Intrinsic volumes of $\ell_p$-balls and a continuum of Maxwell--Poincar\'e--Borel laws for their curvature measures
For $p>1$, we derive explicit formulas for the intrinsic volumes $V_0(\mathbb B_p^n),\dots,V_{n-1}(\mathbb B_p^n)$ of the $n$-dimensional $\ell_p$-balls $$ \mathbb B_p^n = \{x\in\mathbb R^n:\ |x_1|^p+\ldots+|x_n|^p\le 1\} $$ and, more generally, of their coordinate-weighted analogues. The formula is given in terms of a one-dimensional integral involving the special function $$ \mathcal F_p(t;\nu) = \int_{\mathbb R}|u|^\nu e^{-|u|^p-t|u|^{2p-2}}\,du. $$ Previously known formulas for the intrinsic volumes of ellipsoids, weighted crosspolytopes, and rectangular boxes arise as special or limiting cases. We also obtain asymptotic formulas for $V_{j(n)}(\mathbb B_p^n)$ in the high-dimensional regime $n\to\infty$, where the index $j(n)$ is allowed to depend on $n$. We further investigate the curvature measures of $\mathbb B_p^n$. These are finite measures $$ \Phi_0(\mathbb B_p^n,\cdot),\dots,\Phi_{n-1}(\mathbb B_p^n,\cdot) $$ on $\partial\mathbb B_p^n$ that localize the intrinsic volumes. We prove a Maxwell--Poincar\'{e}--Borel type limit theorem: if $X_n$ is a random boundary point of $\mathbb B_p^n$ distributed according to the normalized curvature measure $\Phi_{j(n)}(\mathbb B_p^n,\cdot)/V_{j(n)}(\mathbb B_p^n)$, where $j(n)/n\to\alpha\in[0,1]$ as $n\to\infty$, then for every fixed $r\in\mathbb N$, the joint distribution of the first $r$ coordinates of $n^{1/p}X_n$ converges weakly to the product measure $\nu_{p,\alpha}^{\otimes r}$. Here $\nu_{p,\alpha}$ is an explicit probability measure on $\mathbb R$ depending on $p>1$ and $\alpha\in[0,1]$. The main tool underlying these results is an explicit characterization of the curvature measures of coordinate-weighted $\ell_p$-balls, and in particular an explicit formula for their mixed moments.