Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Juan Ignacio Musmarra

Publications and source records attributed to Juan Ignacio Musmarra.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Quantum Gravity and Inflation as an Open System: A New Paradigm

As part of our program to develop a general theory of relativity for open systems, we introduce a covariant theory that incorporates the effects of classical and quantum spacetime alterations in a new metric tensor that effectively includes these alterations, thereby generating a Riemannian manifold from a new varied action without boundary terms. We illustrate the theory by studying an inflationary model which incorporates the quantum feedback effects of spacetime on the dynamics of the inflaton field $\hatφ$, enabling the simultaneous quantization of $\hatφ$ and the fluctuating gravitational field $\hatΩ$ without relying on perturbative theory. We obtain an exact solution for the modes of both fields, $\hatφ$ and $\hatΩ$, which comply with different quantum algebras. The normalization of the inflaton field modes that is obtained is intrinsically related to the geometric field modes, in such a way that the quantization of the fields results from an expression that links the geometric fields with the physical fields. Finally, the quadratic fluctuations of spacetime are calculated, and its spectrum is analyzed.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2025

Spectral dimensionality of spacetime around a radiating Schwarzschild black-hole

In this work we study the spectral dimensionality of spacetime around a radiating Schwarzschild black hole using a recently introduced formalism of quantum gravity, where the alterations of the gravitational field produced by the radiation are represented on an extended manifold, and describe a non-commutative and non-linear algebra. The ration between classical and quantum perturbations of spacetime can be measured by the parameter $z \geq 0$. When $z=(1+\sqrt{3})/2\simeq 1.3660$, a relativistic observer approaching the Schwarzschild horizon perceives a spectral dimension $N(z)=4\left[θ(z)-1\right]\simeq 2.8849$. Under these conditions, all studied Schwarzschild black holes with masses ranging from the Planck mass to $10^{46}$ times the Planck mass, present the same stability configuration which suggests the existence of an universal property of these objects under those particular conditions. The difference from the spectral dimension previously obtained at cosmological scales leads to the conclusion that the dimensionality of spacetime is scale-dependent. Another important result presented here, is the fundamental alteration of the effective gravitational potential near the horizon due to Hawking radiation. This quantum phenomenon prevents the potential from diverging to negative infinity as the observable approaches the Schwarzschild horizon.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2025

Conformal metric perturbations and boundary term as physical source

In the context of the Relativistic Quantum Geometry formalism, where the cosmological constant is promoted to a dynamical variable by attributing it a geometric interpretation as a result of a flux on the boundary of a manifold and establishing a connection between the perturbations of the Ricci tensor and the metric tensor, we propose an approach for the perturbations of the metric tensor. From this, imposing that Einstein's equations must hold for the tensors defined from the perturbed quantities obtained from conformal transformations, we derive a functional form for the cosmological parameter $Λ$ in terms of the cosmological parameter $\barΛ$ of the perturbed manifold. We then use the obtained equations to propose a cosmological model based on the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric with no spatial curvature, fitting the free parameters using observational data from Hubble and Type Ia Supernovae. The model is statistically comparable to $Λ$CDM; although, the joint analysis produces a smaller $H_{0}^{\rm Conformal}=69.80\rm\,\, Km \,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}$ in contrast to the flat $Λ$CDM result $H_{0}^{Λ\rm CDM}=70.52\rm\,\, Km \,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}$. An evident singularity occurs when the conformal factor $Ξ^{2}=2$, yields an early universe dominated only by matter $ρ_{m}$, which undoubtedly does not correspond to a viable history of our cosmos. Despite these limitations, a specific scenario remains feasible. This study aims to offer insights into the acceleration of the universe and addresses key questions in contemporary cosmology.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2024

Geometric Hawking radiation of Schwarzschild Black Hole with novel quantum algebra

In the context of an extended General Relativity theory with boundary terms included, we introduce a new nonlinear quantum algebra involving a quantum differential operator, with the aim to calculate quantum geometric alterations when a particle is created in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black-hole by the Hawking radiation mechanism. The boundary terms in the varied action give rise to modifications in the geometric background, which are investigated by analyzing the metric tensor and the Ricci curvature within the framework of a renormalized quantum theory of gravity.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2020

Quantum thermodynamics in the interior of a Reissner-Nordström black-hole

We study the interior of a Reissner-Nordström Black-Hole (RNBH) using Relativistic Quantum Geometry, which was introduced in some previous works. We found discrete energy levels for a scalar field from a polynomial condition for the Heun Confluent functions expanded around the effective causal radius $r_*$. From the solutions it is obtained that the uncertainty principle is valid for each energy level of space-time, in the form: $E_n\, r_{*,n}=\hbar/2$, and the charged mass is discretized and distributed in a finite number of states. The classical RNBH entropy is recovered as the limit case where the number of states is very large, and the RNBH quantum temperature depends on the number of states in the interior of the RNBH. This temperature, depending of the number of states of the RNBH, is related with the Bekeinstein-Hawking (BH) temperature: $T_{BH} \leq T_{N} < 2\,T_{BH}$.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2020

Large scales space-time waves from inflation with time dependent cosmological parameter

We study the emission of large-scales wavelength space-time waves during the inflationary expansion of the universe, produced by back-reaction effects. As an example, we study an inflationary model with variable time scale, where the scale factor of the universe grows as a power of time. The coarse-grained field to describe space-time waves is defined by using the Levy distribution, on the wavenumber space. The evolution for the norm of these waves on cosmological scales is calculated, and it is shown that decreases with time.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Quantum thermodynamics in the interior of a Schwarzschild B-H

We study the interior of a Schwarzschild Black-Hole (B-H) using Relativistic Quantum Geometry described in \cite{rb} and \cite{rb1}. We found discrete energy levels for a scalar field from a polynomial condition for Heun Confluent functions expanded around the Schwarzschild radius. From the solutions it is obtained that the uncertainty principle is valid for each energy level of space-time, in the form: $E_n\, r_{sh,n}=\hbar/2$. Temperature, entropy and the B-H mass are dependent on the number of states in the B-H, such that the Bekenstein-Hawking (BH) results are obtained in a limit case.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Waves of space-time from a collapsing compact object

We study the partial time dependent collapse of a spherically symmetric compact object with initial mass $M_1+M_2$ and final mass $M_2$ and the waves of space-time emitted during the collapse via back-reaction effects. We obtain exact analytical solutions for the waves of space-time in an example in which $M_1=M_2=(M_1+M_2)/2$. The wavelengths of the space-time emitted waves during the collapse have the cut (we use natural units $c=\hbar=1$): $λ< (2/b)$, $(1/b)$-being the time scale that describes the decay of the compact object.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Quantum thermodynamics in a static de Sitter space-time and initial state of the universe

Using Relativistic Quantum Geometry we study back-reaction effects of space-time inside the causal horizon of a static de Sitter metric, in order to make a quantum thermodynamical description of space-time. We found a finite number of discrete energy levels for a scalar field from a polynomial condition of the confluent hypergeometric functions expanded around $r=0$. As in the previous work, we obtain that the uncertainty principle is valid for each energy level on sub-horizon scales of space-time. We found that temperature and entropy are dependent on the number of sub-states on each energy's level and the Bekenstein-Hawking temperature of each energy level is recovered when the number of sub-states of a given level tends to infinity. We propose that the primordial state of the universe could be described by a de Sitter metric with Planck energy $E_p=m_p\,c^2$, and a B-H temperature: $T_{BH}=\left(\frac{\hbar\,c}{2π\,l_p\,K_B}\right)$.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Dark energy and large-scales solitonic back-reaction behavior in power-law inflation

We study the behavior of large-scale (cosmological) modes of back-reaction effects during inflation. We find that the group of modes which describes the very large-scale fluctuations of energy density during inflation due to back-reaction effects evolve in phase between them, but there is a tear of these modes with respect to the other modes that describe astrophysical scales. This effect could be the origin for the large-scale homogeneity and isotropy of the universe and could be a manifestation of the existence of dark energy, which is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

Inflationary expansion of the universe with variable timescale

We explore a cosmological model in which the time scale is variable with the expansion of the universe and the effective spacetime is driven by the inflaton field. An example is considered and their predictions are contrasted between Planck 2018 data. We calculate the spectrum indices and the slow-rolling parameters of the effective potential. The results are in very good agreement with observations.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2017

Large scale solitonic back-reaction effects in pre-inflation

Using Relativistic Quantum Geometry (RQG), we study the emergence of back-reaction modes with solitonic properties, on astrophysical and cosmological scales, in a model of pre-inflation where the universe emerge from a topological phase transition. We found that, modes of the geometrical field that describes back-reaction effects related to larger scales (cosmological scales), are more coherent than those related to astrophysical scales, so that they can be considered a coarse-grained soliton.

gr-qc↗