Jose Krause Perin | Searcharxiv

arXiv2019

Importance of Amplifier Physics in Maximizing the Capacity of Submarine Links

The throughput of submarine transport cables is approaching fundamental limits imposed by amplifier noise and Kerr nonlinearity. Energy constraints in ultra-long submarine links exacerbate this problem, as the throughput per fiber is further limited by the electrical power available to the undersea optical amplifiers. Recent works have studied how employing more spatial dimensions can mitigate these limitations. In this paper, we address the fundamental question of how to optimally use each spatial dimension. Specifically, we discuss how to optimize the channel power allocation in order to maximize the information-theoretic capacity under an electrical power constraint. Our formulation accounts for amplifier physics, Kerr nonlinearity, and power feed constraints. Whereas recent works assume the optical amplifiers operate in deep saturation, where power-conversion efficiency (PCE) is high, we show that given a power constraint, operating in a less saturated regime, where PCE is lower, supports a wider bandwidth and a larger number of spatial dimensions, thereby maximizing capacity. This design strategy increases the capacity of submarine links by about 70% compared to the theoretical capacity of a recently proposed high-capacity system.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2018

Spectrally and Power Efficient Optical Communication Systems

Increased traffic demands globally and in particular in short-reach links in data centers will require optical communication systems to continue scaling at an accelerated pace. Nevertheless, energy constraints start to limit the bit rate that can be practically transmitted over optical systems both at the shortest distances in data centers and at the longest distances in ultra-long submarine links. Short-reach links in data centers face strict constraints on power consumption, size, and cost, which will demand low-power solutions that scale to bit rates beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength, while accommodating increased losses due to longer fiber plant, multiplexing of more wavelengths, and possibly optical switching. At the longest distances, submarine optical cables longer than about 5,000 km face energy constraints due to power feed limits at the shores, which restricts the electrical power available to the undersea optical amplifiers, ultimately limiting the optical power and throughput per fiber. This dissertation presents strategies to mitigate these limitations. For short-reach links in data centers, we propose low-power coherent receiver architectures that completely avoid high-speed analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. For long-haul submarine links, we demonstrate how optimizing the channel power allocation under a constraint on the amplifier power maximizes the information-theoretic capacity per fiber.

eess.SP↗