arXiv subjects

Jorge L. Chau

Publications and source records attributed to Jorge L. Chau.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The PANSY Meteor Head-echo Orbit Catalogue: Continuous Antarctic Radar Observations of Southern Meteoroid Streams

Meteor head echoes from high-power, large-aperture radars provide pulse-resolved positions and velocities for individual micrometeoroids in a submillimeter-radius range that contribute significantly to the mass influx to Earth. We present the first meteor head-echo orbit catalogue from the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere--Stratosphere--Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter radar (PANSY). The catalogue contains two million meteors and 50 million pulse-resolved measurements. The observed radiant distribution contains the helion, antihelion, south toroidal and apex sources, and provides unprecedented head-echo coverage of southern ecliptic latitudes. The initial detection-height distribution is found to be double-banded, with both bands increasing in height with meteor speed and exhibiting distinct radiant distributions, consistent with a mixture of meteoroid-size differences and differential ablation. Estimation of dynamic mass indicates that the survey is sensitive to initial radii of approximately 100 micrometers. As part of an initial exploration of the catalogue, we investigate the nighttime alpha Capricornids (CAP) and the extended Daytime Capricornids-Sagittariids (DCS) radiant. Their similar activity durations at opposite nodes are consistent with membership in the CAP--169P/NEAT complex. The radiant distribution suggests a new meteor shower candidate, with peak flux near solar longitude 110 degrees, mean Sun-centered ecliptic radiant longitude 291.0 degrees, latitude -48.2 degrees, and geocentric speed 48.7 km s^{-1}. During catalogue production, event-level raw voltage cuts are retained temporarily to support improvements in data analysis. This first catalogue release, covering 2025 January 26 to 2026 July 26, will be useful for further studies of the southern-hemisphere Earth-crossing meteoroid population.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2026

Scaling laws and local enhancements of buoyancy flux in stratified turbulent flows

In the presence of stratification, turbulent flows exhibit intermittency not only at small scales but also at large scales, comparable to the mean flow, as observed in the atmosphere and oceans. We study such flows through a large parametric exploration using direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations with different forcing types. We examine two Prandtl numbers (1 and 6) and vary the Froude number ($Fr$) over a range of geophysical interest values, $0.01\le Fr \le 1$, corresponding to a variation in terms of the buoyancy Reynolds number ($R_{IB}$) of $0.06\le R_{IB} \le 2300$. We analyze the dependence on $R_{IB}$ of the buoyancy flux ($B_f$), the mixing efficiency, the shear parameters, and the vertical momentum flux. Strongly non-Gaussian tails in the spatio-temporal distribution of the $B_f$ are observed, with kurtosis reaching $\approx 10^2$, indicating the potential for stratified geophysical flows to be characterized by highly variable transport properties along the direction of gravity even under stable stratification. This is associated with long-time intermittent behavior of vertical velocity and temperature at large scale, which produces local turbulence and enhances dissipation and transport. We present evidence that the skewness of $B_f$ increases with $R_{IB}$ as a power-law and saturates in the passive-scalar limit. We also show that the domain-averaged $B_f$ exhibits two distinct trends: logarithmic growth with $R_{IB}$ and approach to a small offset as stratification strengthens. A simple model for the temporal evolution of energy and $B_f$ indicates that the defect between vertical and potential energy drives strong $B_f$ events. This trend directly leads to convective instabilities, the formation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional eddies, and rapid dissipation on a turnover timescale, allowing the energetic cycle to restart-also occurring in bursts.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2026

Optical and Radar Observations of the February 2025 Falcon 9 Upper-Stage Re-entry

We investigate the February 19, 2025, re-entry of a Falcon 9 upper stage using optical observations from 43 meteor cameras across central Europe together with radar detections of re-entry plasma obtained with the 32.55 MHz SIMONe Germany multistatic radar system. Optical observations of fragment emissions between 85 and 36 km altitude were used to reconstruct 30 fragment trajectories, identify two main fragment families, and fit ballistic trajectories to estimate kinetic energy loss per unit mass. The optical detection-height distribution peaks near 60 km with a standard deviation of 10 km, and both optical and radar signatures occur in the same broad altitude region as the maximum kinetic-energy loss. Radar echoes were detected at altitudes between 55 and 75 km, and the radar-derived positions are consistent with those obtained from optical observations. Two distinct radar echo types associated with the re-entry plasma were identified: (1) specular trail echoes from overdense wake plasma, with radar cross-sections (RCS) of up to 60 dBsm, and (2) short-lived non-specular trail echoes with RCS values of 20--30 dBsm, exhibiting a delay of 1--2 s compared to optical signatures. The characteristic decay time of both echo types is approximately 1 s. In the radar-echo altitude range, the estimated Knudsen numbers for meter-scale fragments are well below unity, consistent with continuum-flow conditions and shock-driven plasma production rather than ordinary meteor-like impact ionization. These serendipitous radar observations demonstrate that the atmospheric re-entry of other spacecraft, including objects smaller than the Falcon 9 upper stage such as Starlink satellites, may likewise be detectable using comparable multistatic meteor radar systems deployed globally.

physics.space-ph↗

arXiv2023

A Global Radio Remote Sensing Network for Observing Space Weather Dynamics

Our current sampling of the near-Earth space environment is wholly insufficient to measure the highly variable processes therein and make predictions on par with lower atmospheric weather. We sketch out the scientific rationale for a network of radio instruments delivering dense observations of the near-Earth space environment and the broad steps necessary to implement wide-scale coverage in the next 30 years.

astro-ph.IM↗