On the viscoelastic-electromagnetic-gravitational analogy
The analogy between electromagnetism and gravitation was achieved by linearizing the tensorial gravitational equations of general relativity and converting them into a vector form corresponding to Maxwell's electromagnetic equations. On this basis, we use the equivalence with viscoelasticity (SH waves) and propose a theory of gravitational waves. We add a damping term to the differential equations, which is equivalent to Ohm's law in electromagnetism and Maxwell's viscosity in viscoelasticity, to describe the attenuation of the waves. A plane-wave analysis gives the phase velocity, the energy velocity, the quality factor and the attenuation factor of the field as well as the energy balance. To obtain these properties, we use the analogy with viscoelasticity; the properties of electromagnetic and gravitational waves are similar to those of shear waves. The presence of attenuation means that the transient field is generally a composition of inhomogeneous (non-uniform) plane waves, where the propagation and attenuation vectors do not point in the same direction and the phase velocity vector and the energy flux (energy velocity) are not collinear. The polarization of cross-plane field is linear and perpendicular to the propagation-attenuation plane, while the polarization of the field within the plane is elliptical. Transient wave fields in the space-time domain are analyzed with the Green function (in homogeneous media) and with a grid method (in heterogeneous media) based on the Fourier method for calculating the spatial derivatives and a Runge-Kutta scheme of order 4 for the time stepping. In the examples, wave propagation at the Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon distances using quadrupole sources is considered in comparison to viscoelastic waves. Finally, an example of propagation in heterogeneous media is presented.