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Jorge S. Diaz

Publications and source records attributed to Jorge S. Diaz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2021

Blast wave kinematics: theory, experiments, and applications

Measurements of the time of arrival of shock waves from explosions can serve as powerful markers of the evolution of the shock front for determining crucial parameters driving the blast. Using standard theoretical tools and a simple ansatz for solving the hydrodynamics equations, a general expression for the Mach number of the shock front is derived. Dimensionless coordinates are introduced allowing a straightforward visualization and direct comparison of blast waves produced by a variety of explosions, including chemical, nuclear, and laser-induced plasmas. The results are validated by determining the yield of a wide range of explosions, using data from gram-size charges to thermonuclear tests.

physics.flu-dyn↗
arXiv2021

Explosion analysis from images: Trinity and Beirut

Images of an explosion can be used to study some of its physical properties. After reviewing the key aspects of the method originally developed to study the first nuclear detonation and analyzing the Trinity blast data, the method is applied to the Beirut explosion of August 2020 by using images from videos posted online. The applicability of the method is discussed and the process of selection, extraction, and analysis of the data is presented. The estimate for the energy yield of the Beirut explosion is found to be $2.3^{+1.1}_{-1.1}$ TJ or $0.6^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ kt of TNT equivalent. The result is consistent with others recently appeared in the literature using different methods. Notice that this article includes content that some readers may find distressing.

physics.ed-ph↗
arXiv2016

Testing Lorentz and CPT invariance with neutrinos

Neutrino experiments can be considered sensitive tools to test Lorentz and CPT invariance. Taking advantage of the great variety of neutrino experiments, including neutrino oscillations, weak decays, and astrophysical neutrinos, the generic experimental signatures of the breakdown of these fundamental symmetries in the neutrino sector are presented.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2016

Limits on CPT violation from solar neutrinos

Violations of CPT invariance can induce neutrino-to-antineutrino transitions. We study this effect for solar neutrinos and use the upper bound on the solar neutrino-to-antineutrino transition probability from the KamLAND experiment to constrain CPT-symmetry-violating coefficients of the general Standard-Model Extension. The long propagation distance from the Sun to the Earth allows us to improve existing limits by factors ranging from about a thousand to $10^{11}$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2015

Correspondence between nonstandard interactions and CPT violation in neutrino oscillations

The experimental signatures of nonstandard neutrino interactions are shown to be equivalent to CPT violation in neutrino oscillations. This result leads to a correspondence in the study of these two descriptions that can be used to constrain the relevant parameters of one formalism by using the available bounds on parameters of the other. The correspondence is illustrated and explicitly used to determine first bounds on previously unexplored parameters in both formalisms.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Tests of Lorentz symmetry in single beta decay

Low-energy experiments studying single beta decay can serve as sensitive probes of Lorentz invariance that can complement interferometric searches for deviations from this spacetime symmetry. Experimental signatures of a dimension-three operator for Lorentz violation that are unobservable in neutrino oscillations are described for the decay the polarized and unpolarized neutrons as well as for measurements of the spectral endpoint in beta decay.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Neutrinos as probes of Lorentz invariance

Neutrinos can be used to search for deviations from exact Lorentz invariance. The worldwide experimental program in neutrino physics makes these particles a remarkable tool to search for a variety of signals that could reveal minute relativity violations. This paper reviews the generic experimental signatures of the breakdown of Lorentz symmetry in the neutrino sector.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Limits on Lorentz and CPT violation from double beta decay

Deviations from Lorentz and CPT invariance in the neutrino sector and their observable effects in double beta decay are studied. For two-neutrino double beta decay, a spectral distortion and its properties are characterized for different isotopes. Majorana couplings for Lorentz violation are studied and shown to trigger neutrinoless double beta decay even for negligible Majorana mass. Existing data are used to obtain first limits of $5 \times 10^{-9}$ for 18 individual coefficients and attainable sensitivities in current and future experiments are presented.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Relativity violations and beta decay

In some quantum theories of gravity, deviations from the laws of relativity could be comparatively large while escaping detection to date. In the neutrino sector, precision experiments with beta decay yield new and improved constraints on these countershaded relativity violations. Existing data are used to extract bounds of $3 \times 10^{-8}$ GeV on the magnitudes of two of the four possible coefficients, and estimates are provided of future attainable sensitivities in a variety of experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Testing Relativity with High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos

The recent observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be used to constrain violations of Lorentz invariance emerging from a quantum theory of gravity. We perform threshold and Cherenkov analyses that improve existing bounds by factors ranging from about a million to 10^{20}.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2011

Overview of Lorentz Violation in Neutrinos

A general introduction to Lorentz and CPT violation is presented. The observable effects of the breakdown of such fundamental symmetries in neutrinos are outlined and different experimental searches of some of the key signals of Lorentz violation are discussed. A novel powerful method to study model-independent neutrino oscillations is reviewed and then used to illustrate a new global model of neutrino oscillations based on Lorentz violation consistent with atmospheric, accelerator, reactor, and solar neutrino data.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2011

Lorentz- and CPT-violating models for neutrino oscillations

A class of calculable global models for neutrino oscillations based on Lorentz and CPT violation is presented. One simple example matches established neutrino data from accelerator, atmospheric, reactor, and solar experiments, using only two degrees of freedom instead of the usual five. A third degree of freedom appears in the model, and it naturally generates the MiniBooNE low-energy anomalies. More involved models in this class can also accommodate the LSND anomaly and neutrino-antineutrino differences of the MINOS type. The models predict some striking signals in various ongoing and future experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2011

Three-parameter Lorentz-violating texture for neutrino mixing

A three-parameter model of neutrino oscillations based on a simple Lorentz- and CPT-violating texture is presented. The model is consistent with established data and naturally generates low-energy and neutrino-antineutrino anomalies of the MiniBooNE type. A one-parameter extension incorporates the MINOS anomaly, while a simple texture enhancement accommodates the LSND signal.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2010

Lorentz and CPT violation in neutrino oscillations

Neutrino oscillations in the presence of Lorentz violation can present novel observable signals in both long- and short-baseline experiments. In this talk we describe the theory and its different regimes depending on properties of the experiments. CPT violation, its systematic search and possible connections to latest results are also presented.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2009

Perturbative Lorentz and CPT violation for neutrino and antineutrino oscillations

The effects of perturbative Lorentz and CPT violation on neutrino oscillations are studied. Features include neutrino-antineutrino oscillations, direction dependence, and unconventional energy behavior. Leading-order corrections arising from renormalizable operators are derived in the general three-flavor effective field theory. The results are applied to neutrino-beam experiments with long baselines, which offer excellent sensitivity to the accompanying effects. Key signatures of Lorentz and CPT violation using neutrino beams include sidereal variations in the oscillation probabilities arising from the breakdown of rotational symmetry, and CPT asymmetries comparing neutrino and antineutrino modes. Attainable sensitivities to coefficients for Lorentz violation are estimated for several existing and future experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2009

Long-baseline neutrino experiments as tests for Lorentz violation

Precise tests of Lorentz invariance can be executed using neutrino oscillations, which can provide sensitive measurements of suppressed signals of new physics. This talk describes the neutrino sector of the Standard-Model Extension, which represents a general modification of the Standard Model of massive neutrinos to include Lorentz and CPT violation. Attainable sensitivities as well as a framework to search for these violations are presented for existing and future long-baseline neutrino experiments. The applicability of this framework to short-baseline experiments is also discussed.

hep-ph↗