arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Jose Arnaldo B. Dris.
If $N={q^k}{n^2}$ is an odd perfect number given in Eulerian form, then the Descartes-Frenicle-Sorli conjecture predicts that $k=ν_{q}(N)=1$. In this article, we give a short proof for this conjecture.
Let $σ(x)$ be the sum of the divisors of $x$. If $N$ is odd and $σ(N) = 2N$, then the odd perfect number $N$ is said to be given in Eulerian form if $N = {q^k}{n^2}$ where $q$ is prime with $q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4$ and $\gcd(q,n) = 1$. In this note, we show that $q < n$ implies that Descartes's conjecture (previously Sorli's conjecture), $k = ν_{q}(N) = 1$, is not true. This then implies an unconditional proof for the biconditional $$k = ν_{q}(N) = 1 \Longleftrightarrow n < q.$$ Lastly, following a recent result of Cohen and Sorli, we show that if $q < n$, then either $q > 5$ or $k > 5$ is true. (Note: This is withdrawn for now because this paper is currently a work in progress.)
We investigate the implications of a curious biconditional involving divisors of odd perfect numbers, if Dris conjecture that $q^k < n$ holds, where $q^k n^2$ is an odd perfect number with Euler prime $q$. We then show that this biconditional holds unconditionally. Lastly, we prove that the inequality $q<n$ holds unconditionally.
We call $n$ a spoof odd perfect number if $n$ is odd and $n=km$ for two integers $k,m>1$ such that $σ(k)(m+1)=2n$, where $σ$ is the sum-of-divisors function. In this paper, we show how results analogous to those of odd perfect numbers could be established for spoof odd perfect numbers (otherwise known in the literature as Descartes numbers). In particular, we prove that $k$ is not almost perfect.
An odd perfect number $N$ is said to be given in Eulerian form if $N = {q^k}{n^2}$ where $q$ is prime with $q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4$ and $\gcd(q,n) = 1$. Similarly, an even perfect number $M$ is said to be given in Euclidean form if $M = (2^p - 1)\cdot{2^{p - 1}}$ where $p$ and $2^p - 1$ are primes. In this article, we show how simple considerations surrounding the differences between the underlying properties of the Eulerian and Euclidean forms of perfect numbers give rise to what we will call the Euclid-Euler heuristics for perfect numbers.
If $N={q^k}{n^2}$ is an odd perfect number given in Eulerian form, then Sorli's conjecture predicts that $k=ν_{q}(N)=1$. In this article, we give some further results related to this conjecture and those contained in the papers \cite{Dris} and \cite{Dris2}. (withdrawn because of a crucial gap in Theorem 1 [see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.0906.pdf for what is currently provable in this regard], as well as elementary mistakes in the numerical bounds from pages 2 to 4)
In this note, we investigate properties of the ratio $D(n)/n$, which we will call the deficiency index. We will discuss some concepts recast in the language of the deficiency index, based on similar considerations in terms of the abundancy index.
In this note, we present some new results on even almost perfect numbers which are not powers of two. In particular, we show that $2^{r+1} < b$, if ${2^r}{b^2}$ is an even almost perfect number.
The Descartes-Frenicle-Sorli conjecture predicts that $k=1$ if $q^k n^2$ is an odd perfect number with Euler prime $q$. In this note, we present some conditions equivalent to this conjecture.
We show that $n$ is almost perfect if and only if $I(n) - 1 < D(n) \leq I(n)$, where $I(n)$ is the abundancy index of $n$ and $D(n)$ is the deficiency of $n$. This criterion is then extended to the case of integers $m$ satisfying $D(m)>1$.
In this note, we show that if $N$ is an odd perfect number and $q^α$ is some prime power exactly dividing it, then $σ(N/q^α)/q^α>5$. In general, we also show that if $σ(N/q^α)/q^α<K$, where $K$ is any constant, then $N$ is bounded by some function depending on $K$.
If $N={q^k}{n^2}$ is an odd perfect number given in Eulerian form, then the Descartes-Frenicle-Sorli conjecture predicts that $k=1$. Brown has recently announced a proof for the inequality $q < n$, and a partial proof that $q^k < n$ holds under many cases. In this article, we give a strategy for strengthening Brown's result to $q^2 < n$.
A perfect number is a positive integer $N$ such that the sum of all the positive divisors of $N$ equals $2N$, denoted by $σ(N) = 2N$. The question of the existence of odd perfect numbers (OPNs) is one of the longest unsolved problems of number theory. This thesis presents some of the old as well as new approaches to solving the OPN Problem. In particular, a conjecture predicting an injective and surjective mapping $X = σ(p^k)/p^k, Y = σ(m^2)/m^2$ between OPNs $N = {p^k}{m^2}$ (with Euler factor $p^k$) and rational points on the hyperbolic arc $XY = 2$ with $1 < X < 1.25 < 1.6 < Y < 2$ and $2.85 < X + Y < 3$, is disproved. Various results on the abundancy index and solitary numbers are used in the disproof. Numerical evidence against the said conjecture will likewise be discussed. We will show that if an OPN $N$ has the form above, then $p^k < (2/3){m^2}$ follows from \cite{D10}. We will also attempt to prove a conjectured improvement of this last result to $p^k < m$ by observing that $σ(p^k)/m \neq 1$ and $σ(p^k)/m \neq σ(m)/p^k$ in all cases. Lastly, we also prove the following generalization: If $N = \displaystyle\prod_{i=1}^r {{p_i}^{α_i}}$ is the canonical factorization of an OPN $N$, then $$σ({p_i}^{α_i}) \leq (2/3){\frac{N}{{p_i}^{α_i}}}$$ for all $i$. This gives rise to the inequality $$N^{2 - r} \leq (1/3)(2/3)^{r - 1}$$ which is true for all $r$, where $r = ω(N)$ is the number of distinct prime factors of $N$.
A conjecture predicting an injective and surjective mapping $X = \displaystyle\frac{σ(p^k)}{p^k}, Y = \displaystyle\frac{σ(m^2)}{m^2}$ between OPNs $N = {p^k}{m^2}$ (with Euler factor $p^k$) and rational points on the hyperbolic arc $XY = 2$ with $1 < X < 1.25 < 1.6 < Y < 2$ and $2.85 < X + Y < 3$, is disproved. We will show that if an OPN $N$ has the form above, then $p^k < {2/3}{m^2}$. We then give a somewhat weaker corollary to this last result ($m^2 - p^k \ge 8$) and give possible improvements along these lines. We will also attempt to prove a conjectured improvement to $p^k < m$ by observing that $\displaystyle\frac{σ(p^k)}{m} \ne 1$ and $\displaystyle\frac{σ(p^k)}{m} \ne \displaystyle\frac{σ(m)}{p^k}$ in all cases. Lastly, we also prove the following generalization: If $N = \displaystyle\prod_{i = 1}^{r}{{p_i}^{α_i}}$ is the canonical factorization of an OPN $N$, then $\displaystyleσ({p_i}^{α_i}) \le \displaystyle(2/3)\displaystyle\frac{N}{{p_i}^{α_i}}$ for all $i$. This gives rise to the inequality $N^{2 - r} \le (1/3){(2/3)}^{r - 1}$, which is true for all $r$, where $r = ω(N)$ is the number of distinct prime factors of $N$.
If $N = {q^k}{n^2}$ is an odd perfect number, where $q$ is the Euler prime, then we show that $n < q$ is sufficient for Sorli's conjecture that $k = ν_{q}(N) = 1$ to hold. We also prove that $q^k < 2/3{n^2}$, and that $I(q^k) < I(n)$, where $I(x)$ is the abundancy index of $x$.
If $N = {p^k}{m^2}$ is an odd perfect number with special prime factor $p$, then it is proved that ${p^k} < (2/3){m^2}$. Numerical results on the abundancy indices $\frac{σ(p^k)}{p^k}$ and $\frac{σ(m^2)}{m^2}$, and the ratios $\frac{σ(p^k)}{m^2}$ and $\frac{σ(m^2)}{p^k}$, are used. It is also showed that $m^2 > \frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}({10}^{150})$.