arXiv subjects

John H. Miller Jr

Publications and source records attributed to John H. Miller Jr.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The LBT $Y_{\rm p}$ Project II: MODS Spectra, Physical Conditions, and Oxygen Abundances in Local Metal-Poor Nebulae

Empirically measuring the primordial He mass fraction, $Y_{\rm p}$, requires a significant number of low-metallicity nebulae with direct constraints on He/H and O/H abundances. This technique requires high-fidelity measurements of the gas-phase physical conditions, namely the electron temperature ($T_e$) and density ($n_e$). To this end, we present deep rest-optical spectroscopy for a sample of 62 low-metallicity ($\lesssim$ 20% solar O/H) galaxies acquired using the Multi-Object Double Spectrographs (MODS) on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) as part of the LBT $Y_{\rm p}$ Project. We discuss new fitting methods that recover the intensity of up to 61 H and He recombination lines, of which, up to 26 will be used to determine gas-phase He abundances, and we examine the emission line properties of the LBT $Y_{\rm p}$ Project sample. We assess different scaling relations in the low-metallicity interstellar medium (ISM), finding that $n_e$[Ar IV] measured in 31 targets is systematically larger than $n_e$[S II] or $n_e$[O II]. The larger densities are insufficient to significantly bias $T_e$[O III] or the O/H abundance. $T_e$[S III] and $T_e$[O III] are strongly correlated over a range of $\sim$10$^4$ K with very low scatter, and we calibrate new $T_e$[S III]-$T_e$[O III] scaling relations for use in other low-metallicity environments. We examine different $T_e$ measured in the low-ionization gas, finding significant scatter compared to $T_e$[O III]. The precision direct O/H derived in this analysis (median uncertainty $\sim$4%) are consistent with prior literature measurements, albeit with relatively large scatter. These data provide a key component necessary to empirically measure $Y_{\rm p}$ and the abundance patterns of other elements in the ISM.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

The LBT $Y_{\rm p}$ Project I: An Improved Determination of the Primordial Helium Abundance -- Project Description, Sample Selection, Observations, and Methodology

Extremely low metallicity HII regions have been observed with the goal of determining the primordial helium abundance ($Y_{\rm p}$). $Y_{\rm p}$, combined with standard big bang nucleosynthesis and the half-life of the neutron, provides a direct measurement of the number of neutrino families, but $Y_{\rm p}$ must be measured very precisely to provide meaningful constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model. Here we describe a program to combine new Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) observations with a new analysis methodology to significantly improve the determination of $Y_{\rm p}$. The LBT, with its MODS and LUCI instruments, produces spectra, which, when combined with our new analysis methodology, are capable of delivering He abundances in individual HII regions with uncertainties of approximately 2% or less. Archival LBT/MODS spectra of standard stars over a four-year period enable the determination of a wavelength-dependent uncertainty in the MODS spectral response, resulting in improved relative emission line uncertainties. An optimized sample of low-metallicity galaxies has been selected with the goal of producing a determination of $Y_{\rm p}$ with a precision of $\sim$ 0.5%, sufficient to provide an independent constraint on the effective number of neutrino families of $\sim$ 3%.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

A Fuzzy Situation Eased: Cold Dark Matter with Multipoles Can Explain The Double Radio Quad Lens HS 0810+2554

Originally observed in isophotal density contours of elliptical galaxies, higher order perturbations in the form of Fourier modes, or multipoles, are becoming increasingly recognized as necessary to account for angular mass complexity in strong lensing analyses. When smooth, elliptical CDM mass models fail, multipoles often emerge as solutions. With the discovery of two radio jets in the source quasar, the strong gravitational lens HS 0810+2554 can no longer be well fit by elliptical mass models, suggesting perturbations on small-scales. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of multipoles $m=1$ (lopsidedness), $m=3$ (triangleness), and $m=4$ (boxiness and diskiness) in addressing the image positional anomalies of the two radio quads of HS 0810+2554. Due to the exact pairing and arrival sequence of the images being unknown, we consider all feasible image configurations. With 64 unique best-fit models, we achieve a fit of $χ=1.59$ ($χ^2=2.53$), with $m=1,3,4$ multipole strengths of 0.9%, 0.4%, and 0.6%, respectively, with images in the reverse time ordering. Elliptical+shear models from previous works find $χ\!\sim\!7\!-\!10$, for comparison. With the morphological (i.e., standard) arrival sequence, we achieve a fit of $χ=2.95$ with two images being assigned to opposite sources. Therefore, CDM mass models with mass complexity in the form of multipoles are able to adequately explain the positional anomalies in HS 0810+2554. Alternative dark matter theories, like fuzzy dark matter, need not be invoked.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2023

Quantum Transport of Charge Density Wave Electrons in Layered Materials

The charge density wave (CDW) is a condensate that often forms in layered materials. It is known to carry electric current \emph{en masse}, but the transport mechanism remains poorly understood at the microscopic level. Its quantum nature is revealed by several lines of evidence. Experiments often show lack of CDW displacement when biased just below the threshold for nonlinear transport, indicating the CDW never reaches the critical point for classical depinning. Quantum behavior is also revealed by oscillations of period $h/2e$ in CDW conductance vs. magnetic flux, sometimes accompanied by telegraph-like switching, in $\text{TaS}_3$ rings above 77 K. Here we discuss further evidence for quantum CDW electron transport. We find that, for temperatures ranging from 9 to 474 K, CDW current-voltage plots of three trichalcogenide materials agree almost precisely with a modified Zener-tunneling curve and with time-correlated soliton tunneling model simulations. In our model we treat the Schrödinger equation as an emergent classical equation that describes fluidic Josephson-like coupling of paired electrons between evolving topological states. We find that an extension of this \lq classically robust' quantum picture explains both the $h/2e$ magnetoconductance oscillations and switching behavior in CDW rings. We consider potential applications for thermally robust quantum information processing systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2022

Searches for Extremely Metal Poor Galaxies using ALFALFA-selected Dwarf Galaxies

We present a study of nearby dwarf galaxies selected from the ALFALFA blind HI survey. A primary goal of the project was to utilize a non-standard selection method with the hope of detecting previously unrecognized extremely metal-poor (XMP) galaxies. The study was motivated by the recent discovery of two XMP galaxies $-$ Leo P and Leoncino $-$ which were both originally found via the ALFALFA survey. We have obtained narrowband H$α$ images for 42 dwarf systems, many of which are located in the local void in front of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster. Spectra for eleven of the best candidates resulted in the determination of metal abundances for ten of the systems. None were found to be extremely metal poor, although one system (AGC 123350) was found to have an oxygen abundance of log(O/H)+12 = 7.46, or $\sim$6\% solar. One of the galaxies in our sample exhibits a high oxygen abundance for its luminosity, suggesting the possibility that it may have a tidal origin.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2008

The dielectric response of spherical live cells in suspension: An analytic solution

We develop a theoretical framework to describe the dielectric response of live cells in suspensions when placed in low external electric fields. The treatment takes into account the presence of the cell's membrane and of the charge movement at the membrane's surfaces. For spherical cells suspended in aqueous solutions, we give an analytic solution for the dielectric function, which is shown to account for the alpha and beta plateaus seen in many experimental data. The effect of different physical parameters on the dielectric curves is methodically analyzed.

cond-mat.soft↗