries of the involved spaces are minimal.

math.FA↗

arXiv2025

Square Root Operators and the Well-Posedness of Pseudodifferential Parabolic Models of Wave Phenomena

Pseudodifferential parabolic equations with an operator square root arise in wave propagation problems as a one-way counterpart of the Helmholtz equation. The expression under the square root usually involves a differential operator and a known function. We discuss a rigorous definition of such operator square roots and show well-posedness of the pseudodifferential parabolic equation by using the theory of strongly continuous semigroups. This provides a justification for a family of widely-used numerical methods for wavefield simulations in various areas of physics.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2025

A functional representation approach to vector lattice covers for spaces of compact operators

For ordered normed vector spaces $X, Y$, we consider the space $\mathcal{L}(X,Y)$ of bounded linear operators and characterize when its cone of positive operators has non-empty interior. When this is satisfied, we give a functional representation of the closure $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$ of the finite rank operators in $\mathcal{L}(X,Y)$. This space is particularly interesting since it coincides in many cases with the space of compact operators from $X$ to $Y$. Our functional representation has very good order properties in the sense that it is a so-called vector lattice cover of $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$. This can be used to characterize disjointness of operators in $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$ and to determine which operators have a modulus in $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$. We demonstrate how our results can be applied to a variety of concrete spaces.

math.FA↗

arXiv2025

Positivity properties of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator on graphs

We explore positivity properties of the semigroup generated by the negative of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator with real potential $λ$, defined on a subset of the vertices of a quantum graph. We show that for rationally independent edge lengths and suitable graph topologies, this semigroup will alternate between being positive, eventually positive without being positive (that is, positive only for sufficiently large times), and not even eventually positive, as $λ\to \infty$. For other graph topologies, the semigroup will alternate between being positive and not eventually positive. The topological conditions are related to a reduced graph which is a schematic map of the connections between the vertices on which the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator acts.

math.SP↗

arXiv2025

Analyticity of positive semigroups is inherited under domination

For positive $C_0$-semigroups $S$ and $T$ on a Banach lattice such that $S(t) \le T(t)$ for all times $t$, we prove that analyticity of $T$ implies analyticity of $S$. This answers an open problem posed by Arendt in 2004. Our proof is based on a spectral theoretic argument: we apply spectral theory of positive operators to multiplication operators that are induced by $S$ and $T$ on a vector-valued function space.

math.FA↗

arXiv2025

Automatic time continuity of positive matrix and operator semigroups

We consider a matrix semigroup $T: [0,\infty) \to \mathbb{R}^{d \times d}$ without assuming any measurability properties and show that, if $T$ is bounded close to $0$ and $T(t) \ge 0$ entrywise for all $t$, then $T$ is continuous. This complements classical results for the scalar-valued case. We also prove an analogous result if $T$ takes values in the positive operators over a sequence space.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

Increasing sequences in ordered Banach spaces -- new theorems and open problems

An ordered Banach space $X$ is said to have the Levi property or to be regular if every increasing order bounded net (equivalently, sequence) is norm convergent. We prove four theorems related to this classical concept: (i) The Levi property follows from the - formally weaker - assumption that every increasing net that has a minimal upper bound is norm convergent. This motivates a discussion about in which sense the Levi property resembles the notion of order continuous norm from Banach lattice theory. (ii) If $X$ is separable and has normal cone, then the assumption that every increasing order bounded sequence has a supremum implies the Levi property. This generalizes a classical result about Banach lattices, but requires new ideas since one cannot work with disjoint sequences in the proof. (iii) A version of Dini's theorem for ordered Banach spaces that is more general than what is typically stated in the literature. We use this to derive a sufficient condition for the space of all compact operators between two Banach lattices to have the Levi property. (iv) Dini's theorem never holds on reflexive ordered Banach spaces with non-normal cone - i.e., on such a space one can always find an increasing sequence that converges weakly but not in norm. We illustrate our results by various examples and counterexamples and pose four open problems.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

Uniform ergodic theorems for semigroup representations

We consider a bounded representation $T$ of a commutative semigroup $S$ on a Banach space and analyse the relation between three concepts: (i) properties of the unitary spectrum of $T$, which is defined in terms of semigroup characters on $S$; (ii) uniform mean ergodic properties of $T$; and (iii) quasi-compactness of $T$. We use our results to generalize the celebrated Niiro-Sawashima theorem to semigroup representations and, as a consequence, obtain the following: if a positive and bounded semigroup representation on a Banach lattice is uniformly mean ergodic and has finite-dimensional fixed space, then it is quasi-compact.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

A note on the positivity of inverse operators acting on $C^*$-algebras

For a positive and invertible linear operator $T$ acting on a $C^*$-algebra, we give necessary and sufficient criteria for the inverse operator $T^{-1}$ to be positive, too. Moreover, a simple counterexample shows that $T^{-1}$ need not be positive even if $T$ is unital and its spectrum is contained in the unit circle.

math.OA↗

arXiv2024

Stability via closure relations with applications to dissipative and port-Hamiltonian systems

We consider differential operators $A$ that can be represented by means of a so-called closure relation in terms of a simpler operator $A_{\operatorname{ext}}$ defined on a larger space. We analyze how the spectral properties of $A$ and $A_{\operatorname{ext}}$ are related and give sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the semigroup generated by $A$ in terms of the semigroup generated by $A_{\operatorname{ext}}$. As applications we study the long-term behaviour of a coupled wave-heat system on an interval, parabolic equations on bounded domains that are coupled by matrix valued potentials, and of linear infinite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian systems with dissipation on an interval.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

On Characteristics of the Range of Integral Operators

We show that a positive operator between $L^p$-spaces is given by integration against a kernel function if and only if the image of each positive function has a lower semi-continuous representative with respect to a suitable topology. This is a consequence of a new characterization of kernel operators on general Banach lattices as those operators whose range can be represented over a fixed countable set of positive vectors. Similar results are shown to hold for operators that merely dominate a non-trivial kernel operator.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

Stability criteria for positive semigroups on ordered Banach spaces

We consider generators of positive $C_0$-semigroups and, more generally, resolvent positive operators $A$ on ordered Banach spaces and seek for conditions ensuring the negativity of their spectral bound $s(A)$. Our main result characterizes $s(A) < 0$ in terms of so-called \emph{small-gain conditions} that describe the behaviour of $Ax$ for positive vectors $x$. This is new even in case that the underlying space is an $L^p$-space or a space of continuous functions. We also demonstrate that it becomes considerably easier to characterize the property $s(A) < 0$ if the cone of the underlying Banach space has non-empty interior or if the essential spectral bound of $A$ is negative. To treat the latter case, we discuss a counterpart of a Krein-Rutman theorem for resolvent positive operators. When $A$ is the generator of a positive $C_0$-semigroup, our results can be interpreted as stability results for the semigroup, and as such, they complement similar results recently proved for the discrete-time case. In the same vein, we prove a Collatz--Wielandt type formula and a logarithmic formula for the spectral bound of generators of positive semigroups.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

Irreducibility of eventually positive semigroups

Positive $C_0$-semigroups that occur in concrete applications are, more often than not, irreducible. Therefore a deep and extensive theory of irreducibility has been developed that includes characterizations, perturbation analysis, and spectral results. Many arguments from this theory, however, break down if the semigroup is only eventually positive - a property that has recently been shown to occur in numerous concrete evolution equations. In this article, we develop new tools that also work for the eventually positive case. The lack of positivity for small times makes it necessary to consider ideals that might only be invariant for large times. In contrast to their classical counterparts - the invariant ideals - such eventually invariant ideals require more involved methods from the theory of operator ranges. Using those methods we are able to characterize (an appropriate adaptation of) irreducibility by means of linear functionals, derive a perturbation result, prove a number of spectral theorems, and analyze the interaction of irreducibility with analyticity, all in the eventually positive case. By a number of examples, we illustrate what kind of behaviour can and cannot be expected in this setting.

math.FA↗

arXiv2024

A note on the Huijsmans-de Pagter problem on finite dimensional ordered vector spaces

A classical problem posed in 1992 by Huijsmans and de Pagter asks whether, for every positive operator $T$ on a Banach lattice with spectrum $σ(T) = \{1\}$, the inequality $T \ge \operatorname{id}$ holds true. While the problem remains unsolved in its entirety, a positive solution is known in finite dimensions. In the broader context of ordered Banach spaces, Drnovšek provided an infinite-dimensional counterexample. In this note, we demonstrate the existence of finite-dimensional counterexamples, specifically on the ice cream cone and on a polyhedral cone in $\mathbb{R}^3$. On the other hand, taking inspiration from the notion of $m$-isometries, we establish that each counterexample must contain a Jordan block of size at least $3$.

math.FA↗

arXiv2023

Order boundedness and order continuity properties of positive operator semigroups

Relatively uniformly continuous (ruc) semigroups were recently introduced and studied by Kandić, Kramar-Fijavž, and the second-named author, in order to make the theory of one-parameter operator semigroups available in the setting of vector lattices, where no norm is present in general. In this article, we return to the more standard Banach lattice setting - where both ruc semigroups and $C_0$-semigroups are well-defined concepts - and compare both notions. We show that the ruc semigroups are precisely those positive $C_0$-semigroups whose orbits are order bounded for small times. We then relate this result to three different topics: (i) equality of the spectral and the growth bound for positive $C_0$-semigroups; (ii) a uniform order boundedness principle which holds for all operator families between Banach lattices; and (iii) a description of unbounded order convergence in terms of almost everywhere convergence for nets which have an uncountable index set containing a co-final sequence.

math.FA↗