arXiv subjects

John Dixon

Publications and source records attributed to John Dixon.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2019

Suppressed SUSY and the Cosmological Constant

Rigid SUSY with gauge symmetry has a simple form for the Higgs potential. It is the positive semi--definite sum of the squares of the auxiliary fields. Setting the potential to zero yields a set of equations for the Vacuum Expectation Values (`VEVs') of the scalar fields. These VEVs yield zero vacuum energy for the Higgs potential, even after gauge symmetry breaking (`GSB'). Nothing like this happens in theories without SUSY. However, there are four problems that make this initially promising feature look quite useless and ineffective: (1) SUSY has too many Higgs Fields. (2) SUSY predicts supermultiplets. (3) Spontaneous breaking of SUSY looks contrived and it is unsuccessful anyway (because of the sum rules and the huge auxiliary VEVs). (4) There are negative terms in the supergravity version of the Higgs potential. These problems are normally considered to be an inevitable consequence of SUSY. However, using a technique we call suppression of fields (or `flipping'), we can remove all four problems, without disturbing the basic algebra of SUSY. We start with a conventional Grand Unified Supergravity Theory (`GUST'), and its BRST Master Equation. The BRST Master Equation treats fields and Zinn sources more or less like coordinates and momenta in the Classical Poisson Bracket, and that suggests exchanging the fields and the Zinn sources, as in a canonical transfomation. We call this flipping. The resulting new `suppressed' GUST has a simple quadratic Higgs potential, and so it has a naturally zero cosmological constant after GSB (at tree level). It also has a Master Equation, simply derived from the original GUST, that preserves its symmetry, and its unitarity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2016

Cybersusy Solves the Cosmological Constant Problem

Cybersusy is a new mechanism for SUSY breaking. When the auxiliary fields are integrated in any theory like the SSM, certain special new composite superfields arise. Spontaneous breaking of internal symmetry, like SU(2) X U(1) to U(1), gives rise to a new realization of SUSY for these new superfields. This realization mixes elementary and composite states. In the resulting effective action, if the new superfield has mass, then there are SUSY anomalies. Since there are no massless supermultiplets, the SUSY anomalies must be present. They generate a spectrum for SUSY breaking that is consistent with the known particles. Supergravity does not couple to the anomalies because it does not couple to composite states. So unitarity is not violated. There is no cosmological constant generated, because SUSY is not spontaneously broken.

hep-th↗

arXiv2016

The SSM with Suppressed SUSY Charge

An earlier paper showed that it is possible to write down new SUSY Actions in which it is not possible to define a Supersymmetry Charge. SUSY is defined in these new Actions by the fact that they satisfy Master Equations. The new SUSY Actions are very easy to write down. One simply takes a Chiral SUSY Action, coupled to Gauge and other Chiral Multiplets, and even SuperGravity, if desired. Then one creates a new Action from this by exchanging all or part of the Scalar Field $S$ for a new Zinn Source $J$, and the corresponding part of the Zinn Source $Γ$ for a new Antighost Field $η$. Since the original Action satisfies a Master Equation, this exchange guarantees that the new Action will satisfy the new Master Equation. As was shown in the earlier paper, the new multiplets have fewer bosonic degrees of freedom than fermionic degrees of freedom. This is possible because they do not have a Supercharge. The resulting new SSM has no need for Squarks or Sleptons. It does not need spontaneous breaking of SUSY, so that the cosmological constant problem does not arise (at least at tree level). It mimics the usual non-supersymmetric Standard Model very well, and the absence of large flavour changing neutral currents is natural. There is no need for a hidden sector, or a messenger sector, or explicit `soft' breaking of SUSY. Spontaneous Gauge Symmetry Breaking implies the existence of two new very heavy Higgs Bosons with mass 13.4 TeV, slightly smaller than the energy of the LHC at 14 TeV. There is also a curious set of Gauginos and Higgsinos which have exactly the same masses as the Higgs and Gauge Bosons. These do not couple to the Quarks and Leptons, except through the Higgs and Gauge Bosons.

hep-th↗

arXiv2016

Chiral SUSY Theories with a Suppressed SUSY Charge

The well-known Chiral and Gauge SUSY Actions realize the SUSY charge in terms of transformations among the Fields. These transformations are included in the Master Equation by coupling them to Sources. Here we show that there are new local SUSY Actions where the Chiral SUSY transformations are realized in terms of transformations among both Fields and Sources. These Actions can be easily obtained from the Chiral case by a very simple and local `Exchange Transformation', which carries along all the interactions without difficulty. For these new SUSY Actions, the SUSY charge does not exist in the relevant sector, because Sources do not satisfy Equations of Motion. Nevertheless, the `Exchange Transformation' ensures that the new Master Equation is true for the new Action. As a consequence, the Master Equation also is true for the new 1PI Generating Functional. This implies that a `Suppressed SUSY Charge' version of SUSY is still present. SUSY certainly becomes more obscure and less constrained in this case. But it is still very restrictive. The new theories can be obtained from the old theories by using a special technique, but it is not true that they are a sort of `broken version of supersymmetry'. They are simply a new type of theory that is governed by Supersymmetry, but without the use of Supercharges (except perhaps in some sectors). In particular the number of physical Bosonic and Fermionic degrees of Freedom are not equal for these new (sub)-Actions, although there is still Boson/Fermion mass degeneracy in a (sub)-Action, so long as there is still a Boson present. Notably, there is even a SUSY (sub)-Action where the physical Scalars are not present, so that the (sub)-Action contains physical Fermions only. In this theory the degeneracy of Bosonic and Fermionic masses is obviously not present.

hep-th↗

arXiv2009

A supersymmetric version of the quark model, and supersymmetry breaking for the Leptons, Baryons and Hadronic Mesons: Cybersusy V

Cybersusy is a new mechanism for supersymmetry breaking in the standard supersymmetric model (SSM). Here we note that the superpotential for the SSM has a set of thirteen invariances, five of which are well known, and eight of which are new. The eight new invariances generate a sort of supersymmetric quark and lepton model, together with supersymmetry breaking that makes the squarks and sleptons very heavy. This breaking regenerates the standard model out of the supersymmetric standard model, except that the gauge particles are not yet included in this reduction. In this paper, it is shown that, with some continued effort, cybersusy will make some predictions for hadron masses that may actually be wrong, so that it is a supersymmetry breaking theory that can be proved wrong! This is the fifth paper in what was intended to be a series of four papers on cybersusy.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Detailed Calculations of the Mass Spectrum for the Leptons after Supersymmetry Breaking in the Supersymmetric Standard Model: Cybersusy IV

This is the fourth of a series of four papers introducing cybersusy, which is a new approach to supersymmetry breaking in the supersymmetric standard model. This paper contains a brief summary, and then goes on to the calculation of the propagators and masses for the leptons, using the cybersusy action deduced in the three previous papers of this series. The results here are for the general case of three flavours of leptons.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Introduction to the BRS Cohomology of the Massless Wess Zumino Model: Cybersusy II

This paper is the second paper in a series of four papers that introduce cybersusy, which is a new method for analyzing supersymmetry breaking in the standard supersymmetric model (SSM). The first paper was a summary of the results and the three next papers set out the details. In this second paper, we derive the full BRS operator and action for the general massless Wess-Zumino chiral supersymmetry action. This includes the source terms which bring in the equations of motion. The auxiliary field is integrated, which removes manifest supersymmetry, but which allows the Legendre transform to operate correctly to define one-particle-irreducible vertices from the connected Green's functions. Then some special terms in the BRS cohomology are described, together with the constraint equations that they must satisfy. These `simple dotspinors' are generated by a `fundamental dotspinor', which is constructed partly from the Zinn sources. The equations of motion play a very important role in the cohomology for this theory. These dotspinors play an interesting role in the BRS cohomology of the standard model, which is the subject of the third paper in the series.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Some Composite Hadrons and Leptons which induce Supersymmetry Breaking in the Supersymmetric Standard Model: Cybersusy III

This is the third paper in a series of four papers which introduce cybersusy, which is a new mechanism for supersymmetry breaking in the supersymmetric standard model (SSM). In this paper we display some solutions to the constraint equations of BRS cohomology in the SSM. In particular we discuss the leptonic dotspinor pseudosupermultiplets that were used in Cybersusy I to calculate leptonic supersymmetry breaking in the supersymmetric standard model. We also introduce examples of hadronic dotspinor pseudosupermultiplets that will induce baryonic supersymmetry breaking in the SSM for the baryons with charge Q=-1, and related supersymmetry partner baryons. Some interesting relationships between the peculiar structure of the SSM, the existence of solutions for the BRS constraints, and supersymmetry breaking using cybersusy are noted.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Supersymmetry Breaks when Gauge Symmetry Breaks: Cybersusy I

This paper summarizes a new approach to supersymmetry breaking in the supersymmetric standard model (SSM). The approach arises from some remarkable features of the BRS cohomology for composite operators in the SSM, and the behaviour of those operators when gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. A new realization of supersymmetry arises for these operators. This realization is equivalent to the generation of supersymmetry anomalies, though they are not present in the usual sense. The consequences are worked out in detail for the electron and neutrino flavour triplets, by using the appropriate effective action to analyze the new anomalous realization of supersymmetry. This effective action generates a mass spectrum for leptons that is consistent with present experimental data. There is no vacuum energy problem, and no annoying mass sum rules are present.

hep-th↗

arXiv2006

BRS Cohomology, Composite Operators and the Supersymmetric Standard Model

Supersymmetry might be broken, in the real world, by anomalies that affect composite operators, while leaving the action supersymmetric. New constraint equations that govern the composite operators and their anomalies are examined. It is shown that the supersymmetric standard model has special properties that allow simple and physically interesting solutions to the constraint equations.

hep-th↗

arXiv2003

Composite Operators, Supersymmetry Anomalies and Supersymmetry Breaking in the Wess-Zumino Model

The field equations of the auxiliary fields are nonlinear and free of derivatives. Hence, it is argued, a Legendre transform to generate the 1PI Generating Functionals is not correct for the auxiliary fields. A corrected formulation of the BRS symmetry must be constructed by integrating the auxiliary fields. This necessarily destroys manifest supersymmetry. It also generates a new "Physical BRS-ZJ" cohomology problem. The resulting "Physical BRS-ZJ cohomology" is then described. The cohomology contains a rich spectrum of potential supersymmetry anomalies in certain composite operators that have spinor indices. Some examples of these composite operators are set out explicitly. The examples depend on certain Constraint Equations that arise from simple Generating Functions. The Constraint Equations constrain the mass and Yukawa coefficients of the theory. The potential supersymmetry anomalies have calculable one-loop coefficients that depend on the solutions to the Constraint Equations. If these coefficients are non-zero, the anomalies will then necessarily break supersymmetry with a calculable pattern, probably with a zero cosmological constant.

hep-th↗

arXiv1993

Supersymmetry Anomalies, the Witten Index and the Standard Model

The supersymmetric standard model (SSM) contains a wealth of potential supersymmetry anomalies, all of which occur in the renormalization of composite operators of the theory. The coefficients of the weak-E.M. superanomalies should be related to the Witten indices of the neutrino and photon superfields, and the coefficients of the strong superanomalies should be related to the Witten indices of the gluon and photon superfields. Assuming the coefficients are non-zero, the superanomalies break supersymmetry in observable states. However the neutral Higgs particles should remain in a supermultiplet because the Higgs supermultiplet is not coupled to any massless superfield in the SSM. Assuming that the overall Witten index is non-zero, supersymmetry is broken by superanomalies and yet the vacuum remains supersymmetric. This means that the cosmological constant is naturally zero after supersymmetry breaking, even beyond perturbation theory.

hep-ph↗