Regularizing effect of the natural growth term in quasilinear problems with sign-changing nonlinearities
We investigate the existence and nonexistence of solutions to the Dirichlet problem \begin{equation*} \tag{$P$} \label{pba} \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{2} -Δ_p u + g(u) |\nabla u|^p &= λf(u) \quad &&\mbox{in} \;\; Ω, \\ u &= 0 \quad &&\mbox{on} \;\; \partialΩ, \end{alignedat} \right. \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a smooth bounded domain, $p\in (1,\infty)$, $λ>0$ and $g\in C(\mathbb{R})$. Our main assumption is that $:f \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous function such that $f(s)>0$ for all $s\in (α,β)$, where $0<α<β$ are two zeros of $f$. If $f(0)\geq 0$, we show that an area condition involving $f$ and $g$ is both sufficient and necessary in order to have a pair $(λ,u)\in \mathbb{R}^+\times C_0^1(\overlineΩ)$, with $u\geq 0$ and $\|u\|_{C(\overlineΩ)}\in (α,β]$, solving~\eqref{pba}. We also study how the presence of the gradient term affects the existence of solution. Roughly speaking, the more negative $g$ is, the stronger its regularizing effect on~\eqref{pba}. We prove that, regardless of the shape of $f$, for any fixed $λ$, there always exists a function $g$ such that~\eqref{pba} admits a nonnegative solution with maximum in $(α,β]$.