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Jonathan J. Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to Jonathan J. Zhu.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Reilly's type inequality for the Laplacian associated to a density related with shrinkers for MCF

Let $(\bar{M},<,>,e^ψ)$ be a Riemannian manifold with a density, and let $M$ be a closed $n$-dimensional submanifold of $\bar{M}$ with the induced metric and density. We give an upper bound on the first eigenvalue $λ_1$ of the closed eigenvalue problem for $Δ_ψ$ (the Laplacian on $M$ associated to the density) in terms of the average of the norm of the vector ${\vec{H}}_{ψ} + {\bar \nabla}$ with respect to the volume form induced by the density, where ${\vec{H}}_{ψ}$ is the mean curvature of $M$ associated to the density $e^ψ$. When $\bar{M}=\Bbb R^{n+k}$ or $\bar{M}=S^{n+k-1}$, the equality between $λ_1$ and its bound implies that $e^ψ$ is a Gaussian density ($ψ(x) = \frac{C}{2} |x|^2$, $C<0$), and $M$ is a shrinker for the mean curvature flow (MCF) on $\Bbb R^{n+k}$. We prove also that $λ_1 =-C$ on the standard shrinker torus of revolution. Based on this and on the Yau's conjecture on the first eigenvalue of minimal submanifolds of $S^n$, we conjecture that the equality $λ_1=-C$ is true for all the shrinkers of MCF in $\mathbb{R}^{n+k}$.

math.DG↗

Mean convex mean curvature flow with free boundary

In this paper, we generalize White's regularity and structure theory for mean-convex mean curvature flow to the setting with free boundary. A major new challenge in the free boundary setting is to derive an a priori bound for the ratio between the norm of the second fundamental form and the mean curvature. We establish such a bound via the maximum principle for a triple-approximation scheme, which combines ideas from Edelen, Haslhofer-Hershkovits, and Volkmann. Other important new ingredients are a Bernstein-type theorem and a sheeting theorem for low entropy free boundary flows in a halfslab, which allow us to rule out multiplicity 2 (half-)planes as possible tangent flows and, for mean convex domains, as possible limit flows.

math.DG↗

Min-max theory for networks of constant geodesic curvature

We prove that on a closed surface, for any $c>0$, our min-max theory for prescribing mean curvature produces a solution given by a curve of constant geodesic curvature $c$ which is almost embedded, except for finitely many points, at which the solution is a stationary junction with integer density. Moreover, each smooth segment has multiplicity one. The key is a classification of blowups which is new even for $c=0$.

math.DG↗

Existence of hypersurfaces with prescribed mean curvature I - Generic min-max

We prove that, for a generic set of smooth prescription functions $h$ on a closed ambient manifold, there always exists a nontrivial, smooth, closed hypersurface of prescribed mean curvature $h$. The solution is either an embedded minimal hypersurface with integer multiplicity, or a non-minimal almost embedded hypersurface of multiplicity one. More precisely, we show that our previous min-max theory, developed for constant mean curvature hypersurfaces, can be extended to construct min-max prescribed mean curvature hypersurfaces for certain classes of prescription function, including smooth Morse functions and nonzero analytic functions. In particular we do not need to assume that $h$ has a sign.

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Min-max theory for constant mean curvature hypersurfaces

In this paper, we develop a min-max theory for the construction of constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces of prescribed mean curvature in an arbitrary closed manifold. As a corollary, we prove the existence of a nontrivial, smooth, closed, almost embedded, CMC hypersurface of any given mean curvature $c$. Moreover, if $c$ is nonzero then our min-max solution always has multiplicity one.

math.DG↗

Moving-centre monotonicity formulae for minimal submanifolds and related equations

Monotonicity formulae play a crucial role for many geometric PDEs, especially for their regularity theories. For minimal submanifolds in a Euclidean ball, the classical monotonicity formula implies that if such a submanifold passes through the centre of the ball, then its area is at least that of the equatorial disk. Recently Brendle and Hung proved a sharp area bound for minimal submanifolds when the prescribed point is not the centre of the ball, which resolved a conjecture of Alexander, Hoffman and Osserman. Their proof involves asymptotic analysis of an ingeniously chosen vector field, and the divergence theorem. In this article we prove a sharp `moving-centre' monotonicity formula for minimal submanifolds, which implies the aforementioned area bound. We also describe similar moving-centre monotonicity formulae for stationary $p$-harmonic maps, mean curvature flow and the harmonic map heat flow.

math.DG↗

First stability eigenvalue of singular minimal hypersurfaces in spheres

In this short note we extend an estimate due to J. Simons on the first stability eigenvalue of minimal hypersurfaces in spheres to the singular setting. Specifically, we show that any singular minimal hypersurface in $S^{n+1}$, which is not totally geodesic and satisfies the α-structural hypothesis, has first stability eigenvalue at most -2n, with equality if and only if it is a product of two round spheres. The equality case was settled independently in the classical setting by Wu and Perdomo.

math.DG↗

Minimal hypersurfaces with small first eigenvalue in manifolds of positive Ricci curvature

In this paper we exhibit deformations of the hemisphere $S^{n+1}_+$, $n\geq 2$, for which the ambient Ricci curvature lower bound $\text{Ric}\geq n $ and the minimality of the boundary are preserved, but the first Laplace eigenvalue of the boundary decreases. The existence of these metrics suggests that any resolution of Yau's conjecture on the first eigenvalue of minimal hypersurfaces in spheres would likely need to consider more geometric data than a Ricci curvature lower bound.

math.DG↗

On the entropy of closed hypersurfaces and singular self-shrinkers

Self-shrinkers are the special solutions of mean curvature flow in $\mathbf{R}^{n+1}$ that evolve by shrinking homothetically; they serve as singularity models for the flow. The entropy of a hypersurface introduced by Colding-Minicozzi is a Lyapunov functional for the mean curvature flow, and is fundamental to their theory of generic mean curvature flow. In this paper we prove that a conjecture of Colding-Ilmanen-Minicozzi-White, namely that any closed hypersurface in $\mathbf{R}^{n+1}$ has entropy at least that of the round sphere, holds in any dimension $n$. This result had previously been established for the cases $n\leq 6$ by Bernstein-Wang using a carefully constructed weak flow. The main technical result of this paper is an extension of Colding-Minicozzi's classification of entropy-stable self-shrinkers to the singular setting. In particular, we show that any entropy-stable self-shrinker whose singular set satisfies Wickramasekera's $α$-structural hypothesis must be a round cylinder $\mathbf{S}^k(\sqrt{2k})\times \mathbf{R}^{n-k}$.

math.DG↗

On the rigidity of mean convex self-shrinkers

Self-shrinkers model singularities of the mean curvature flow; they are defined as the special solutions that contract homothetically under the flow. Colding-Ilmanen-Minicozzi showed that cylindrical self-shrinkers are rigid in a strong sense - that is, any self-shrinker that is mean convex with uniformly bounded curvature on a large, but compact, set must be a round cylinder. Using this result, Colding and Minicozzi were able to establish uniqueness of blowups at cylindrical singularities, and provide a detailed description of the singular set of generic mean curvature flows. In this paper, we show that the bounded curvature assumption is unnecessary for the rigidity of the cylinder if either n is at most 6, or if the mean curvature is bounded below by a positive constant. These results follow from curvature estimates that we prove for strictly mean convex self-shrinkers. We also obtain a rigidity theorem in all dimensions for graphical self-shrinkers, and curvature estimates for translators of the mean curvature flow.

math.DG↗

Rigidity and Curvature Estimates for Graphical Self-shrinkers

Self-shrinkers are hypersurfaces that shrink homothetically under mean curvature flow; these solitons model the singularities of the flow. It it presently known that an entire self-shrinking graph must be a hyperplane. In this paper we show that the hyperplane is rigid in an even stronger sense, namely: For $2 \leq n \leq 6$, any smooth, complete self-shrinker $Σ^n\subset\mathbf{R}^{n+1}$ that is graphical inside a large, but compact, set must be a hyperplane. In fact, this rigidity holds within a larger class of almost stable self-shrinkers. A key component of this paper is the procurement of linear curvature estimates for almost stable shrinkers, and it is this step that is responsible for the restriction on $n$. Our methods also yield uniform curvature bounds for translating solitons of the mean curvature flow.

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