Strictly Monotone Numerosity on Tame Sets via the Steiner Polynomial
This paper uses inspiration from Integral Geometry to connect Tame Geometry with Nonstandard Analysis. We omit binomial coefficients from the Steiner polynomial to define the \textit{intrinsic volume polynomial} $Φ$, a valuation defined on bounded definable sets in an o-minimal structure. We prove that using this normalization gives a strictly monotone valuation on point sets when the codomain $\mathbb{R}[t]$ is interpreted with ordering by end behavior. This leads to an algebraic version of Hadwiger's Theorem: $Φ$ is the unique conormal continuous, similarity-equivariant homomorphism of ordered rings from $\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R}^\infty) \to \mathbb{R}[t]$ (up to scaling). Noting that strict monotonicity is mirrored in numerosity theory (a branch of nonstandard analysis), we prove existence for a numerosity that exceptionally approximates the intrinsic volume polynomial. This suggests a connection between disparate fields, allowing each to complement the other.